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Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review
Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.
Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4
In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.
Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness
E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2
Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.
MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8
Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia
AZIZ, Tariq,MARWAT, Jahanzeb,MUSTAFA, Sheraz,KUMAR, Vikesh Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.12
The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the volatility spillovers from global economic policy uncertainty and macroeconomic factors to the Islamic stock market returns. The study focuses on the Islamic stock indices of emerging economies including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey. The Macroeconomic factors are industrial production, consumer price index, exchange rate. EGARCH model is employed for investigation of volatility spillovers. The results show that the global economic policy uncertainty has a significant spillover effect only on the returns of Turkish Islamic stock index. Similarly, the shocks in macroeconomic factors have little influence on the volatility of Islamic indices returns. The volatility of Indonesian and the Turkish Islamic stock indices returns is not influenced from the fluctuations in macroeconomic factors. However, there is significant volatility spillover only from industrial production to the returns of Malaysian Islamic index. The results suggest that the Islamic stock markets are less likely to influence from the global economic policies and macroeconomic factors. The stability of Islamic stocks provide opportunity for diversification of portfolios, particularly in stressed market conditions. The major price factors of Islamic markets could be firms' specific factors or investors' behaviors. The findings are helpful for policy makers and investors in formulating policies and portfolios.
HTTP-based Smart Transportation of DNS Queries and Applications
Aziz Mohaisen,Manar Mohaisen 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.4
In this paper we introduce a system, called DJSON, which enables HTTP transport of Domain Name System traffic. DJSON enables re-encoding of the existing Domain Name System message format, so that it can traverse hostile territory with confidence without modifying the underlying Domain Name System design. In DJSON, Domain Name System messages are sent and received with a properly formatted HTML using a JSON encoding that allows bidirectional mapping to and from traditional Domain Name System transport encodings. This guarantees that interoperability is no worse than it is today. HTTP can be used to work around the problem where middle boxes have interoperability problems. DJSON aims to solve several real-world and operational problems. DJSON is designed to “bridge” Domain Name System across areas where Domain Name System packets might be mangled, deliberately modified or blocked. DJSON further aims to enable and address improved reliability, availability, and security. Detailed discussions, experiments run on a prototype of DJSON, and analysis show the effectiveness and relevance of our work.
Aziz Muhammad Safwan,Islam Shumaila,Rosli Muhammad Izz,Basar Norazah,Krishnan Ganesan,Duralim Maisarah,Harun Sulaiman Wadi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.39 No.-
Nonlinear optical properties of Coumarin-based compounds i.e., 3-acetyl-7-iethylaminocoumarin (C3) and 7-Ethylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (C500) is reported by Z-scan technique (Nd: YAG Continuous-wave 532 nm). The conventional C500 compound exhibited NLR properties in the order of n2 = 10–9, whereas the synthesized C3 compound manifested both NLR and NLA properties around n2 = 10–9 and β = 10–4, respectively. The results are obtained from different laser power PC500 = 0.10–0.18 W, while PC3 = 0.20–0.28 W. Both compounds provided excellent NLO attributes at consistent and stable outputs of open and closed-aperture signals, resulted in eminence of NLR and NLA values. The C3 compound is manifested reverse saturable absorption, optical limiting properties, and threshold at 0.3814 W. The exclusivity of NLR in C500 makes it suitable to develop as an optical switcher while synthesized C3 compound is more suitable as an optical limiter for safety.
Aziz, Arif Abdul,Ginting, Lorenz,Setiawan, Dedi,Park, Je Hyeon,Tran, Nguyen Minh,Yeon, Gyu Yang,Kim, Dong In,Choi, Kae Won IEEE 2019 IEEE Internet of things journal Vol.6 No.5
<P>We propose a battery-less location tracking system that enables 3-D positioning of an Internet of Things (IoT) device powered by the radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT). In the proposed system, a power beacon is equipped with a phased antenna array that has the dual purposes of high-efficiency WPT and phase-based accurate positioning. In order to enhance the efficiency of the RF WPT, we propose a beam focusing algorithm that dynamically controls the respective phases of antenna elements to place the focal point of the electro-magnetic (EM) wave onto the target IoT device. We also propose a phase-based positioning algorithm that requires only one multiantenna anchor point for determining the distance as well as the direction from the anchor point. We analyze the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the phase-based positioning with a single multiantenna anchor point, and show that the distance from the anchor point can be estimated as long as the IoT device lies within the radiative near-field region. We propose a joint location tracking and WPT algorithm that performs 3-D positioning and beam-focused WPT in a unified way. We have built a real-life testbed with a large-scale antenna array with 64 antenna elements for testing the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a real environment.</P>
SUBSTITUTION OPERATORS IN THE SPACES OF FUNCTIONS OF BOUNDED VARIATION BV<sup>2</sup><sub>α</sub>(I)
Aziz, Wadie,Guerrero, Jose Atilio,Merentes, Nelson Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.2
The space $BV^2_{\alpha}(I)$ of all the real functions defined on interval $I=[a,b]{\subset}\mathbb{R}$, which are of bounded second ${\alpha}$-variation (in the sense De la Vall$\acute{e}$ Poussin) on I forms a Banach space. In this space we define an operator of substitution H generated by a function $h:I{\times}\mathbb{R}{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$, and prove, in particular, that if H maps $BV^2_{\alpha}(I)$ into itself and is globally Lipschitz or uniformly continuous, then h is an affine function with respect to the second variable.