Genetics in natural polyploidy in loach

Arai, Katsutoshi 한국어류학회 1995 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.7 No.2

Loaches widely distribute in the Eurasian Continent and are important for food both in Japan and Korea. Chromosome manipulation including induction of gynogenesis, androgenesis, and polyploidy is powerful tool for potential applications in aquaculture as well as for basic genetic research. The loach Misgrunus anguillicaudatus in Japan has a diploid karyotype(2n=50), but a small number of natural polyploidy have been found. In diploid vertebrates, artificially induced gynogenesis and androgenesis normally give rise to inviable haploid embryos, In contrast, gynogenetic and androgenetic progeny generated by using gametes of the natural tetraploid loach with 100 chromosomes were viable without any treatments for chromosome duplication. The results conclusively demonstrate that the loach with 100 chromosomes is not an evolved-back diploidy, but a true tetraploidy with four sets of homologous chromosomes, The same conclusion was obtained in the tetraploid form of spinous loach Cobitis biwae. Triploid loach produced by hybridizations between normal diploids and natural tetraploids showed male - sterility. While, triploid females laid two sizes of eggs, large and small, and gave viable progeny after backcrossing to normal diploid loach and chromosome manipulation(induced gynogenesis by UV - irradiated spermatozoa and inhibition of the second polar body release by pressure shock). Cytogenetic and flowcytometric analyses on these progeny demonstrate that triploid loach produce 3n large and 1n small eggs. Multilocus - DNA - fingerprintind revealed clonal nature of gynogenetic triploids which were produced by fertilizing the large eggs with UV - irradiated spematozoa. This suggests involvement of unreduced oogenesis in the formation of the large eggs. Cytology and biochemical genetics are now underway to disclose mechanisms responsible for the small egg formation. Pentaploid females produced by inhibiting the polar body release after 4n × 2n hybridizations laid only 2n eggs with medium size. Pentaploid males produced very small number of aneuploid spermatozoa. Hexaploid loach were produced by inhibiting the polar body release after 4n × 4n crosses. Flowcytometry of the testes of hexaploid males showed formation of functuonal 3n spermatozoa. The presence of polyploid in the loach species suggests specially divierged sex determination mechanisms. Deviation of sex from the theoretical ratio was observed when the loach were reared in unusually high temperature.

In-line Automatic Defect Repair System for TFT-LCD Production

Arai, Takeshi,Nakasu, Nobuaki,Yoshimura, Kazushi,Edamura, Tadao The Korean Infomation Display Society 2009 Journal of information display Vol.10 No.4

An automated circuit repair system was developed for enhancing the yield of nondefective liquid crystal panels, focusing on the resist patterns on the circuit material layer of thin-film transistor (TFT) substrates prior to etching. The developed system has an advantage over the parallel conventional system: In the former, the repair conditions depend on the type of resist whereas in the latter, the repair parameters must be fine-tuned for each circuit material. The developed system consists of a resist pattern defect inspection system and a pattern repair system for short and open defects. The repair system performs fine corrections of abnormal areas of the resist pattern. The open-repair system is equipped with a syringe to dispense resist. To maintain a stable resist diameter, a thermal insulator was installed in the syringe system. As a result, the diameter of the dispensed resist became much more stable than when no thermal insulator was used. The resist diameter was kept within the target of $400{\pm}100{\mu}m$. Furthermore, a prototype system was constructed, and using a dummy pattern, it was confirmed that the system worked automatically and correctly.

Vortices, Q-balls and Domain Walls on Dielectric M2-branes

Arai, Masato,Montonen, Claus,Sasaki, Shin IOP Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2009 No.3

We study BPS solitons in &calN; = 6 U(<I>N</I>) × U(<I>N</I>) Chern-Simons-matter theory deformed by an F-term mass. The F-term mass generically breaks &calN; = 6 supersymmetry down to &calN; = 2. At vacua, M2-branes are polarized into a fuzzy <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP> forming a spherical M5-brane with topology <B>R</B><SUP>1,2</SUP> × <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP>. The polarization is interpreted as Myers' dielectric effect caused by an anti-self-dual 4-form flux <I>T</I><SUB>4</SUB> in the eleven-dimensional supergravity. Assuming a polarized M2-brane configuration, the model effectively reduces to the well-known abelian Chern-Simons-Higgs model studied in detail by Jackiw-Lee-Weinberg. We find that the potential for the fuzzy <I>S</I><SUP>3</SUP> radius agrees with the one calculated from the M5-brane point of view at large <I>N</I>. This effective model admits not only BPS topological vortex and domain wall solutions but also non-topological solitons that keep 1/4 of the manifest &calN; = 2 supersymmetry. We also comment on the reduction of our configuration to ten dimensions.

Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States

Arai, Satoru,Song, Jin-Won,Sumibcay, Laarni,Bennett, Shannon N.,Nerurkar, Vivek R.,Parmenter, Cheryl,Cook, Joseph A.,Yates, Terry L.,Yanagihara, Richard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.13 No.9

<P>Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription–PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (<I>Blarina brevicauda</I>) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.</P>

Development of a Small Isotonic Ozone Water Generator

Arai K,Hosoya M,Sasao M,Akashi Y,Hirose H,Yoneyama T,Tamaki T,Miyazaki T,Ando N 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Middle Ear Fluid and Nasopharynx of Children with Acute Otitis Media Exhibit Phase Variation

Arai, J.,Hotomi, M.,Hollingshead, S.K.,Ueno, Y.,Briles, D.E.,Yamanaka, N. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2011 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.49 No.4

근대 오노매토피어의 형태와 의미를 중심으로 한 고찰 -근세부터 현대까지의 변천과정을 중심으로-

( Arai Rie ) 한국일어교육학회 2012 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.23

본 논문은 근세부터 현대에 걸- 形態的意味的으로 변화해간 오노매토피어를 근세부터 근대와 근대부터 현대로 나누어서 고찰하였다. 우선 근세부터 근대로의 변천과정은 근세어와 형태가 다른 것을 고찰한 바 「り」가 탈락한 것과, 모음교환과, 合拗音의 直音化가 보였다. 또한 근세어와 의미가 다른 것으로는 「どつさり」「ぎつしり」「むしやくしや」를 중심으로 현대 의미로 변화해 가는 과정을 고찰하였다. 다음으로, 근대에서 보여 지는 擬情語의 특징에 대해서는 근세의 작품가운데에서 발췌한 擬情語의 異なり語數는 13 인 것에 비해 근대문학작품 가운데 오노매토피어를 풍부하게 사용하고 있는 德田秋聲의 4 작품에서 사용되어지는 擬情語의 異なり語數는 23으로 증가하고 있는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 즉, 근세부터 근대의 시대의 흐름에 따라 擬情語의 어휘수도 증가하고 현대어에 비슷해지고 있는 것을 알 수 가 있었다. 또한 근대에서 독자적인 의미범위를 가지고 있었던 「わくわく」에 대해서 긍정적인의미, 부정적인 의미, 중립의 의미, 떨리는 모양의 4가지의 의미범위로 사용되어지는 것을 예문을 통해 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 현대어로의 변천과정에서는 현대어와 형태가 다른 것에 대해서는 근대부터 현대에 걸- 형태가 변화한 오노매토피어를 고찰하고, 또한 의미적 고찰에서는 독자의 의미범위를 지닌 「まじまじ」를 예로 고찰한바, 근세부터 이어지고 있는 「まじまじ」「もじもじ」의 의미와 형태의 혼동이 근대에도 아직 계속되어있는 것을 확인하였다. 本論文は近世から現代にかけて形態的意味的に變化していったオノマトペを、近世から近代と、近代から現代に分けて考察したものである。まず、近世から近代への移り變わりでは近世語と形態が異なるものを考察したところ、「り」の脫落を遂げたもの、母音交換したもの、合拗音の直音化したものが見られた。また近世語と意味が異なるものにおいては「どつさり」「ぎつしり」「むしやくしや」を中心に現代の意味に變化していく過程を考察できた。次に、近代に見られる擬情語の特徵においては、近世の作品の中から拔き出した擬情語の異なり語數は13語なのに對して、近代の文學作品の中でもオノマトペを豊富に使っているとされている德田秋聲の四作品の中で使われている擬情語の異なり語數は23語で增加しているのがわかった。つまり、近世から近代の時代の流れにつれて擬情語の語彙數も增えて、現代語に近づいているのが考察できた。また近代の中で獨自の意味範圍をもっていた「わくわく」についてプラスの意味、マイナスの意味、中立の意味、震える樣子の4つの意味範圍で使われたことを例文を通じて考察した。最後に近代から現代語への移り變わりでは、現代語と形態が異なるものにおいては、近代から現代にかけて形態が變化したオノマトペを考察し、また意味的考察では、獨自の意味範圍をもっていた「まじまじ」を例に考察したところ、近世から續いている「まじまじ」「もじもじ」の意味と形態の混同が近代にもまだ續いていることが確認できた。

Effects of unparticles on top spin correlation at the Large Hadron Collider

Arai, Masato,Okada, Nobuchika,Smolek, Karel American Physical Society 2009 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.79 No.7

Quality assurance and regulation of Kampo medicines

ARAI Ichiro 大韓藥學會 2012 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2012 No.1

Effect of the settings of electrospray deposition method on the structure and performance of the fuel cell catalyst layer

Arai Hikaru,Asami Koki,Ito Hajime,Katayama Noboru 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.39 No.-

Catalyst layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are formed by electrospray deposition (ESD) method. The cathode catalyst layers are formed and characterized by varying the settings of the system, such as flow rate, applied voltage and the distance between the capillary and the substrate. The dryness of the aggregates during deposition is evaluated using the Damkh¨oler number (Da), and the structure of the catalyst layer is observed using SEM, which shows that the catalyst layer is porous when dry and non-porous when insufficiently dry. In the case of insufficient drying, the structure changed significantly depending on the position. Single cell tests show that the maximum power density varies from 105 to 253 mWcm-2 depending on the settings, even with the same catalyst ink and the same amount of platinum. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the charge transfer and mass transport resistances tend to decrease with increase in Da.