The First Positive Rank and Crank Moments for Overpartitions

Andrews, G.,Chan, S. H.,Kim, B.,Osburn, R. Birkhaeuser Verlag AG 2016 Annals of Combinatorics Vol.20 No.2

<P>In 2003, Atkin and Garvan initiated the study of rank and crank moments for ordinary partitions. These moments satisfy a strict inequality. We prove that a strict inequality also holds for the first rank and crank moments of overpartitions and consider a new combinatorial interpretation in this setting.</P>

Points to consider in the development of seed stocks of pluripotent stem cells for clinical applications: International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI).

Andrews, P W,Baker, D,Benvinisty, N,Miranda, B,Bruce, K,Brü,stle, O,Choi, M,Choi, Y-M,Crook, J M,de Sousa, P A,Dvorak, P,Freund, C,Firpo, M,Furue, M K,Gokhale, P,Ha, H-Y,Han, E,Haupt, S,Healy, L,H Future Medicine 2015 Regenerative medicine Vol.10 No.2

Typhoid conjugate vaccines: a new tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance

Andrews, Jason R,Baker, Stephen,Marks, Florian,Alsan, Marcella,Garrett, Denise,Gellin, Bruce G,Saha, Samir K,Qamar, Farah Naz,Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir,Bogoch, Isaac I,Antillon, Marina,Pitzer, Virgini ELSEVIER 2019 LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.19 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease responsible for an estimated 12–20 million illnesses and over 150 000 deaths annually. In March, 2018, a new recommendation was issued by WHO for the programmatic use of typhoid conjugate vaccines in endemic countries. Health economic analyses of typhoid vaccines have informed funding decisions and national policies regarding vaccine rollout. However, by focusing only on averted typhoid cases and their associated costs, traditional cost-effectiveness analyses might underestimate crucial benefits of typhoid vaccination programmes, because the potential effect of typhoid vaccines on the treatment of patients with non-specific acute febrile illnesses is not considered. For every true case of typhoid fever, three to 25 patients without typhoid disease are treated with antimicrobials unnecessarily, conservatively amounting to more than 50 million prescriptions per year. Antimicrobials for suspected typhoid might therefore be an important selective pressure for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance globally. We propose that large-scale, more aggressive typhoid vaccination programmes—including catch-up campaigns in children up to 15 years of age, and vaccination in lower incidence settings—have the potential to reduce the overuse of antimicrobials and thereby reduce antimicrobial resistance in many bacterial pathogens. Funding bodies and national governments must therefore consider the potential for broad reductions in antimicrobial use and resistance in decisions related to the rollout of typhoid conjugate vaccines.</P>

Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Ti, Zr, and Hf Dihydride Phosphinidene and Arsinidene Molecules

Andrews, Lester,Cho, Han-Gook ACS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.55 No.17

<P>Laser ablated Ti, Zr, and Hf atoms react with phosphine during condensation in excess argon or neon at 4 K to form metal hydride insertion phosphides (H2P-MH) and metal dihydride phosphinidenes (HP=MH2) with metal phosphorus double bonds, which are characterized by their intense metal-hydride stretching frequencies. Both products are formed spontaneously on annealing the solid matrix samples, which suggests that both products are relaxed from the initial higher energy M-PH3 intermediate complex, which is not observed. B3LYP (DFT) calculations show that these phosphinidenes are strongly agostic with acute H-P=M angles in the 60 degrees range, even smaller than those for the analogous methylidenes (carbenes) (CH2=MH2) and in contrast to the almost linear H-N=Ti subunit in the imines (H-N=TiH2). Comparison of calculated agostic and terminal bond lengths and covalent bond radii for HP=TiH2 with computed bond lengths for Al2H6 finds that these strong agostic Ti-H bonds are 18% longer than single covalent bonds, and the bridged bonds in dialane are 10% longer than the terminal Al-H single bonds, which show that these agostic bonds can also be considered as bridged bonds. The analogous arsinidenes (HAs=MH2) have 4 smaller agostic angles and almost the same metal-hydride stretching frequencies and double bond orders. Calculations with fixed H-P-Ti and H-As-Ti angles (170.0 degrees) and C-s symmetry find that electronic energies increased by 36 and 44 kJ/mol, respectively, which provide estimates for the agostic/bridged bonding energies.</P>

What Will 5G Be?

Andrews, Jeffrey G.,Buzzi, Stefano,Choi, Wan,Hanly, Stephen V.,Lozano, Angel,Soong, Anthony C. K.,Zhang, Jianzhong Charlie IEEE 2014 IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol.32 No.6

<P>What will 5G be? What it will <I>not</I> be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.</P>

Assessment of Nutrient Flows and Balances in Smallholder Cereal-legume-livestock Farms in the Dry Savannas of West Africa

Andrews Opoku,Robert Abaidoo,Ebenezer Safo,Maman Nouri 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Early overcounting in otoliths: a case study of age and growth for gindai (Pristipomoides zonatus) using bomb ¹⁴C dating

Andrews, Allen H,Scofield, Taylor R. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2021 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.24 No.1

Gindai (Pristipomoides zonatus) is one of six snappers in a management complex called the Deep 7 of the Hawaiian Islands. Little is known about its life history and a preliminary analysis of otolith thin sections indicated the species may exhibit moderate growth with a lifespan approaching 40 years. Preliminary age estimates from the previous study were reinvestigated using the same otolith sections in an attempt to validate those ages with bomb radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating. From the misalignment of birth years for the otolith ¹⁴C measurements with regional references - the post-peak bomb ¹⁴C decline period - it was concluded that previous ages were inflated from overcounting of the earliest growth zone structure in otolith sections. The oldest gindai was re-aged to 26 years once the age reading was adjusted for early overcounting, 13 years younger than the original estimate of 39 years for this fish. In general, the earliest otolith growth of gindai was massive and complicated by numerous subannual checks. The approach of lumping the early growth structures was supported by the alignment of ¹⁴C measurements from otolith core material (first year of growth). The result was greater consistency of calculated birthdates with the ¹⁴C decline reference, along with minor offsets that may indicate age estimation was imprecise by a few years for some individuals. The revised von Bertalanffy growth function applied to the validated age-at-length estimates revealed more rapid growth (k = 0.378 cf. 0.113) and a lifespan of approximately 30 years. The findings presented here are a case study of how the bomb ¹⁴C decline period can be used as a tool in the refinement of age reading protocols.

LITERATURE VERSUS DOGMA

ANDREWS, REX 이화여자대학교 동서교육연구소 1984 East west education Vol.5 No.2

It seems to be the case that authoritarian dogma-ridden or ideology-ridden societies find and define their collective shadows in terms of what is collectively repressed. Seven-teenth century Salem objectified it in witchcraft, McCarthyite America in ‘reds under the beds’, Communist Russia in ‘bourgeois capitalist decadence’, and so on. This is clearly an over-simplification of a complex phenomenon, but the principle is demonstrated. In a liberal democratic society, the need for objectifying a collective shadow in this way is reduced by the increase in individual autonomy. But there is no escaping the need for autonomous individuals to recognize and come to terms with their own individual ‘shadow’ for maximum mental health. And literature, through its symbolic representation of various states of mind with %kick we are invited to identify, is a chief means of achieving this. There is also a need in any society which professes a belief in democracy to be on the alert to resist those shadowy social forces which are always ready, under the shelter of some oversimplifying dogma, to project their own collective shadow onto a convenient scapegoat either within or beyond their borders. Here again imaginative literature has the important function of reminding us that the mysterious uniqueness of every individual makes nonsense of stereotyping classification while(paradoxically) our shared humanity makes it immoral. It is fortunate perhaps that imaginative story-telling and poetry is not entirely dependent upon the book, given the UNESCO estimate that ‘in 1980 there will still be 820 million adult illiterates and a world adult illiteracy rate of 29 percent (6)’. It is possible, given the dogma-ridden state of our world, that an escalation of imaginative literature might prove a better defence for mankind than the three tons of high explosive per head already prepared for the protection of literates and illiterates alike. Whether we make of our world ‘a land of dreams’ or of nightmares lies beyond our individual competence; but teachers and parents have a responsibility to ‘travel hopefully’, and to encourage the development of the self-knowledge and autonomy, imagination, empathy and mutual understanding without which hope would be futile. In this endeavour, although it is no panacea, literature can be a help.

Threshold voltage drifts in silicon nitride chemfets

Andrews, M.K.,S Ko 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Much has been written about the response times and hysteresis effects of chemfets, but there is less information on long term drift performance, which is an aspect which will significantly affect their general acceptance. To investigate this, CV measurements were done on model gate systems comprising buffer/nitride-oxide/silicon over times of hundreds of hours. We show that the flat-band voltage of this system drifts systematically positive at 1-2 mv/day for both p and n-silicon, due to a build-up of negative charge at the liquid interface. SIMS analysis shows that the initial drift, particularly at high pH, is probably due to charged metal complexes forming on the surface. The longer term drift is electrochemical in origin. It occurs for both p and n silicon, and is related to the electric field across the gate dielectric.

The odd moments of ranks and cranks

Andrews, G.E.,Chan, S.H.,Kim, B. Academic Press 2013 Journal of combinatorial theory. Series A Vol.120 No.1

In this paper, we modify the standard definition of moments of ranks and cranks such that odd moments no longer trivially vanish. Denoting the new k-th rank (resp. crank) moments by N@?<SUB>k</SUB>(n) (resp. M@?<SUB>k</SUB>(n)), we prove the following inequality between the first rank and crank moments:M@?<SUB>1</SUB>(n)>N@?<SUB>1</SUB>(n). This inequality motivates us to study a new counting function, ospt(n), which is equal to M@?<SUB>1</SUB>(n)-N@?<SUB>1</SUB>(n). We also discuss higher order moments of ranks and cranks. Surprisingly, for every higher order moments of ranks and cranks, the following inequality holds:M@?<SUB>k</SUB>(n)>N@?<SUB>k</SUB>(n). This extends F.G. Garvan@?s result on the ordinary moments of ranks and cranks.