敎理-武器 開發의 協同作用

Andrew E. Andrews,정국본 해군대학 1983 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.23

Slide Session : OS-END-47 ; Endocrinology : Denosumab-Associated Hypocalcaemia: Incidence, Se-verity and Patient Characteristics in a Tertiary Hospital Setting

( Andrew Huynh ),( Scott Baker ),( Andrew Stewardson ),( Douglas Johnson ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Denosumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL), reduces bone turnover via inhibition of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis and is used in the management of osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. While hypocalcaemia complicating denosumab treatment has been reported, the real world incidence, clinical and biochemical risk factors are not fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the incidence of denosumab-associated hypocalcaemia (DAH) and identify relevant clinical and investigation features. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational audit of patients administered denosumab (60mg/120mg) over a 12 month period at a tertiary hospital in Australia. Data collected: denosumab dosage and indication, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, parathyroid hormone, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), nadir and duration of hypocalcaemia (albumin adjusted serum calcium concentration <2.15 mmol/L or ionised calcium <1.13 mmol/L upto 6 months post denosumab administration), calcium and colecalciferol pre- and post-administration of denosumab. The primary outcome was the incidence proportion of DAH. Results: Of 161 patients administered denosumab (106 osteoporosis, 55 bone metastases), 20 patients (12.4%, mean age 78.5 years, 11 male, 11 osteoporosis, 9 bone metastases) developed hypocalcaemia. Median calcium nadir was 2.06 mmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 1.81-2.11), with the median time to diagnosis 24.50 days (IQR 9.25-41.25). One patient required intravenous calcium gluconate treatment. 75% of affected patients had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration >50nmol/L and 90% of affected patients were on calcium or colecalciferol supplementation. DAH was associated with sex (27% males versus 8% females, p=0.004), but not age (8% under 60 years versus 13% aged 60 or more, p=0.74) or indication (16% with bone metastases versus 10% with osteoporosis, p=0.32). Conclusions: Denosumab-associated hypocalcaemia occurred in over 12% of patients in this population, despite wide use of appropriate calcium and colecalciferol supplementation.

The Korean Speech Act of Refusals:Sociopragmatic Analysis

Andrew Sangpil Byon 한국사회언어학회 2003 사회언어학 Vol.11 No.1

Byon, Andrew Sangpil. 2003. The Korean Speech Act of Refusals: Sociopragmatic Analysis. 사회언어학, 11(1). 외국어 습득에서의 화용론의 역할에 관한 관심이 높아지면서 중간 언어 화용론(jnterlanguage pragmatics)에 관한 연구가 최근 들어 많이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 영어를 모국어로 하는 KFL 학습자를 대상으로 한 중간 언어 화용론 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본고에서는 보다 활발한 한국어 중간 언어 화용론 연구를 위해 먼저 기존의 중간 언어적 화용론 자료 수집 방법론(data-gathering methodology)에 대해 논의하고 한국어를 이용한 written discourse completion task(DCT)를 Brown and Levinson(1987)의 두개의 사회적 변수인 power와 distance에 근거해서 개발하였다. 그 DCT를 이요해서 30명의 한국 대학생과 30명의 영어를 모국어로 하는 한국어 학습자의 한국어 거부 발화 행위를 비교 조사 분석 해 보았다. 그리고 모국어 전의 영향(L1 transfer effect)을 분석하기 위해 30명의 미국 대학생의 영어 거부 발화 행위를 조사하여 한국어 학습자의 결과와도 비교했다. 분석 결과로는, 먼저 12 종류의 거부의 주된 행위 전략(refusal head acts)과, 5종류의 거부 지지 행위 전략(refusal supportive move)을 사용하고 있음을 알아냈으며, 학습자의 한국어 거부 발호 행위에서 나타난 모국어 전이의 영향에 대해 논의했다. 그리고, 사회적 변수가 발호 행위에 미치는 영향을 Sohn(1986)의 수직론(hierarchicalism)과 간접론(indirectness)에 근거해서 한국 대학생과 학습자의 발화 행위를 설명했다. 본고의 결론에서는 이런 연구 결과들을 실제로 한국어 중간 언어 화용론 연구와 외국어로의 한국어 교육에 어떤 식으로 반영시켜야 할 지를 논의했다.

앤드루 로저스

앤드루 로저스(Andrew Rogers) 현대건축사 2017 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.215

Synthesis of Host Polymers and Guests for Electrophosphorescence

Andrew B. Holmes,Khai Leok Chan,Sung Yong Cho,Nicholas R. Evans,Andrew C. Grimsdale,Nicholas R. Evans,Chris S. K. Mak,Scott E. Watkins 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

Short-Term Study on the Effects of Rosemary on Cognitive Function in an Elderly Population

Andrew Pengelly,James Snow,Simon Y. Mills,Andrew Scholey,Keith Wesnes,Leah Reeves Butler 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has traditional reputations that justify investigation for a potential role in reducing widespread cognitive decline in the elderly. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, repeated-measures crossover study was conducted to investigate possible acute effects of dried rosemary leaf powder on cognitive performance. Twenty-eight older adults (mean age, 75 years) were tested using the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment system 1, 2.5, 4, and 6hours following a placebo and four different doses of rosemary. Doses were counterbalanced, and there was a 7-day washout between visits. There was a biphasic dose-dependent effect in measures of speed of memory: the lowest dose (750mg) of rosemary had a statistically significant beneficial effect compared with placebo (P= .01), whereas the highest dose (6,000mg) had a significant impairing effect (P< .01). There were significant deleterious effects on other measures of cognitive performance, although these were less consistent. Speed of memory is a potentially useful predictor of cognitive function during aging. The positive effect of the dose nearest normal culinary consumption points to the value of further work on effects of low doses over the longer term.

The Onset of Convection in an Inclined Porous Layer Heated from Below

D. Andrew S. Rees,Andrew P. Bassom 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.4 No.1

Student Attitudes toward English as a Lingua Franca Use to Teach a Third Language

Andrew Garth 한국외국어교육학회 2018 Foreign languages education Vol.25 No.2

This study examines student opinions into teacher use of English as a lingua franca as a second language to teach a third language. This research focuses on student recognition of the benefits of specific teacher uses of English as a lingua franca, student preferences of specific teacher uses of English as a lingua franca, and potential attitudinal effects of teacher use of English as a lingua franca. Thirty eight Korean university students participated in this study by completing a questionnaire. The data were analyzed through Mann Whitney U tests, a Borda count, chi-squared goodness of fit tests, and descriptive statistics. The results revealed students held the different uses in a similar and positive light but did not prefer uses that perform a social function. The results also showed students did not perceive of much positive attitudinal benefit (anxiety, connection to the teacher, and motivation). Nor did the students indicate teacher use of English as a lingua franca causes the students to lose face or feel that their mother tongue is disrespected. Classroom implications and limitations are discussed.

Bile Reflux Gastropathy and Functional Dyspepsia

( Andrew Lake ),( Satish S C Rao ),( Sebastian Larion ),( Helena Spartz ),( Sravan Kavuri ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.3

Background/Aims The pathoetiology of functional dyspepsia remains unclear; one mechanism could be chemical gastropathy from chronic bile reflux. We aim to examine the association of bile reflux gastropathy with functional dyspepsia and identify predisposing factors. Methods In a retrospective study, patients with functional dyspepsia (Rome III) who completed symptom assessment, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and biopsies were categorized into 3 groups; bile gastropathy (BG), non-bile gastropathy (NBG), and no gastropathy (NG). Demographics, symptoms, endoscopy, and motility data were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis identified clinical factors associated with BG. Results Of 262 patients (77.5% female), 90 had BG, 121 had NBG, and 51 had NG. Baseline demographics were similar, however, patients with BG reported significantly more severe abdominal pain than NBG or NG groups (P = 0.018). Gastric erythema was significantly more common in BG vs NBG groups (P < 0.001). Cholecystectomy was significantly associated (OR, 6.6; P = 0.003) with the presence of gastropathy in BG compared to NBG or NG group. Patients with cholecystectomy had significantly more severe abdominal pain (P < 0.05), gastric erythema (P < 0.03), and gastritis (P < 0.05), and were more likely to be prescribed narcotic medications (P < 0.004) than patients without cholecystectomy. Conclusions Bile reflux gastropathy is associated with functional dyspepsia and causes more severe symptoms. Cholecystectomy predisposes to BG and abnormal pain, and could contribute to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:400-407)

The pragmatics of the Khalkha Mongolian modal particle ??? and its descriptions in textbooks for English speakers

Andrew E. Shimunek 한국몽골학회 2005 몽골학 Vol.0 No.19

There exist a number of textbooks in English for learning Khalkha Mongolian, including A Mongolian Grammar (Whymant 1926), Mongol Reader (Austin 1963), Modern Mongolian: A Primer and Reader (Bosson 1963), Mongolian Newspaper Reader (Montgomery 1969), Basic Course in Mongolian (Hangin 1987), Intermediate Mongolian (Hangin 1968), A Textbook of Mongolian Language (Batbaatar & Nyamaa 2002), Mongolian Newspaper Cuttings (Bat-Ireedi 2003), and Modern Mongolian: A Course-Book (Gaunt 2004), among others. In their approach to teaching pragmalinguistic aspects of the language, such as modals and grammatical markers of politeness, these texts differ greatly, some of them lucidly explaining the pragmatic nuances of modal verbs, modal constructions, and the like, and others only giving a rough (and sometimes inaccurate) English rendering of the form in question. This paper aims to compare data from these texts, making corrections when necessary, further elucidating on under-described forms, and relate the findings to general theories of pragmatics and L2 (second language) pragmatic instruction.