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Sun, Nan,Andress, William F.,Woo, Kyoung-Ho,Ham, Don-Hee The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.3
We review three examples (an on-chip transmission line resonator [1], a phase-locked loop [2], and an analog-to-digital converter [3]) of design tradeoffs which can in fact be circumvented; the key in each case is that the parameters that seem to trade off with each other are actually separated in time or space. This paper is an attempt to present these designs in such a way that this common approach can hopefully be applied to other circuits. We note reader that this paper is not a new contribution, but a review in which we highlight the common theme from our published works [1-3]. We published a similar paper [4], which, however, used only two examples from [1] and [2]. With the newly added content from [3] in the list of our examples, the present paper offers an expanded scope.
Papillomaviruses and Human Genital Cancer
( Lutz Gissmann,Andress Kleinheinz,Magnus Von Knebeldoeberitz ) 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) represent a very heterogeneous group of epitheliotropic viruses (more than 50 different types have been identified so far). The 8 kbp circular genomes of several types have been sequenced and were shown to be of similar organization. They consist of an early as well as a late region each carrying 7 and 2 open reading frames, respectively. In addition there is a non-coding region of approximately 1 kbp in size which contains the cis-elements for virus replication and regulation of transcription. Papillomaviruses induce benign lesions (warts, papillomas, condylomata etc.) in skin or mucosa. In addition, some of the HPV types are associated with malignant tumors, i.e. certain types of skin cancer and tumors of the ano-genital tract. The best studied system is the correlation between cancer of the uterine cervix and HPV type 16 and 18. Although a causal relationship between virus and tumor cannot be proven formally in a human system, there is good evidence that these viruses are causatively involved in tumor development rather than being innocent passengers in the cancer cells. 1. Early viral genes are expressed in tumor cells and this activity is maintained in cervical carcinoma cell lines for many years. 2. Transforming activity of these genes in vitro could be demonstrated in different cells. Experiments including the use of anti-sense RNA complementary to early papillomavirus genes will be presented which suggest that the expression of early viral genes is required not only initially in the establishment of malignant growth but is constantly needed to maintain the transformed phenotype. In addition, the role of co-factors in the development of cervical cancer and some future aspects of diagnosis, treatment and prevention will be discussed.
Nan Sun,William F. Andress,Kyoungho Woo,Donhee Ham 대한전자공학회 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.3
We review three examples (an on-chip transmission line resonator [1], a phase-locked loop [2], and an analog-to-digital converter [3]) of design tradeoffs which can in fact be circumvented; the key in each case is that the parameters that seem to trade off with each other are actually separated in time or space. This paper is an attempt to present these designs in such a way that this common approach can hopefully be applied to other circuits. We note reader that this paper is not a new contribution, but a review in which we highlight the common theme from our published works [1-3]. We published a similar paper [4], which, however, used only two examples from [1] and [2]. With the newly added content from [3] in the list of our examples, the present paper offers an expanded scope.