Part 1. Political And Economic Development In Korea And Hungary : Basic Issues of the Economic Reform in Eastern Europe -Chapter 6

( Andras Hernadi ) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 1990 East and West Studies Series Vol.10 No.-

Current Status of Oncothermia Therapy for Lung Cancer

Andras Szasz 대한흉부외과학회 2014 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.47 No.2

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it has the highest death rate. Oncothermia is a feasible and successful treatment for lung cancer. Results show a remarkable survival benefit for patients, with a good quality of life. The treatment has no, or in some cases mild, side-effects and could decrease the adverse effects of the complementary treatment. Applying oncothermia together with other treatment methods could increase the effects and result in better performance. A comparison of studies demonstrates a good correspondence in the data, which strengthens the reliability of the studies, and clearly shows the feasibility of the application of oncothermia to treating all kinds of pulmonary malignancies including non-small-cell and small-cell primary tumors, and all of the metastatic diseases of the pulmonary system.

HUNGARIAN LESSONS FOR NORTH KOREA’S ECONOMIC TRANSITION

Andras Hernadi 통일연구원 2002 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.11 No.2

The paper below aims at introducing the example of Hungary, a country that has started its transitionary period much before 1989, to readers in Korea, North and South alike. Needless to say, policy makers in the North can draw more lessons from it, as it is to show how an economy under the system of central planning and then an organic part of the socialist world managed to move towards an open market economy by introducing its new economic mechanism (NEM). At the same time, specialists in South Korea, working on reunification, can get some information what can be expected to happen in the North on the way leading there. The author points out at the beginning that he does not believe in copying other countries’ examples, but he thinks there are certain elements in various development paths which might be worth while considering. To put it in another way, it is no good to try to ‘invent’ something that has been tried by others already. As opposed to the cliches often referred to in technological development, i.e. latecomers have the advantage of copying or, to put it in a nicer way, making use of or incorporating the knowledge accumulated by others, in economic and social development this strategy or tactics might not be fully true. Here it is the early starters that enjoy the advan- tages even if they have to carry some extra burdens as well. In Hungary, to increase the low efficiency of the economy, the government ordered a change from above. The main goal was to replace the rigidity of centralized command and to delegate power, in fact the right and the courage to make decisions, to individual enterprises. The changes had to be done very slowly, carefully and diplomatically. To begin with, the paper summarizes the gist of these reforms, and then gives a detailed analysis of the changes which were introduced in the framework of the NEM. The decisions regarding the changes in the system had been preceded by research studies, detailed and comprehensive discussions regarding several aspects and phenomena of Hungarian economic development. These studies and discussions revealed some causes and deficiencies and raised a number of reasonable propositions for their elimination. Of all these efforts, some generally accepted conclusions have resulted, which are also given by the author. A special part of the paper deals with Janos Kornai’s, the world famous Hungarian economist, general evaluation of the reform, and reviews extensively his statements regarding the non-state sector as written by him almost two decades later. In Kornai’s view, the most spectacular trend of the Hungarian reform process was the growth of the private sector. The formal part of it employed mainly craftsmen, construction contractors, shopkeepers, and restaurant owners, who either worked alone or were assisted by their family members or a few hired employees. Kornai coined their activity the legalization of ‘small capitalism.’ In the next sub-chapter, the author gives his views on some of the most important dilemmas countries face on the road of transition. His answer to almost all of them is not an either-or type solution, rather a mixed one. This is not only to express his feelings that finding compromises, making decisions on a consensus basis are absolute musts in democratic politics (in the widest sense of the word), but also to reflect the experiences gathered so far by the countries which have already taken this path of development. The dilemmas he touches upon are autarky vs. globalism, similar vs. different sizes in economic groupings, shock therapy vs. gradualism, reforms from above vs. from below, and the role of the market vs. that of the state. The author finishes his paper by calling the attention of readers to some problematic sides of liberalization. He point out that the experience of Hungary shows that a consensus-based ‘censorship’, combined with self restrai... The paper below aims at introducing the example of Hungary, a country that has started its transitionary period much before 1989, to readers in Korea, North and South alike. Needless to say, policy makers in the North can draw more lessons from it, as it is to show how an economy under the system of central planning and then an organic part of the socialist world managed to move towards an open market economy by introducing its new economic mechanism (NEM). At the same time, specialists in South Korea, working on reunification, can get some information what can be expected to happen in the North on the way leading there. The author points out at the beginning that he does not believe in copying other countries’ examples, but he thinks there are certain elements in various development paths which might be worth while considering. To put it in another way, it is no good to try to ‘invent’ something that has been tried by others already. As opposed to the cliches often referred to in technological development, i.e. latecomers have the advantage of copying or, to put it in a nicer way, making use of or incorporating the knowledge accumulated by others, in economic and social development this strategy or tactics might not be fully true. Here it is the early starters that enjoy the advan- tages even if they have to carry some extra burdens as well. In Hungary, to increase the low efficiency of the economy, the government ordered a change from above. The main goal was to replace the rigidity of centralized command and to delegate power, in fact the right and the courage to make decisions, to individual enterprises. The changes had to be done very slowly, carefully and diplomatically. To begin with, the paper summarizes the gist of these reforms, and then gives a detailed analysis of the changes which were introduced in the framework of the NEM. The decisions regarding the changes in the system had been preceded by research studies, detailed and comprehensive discussions regarding several aspects and phenomena of Hungarian economic development. These studies and discussions revealed some causes and deficiencies and raised a number of reasonable propositions for their elimination. Of all these efforts, some generally accepted conclusions have resulted, which are also given by the author. A special part of the paper deals with Janos Kornai’s, the world famous Hungarian economist, general evaluation of the reform, and reviews extensively his statements regarding the non-state sector as written by him almost two decades later. In Kornai’s view, the most spectacular trend of the Hungarian reform process was the growth of the private sector. The formal part of it employed mainly craftsmen, construction contractors, shopkeepers, and restaurant owners, who either worked alone or were assisted by their family members or a few hired employees. Kornai coined their activity the legalization of ‘small capitalism.’ In the next sub-chapter, the author gives his views on some of the most important dilemmas countries face on the road of transition. His answer to almost all of them is not an either-or type solution, rather a mixed one. This is not only to express his feelings that finding compromises, making decisions on a consensus basis are absolute musts in democratic politics (in the widest sense of the word), but also to reflect the experiences gathered so far by the countries which have already taken this path of development. The dilemmas he touches upon are autarky vs. globalism, similar vs. different sizes in economic groupings, shock therapy vs. gradualism, reforms from above vs. from below, and the role of the market vs. that of the state. The author finishes his paper by calling the attention of readers to some problematic sides of liberalization. He point out that the experience of Hungary shows that a consensus-based ‘censorship’, combined with self restrain, would have been very beneficial. In this regard, just as in...

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES IN EASTERN EUROPE AT THE END OF THE 1980s

Andras Hernadi 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 1989 MARXISM Vol.- No.-

Real-Time HIL Simulation of the Discontinuous Conduction Mode in Voltage Source PWM Power Converters

Andras Futo,Tamas Kokenyesi,Istvan Varjasi,Zoltan Sut?,Istvan Vajk,Attila Balogh,Gergely Gyorgy Balazs 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.6

Advances in FPGA technology have enabled fast real-time simulation of power converters, filters and loads. FPGA based HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) simulators have revolutionized control hardware and software development for power electronics. Common time step sizes in the order of 100ns are sufficient for simulating switching frequency current and voltage ripples. In order to keep the time step as small as possible, ideal switching function models are often used to simulate the phase legs. This often produces inferior results when simulating the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and disabled operational states. Therefore, the corresponding measurement and protection units cannot be tested properly. This paper describes a new solution for this problem utilizing a discrete-time PI controller. The PI controller simulates the proper DC and low frequency AC components of the phase leg voltage during disabled operation. It also retains the advantage of fast real-time execution of switch-based models when an accurate simulation of high frequency junction capacitor oscillations is not necessary.

Affect of the Nutrient Supply on the Yield and the Pathological Parameters of the Sunflower Hybrids

Andras Szabo 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

From Geometrical Foundations of NN-Research to Lead-Roles in Silicon Valley Information Industry , in Flight Control and Infohighway Interface

Andras J. Pellionisz 대한전자공학회 1994 ICONIP : International Conference On Neural Inform Vol.3 No.2

From Geometrical Foundations of NN-Research to Lead Roles in Silicon Valley Information Industry in Flight control and Infohighway Interface

Andras J. Pelionisz 대한전자공학회 1994 ICONIP : International Conference On Neural Inform Vol.3 No.1

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Renal VX-2 Carcinoma: Ethiodol-Ethanol Capillary Embolization Combined with Carboplatin

Andras Konya,최병길,Carolyn S. Van Pelt,Kenneth C. Wright 대한영상의학회 2007 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.8 No.2

Objective: We wanted to determine whether transcatheter Ethiodol-based capillary embolization in combination with carboplatin could improve the efficiency of a 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) to ablate kidneys that been inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The right kidney in 34 New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with fresh VX-2 tumor fragments. One week later, the kidneys were subjected to transarterial treatment (4 5 rabbits/group): Saline infusion (Group 1); carboplatin infusion (5 or 10 mg, Groups 2A and 2B); carboplatin- Ethiodol (CE) alone (Group 3) and followed by main renal artery occlusion with ethanol (RAO) (Group 4); carboplatin-EEM (C-EEM) followed by RAO (Group 5); carboplatin infusion followed by EEM plus RAO (Group 6); and EEM followed by RAO (Group 7). The animals were followed for up to 3-weeks. The treated kidneys were evaluated angiographically and macroscopically. The kidneys that showed successful embolization macroscopically were entirely cut into serial sections, and these were examined microscopically. Histologically, the kidneys were evaluated on the basis of the residual tumor found in the serial sections. Results: The results obtained with carboplatin infusion alone (Groups 2A and 2B) and CE without RAO (Group 3) were similar to those of the control animals (Group 1). Kidneys from Groups 4 7 demonstrated macroscopically successful embolization with histologically proven complete renal parenchyma infarction; however, some residual tumor was evident in all but one animal. Conclusion: None of the Ethiodol-based modalities combined with locoregional carboplatin were more efficacious for tumor ablation than EEM alone.

Virus Infection of Tomato Plants in Hungary

Andras Takacs,Renata Matoczay,Gabriella Kazinczi,Jozsef Horvath 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-