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Nataraj, S.K.,Kim, B.H.,Yun, J.H.,Lee, D.H.,Aminabhavi, T.M.,Yang, K.S. Elsevier 2009 Materials science and engineering B. Advanced Func Vol.162 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with enhanced physical, thermal and morphological properties are desirable in many areas like catalyst support in fuel cells and supercapacitors as electrode material. This research addresses the effect of added nickel nitrate in 1, 3 and 5wt% into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor solution to produce CNF webs using electrospinning method. Based on the quantitative data obtained from field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, we can notice that CNFs were formed with diameters in the size range of 100–300nm after carbonization at 1000°C. Fiber diameter of the random CNFs was decreased by increasing the nickel nitrate contents along with dramatic improvements in porosity and specific surface areas. This study indicated that the optimal nickel nitrate concentration of 5wt% has produced CNFs with enhanced physical and thermo-chemical properties. The high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) showed an increase in intensity of 002 peak of the CNFs due to the catalytic function of nickel oxide in the carbonized web and these observations are in agreement with the thermal gravimetric data.</P>
Praveen B. Kajjari,Lata S. Manjeshwar,Tejraj M. Aminabhavi 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.2
Blend microspheres of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and bee wax (BW) were prepared by oil-in-water (o/w)emulsion/solvent evaporation method for investigating the controlled release (CR) of nateglinide (NTG),an antidiabetic drug with a plasma half-life of 1.5 h. The novel carrier was analyzed for surfacemorphology, particle size, drug–polymer interactions, physical state of the encapsulated drug andmicromeritic properties. In vitro release experiments were performed in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) andintestinal pH (7.4) media that was affected by blend composition and initial drug loading. In vitro releasedata were analyzed by empirical equations to understand the release profile of NTG
Electrospun Nanocomposite Fiber Mats of Zinc-Oxide Loaded Polyacrylonitrile
Nataraj, S.K.,Kim, B.H.,Yun, J.H.,Lee, D.H.,Aminabhavi, T.M.,Yang, K.S. Korean Carbon Society 2008 Carbon Letters Vol.9 No.2
We have demonstrated the feasibility of using electrospinning method to fabricate long and continuous composite nanofiber sheets of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO). Such PAN/ZnO composite nanofiber sheets represent an important step toward utilizing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as materials to achieve remarkably enhanced physico-chemical properties. In an attempt to derive these advantages, we have used a variety of techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) to obtain quantitative data on the materials. The CNFs produced are in the diameter range of 100 to 350 nm after carbonization at $1000^{\circ}C$. Electrical conductivity of the random CNFs was increased by increasing the concentration of ZnO. A dramatic improvement in porosity and specific surface area of the CNFs was a clear evidence of the novelty of the method used. This study indicated that the optimal ZnO concentration of 3 wt% is enough to produce CNFs having enhanced electrical and physico-chemical properties.
Kim, Ki Tae,Dao, Trung Dung,Jeong, Han Mo,Anjanapura, Raghu V.,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. Elsevier 2015 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.153 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Graphene was oxidized with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> to introduce additional anchoring sites for effective alumina coating on graphene by the sol–gel method. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed that the oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl group useful for coating were introduced by the oxidation. The transmission electron microscopy images and thermogravimetric analysis data demonstrated that the additional anchoring sites enhanced the efficiency of the alumina coating. A small amount of alumina-coated graphene synergistically improved the thermal conductivity of the alumina sphere/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite without any increase in the electrical conductivity, because the electrical conductivity of graphene effectively decreased by the alumina coating. Moreover, the synergistic effect of a small amount of graphene was enhanced by the alumina coating, and the stiffening of the alumina sphere/TPU composite due to the added graphene was alleviated by the alumina coating.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxidation of graphene with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> introduced anchoring sites for alumina coating. </LI> <LI> The anchoring sites improved the efficiency of alumina coating on graphene. </LI> <LI> The alumina-coated graphene synergistically enhanced the thermal conductivity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Vijaykumar, S.,Prasannkumar, S.,Sherigara, B.S.,Shelke, N.B.,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.,Reddy, B.S.R. The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.12
Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) comonomer with styrene (St), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and carboxyphenyl maleimide (CPMI) were synthesized by free radical polymerization using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator in 1,4-dioxane solvent. The copolymers formed were characterized by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR techniques and their thermal properties were studied by DSC and TGA. Copolymer composition was determined by $^1H$ NMR and/or by elemental analysis and monomer reactivity ratios (MRR) were estimated by the linear methods of Kelen-Tudos (K-T) and extended Kelen-Tudos (EK-T) and the non-linear approach. Copolymers of St and HPMA with NVP formed blocks of one of the monomer units, whereas alternating copolymers were obtained in CPMI-NVP, depending upon the side chain substitution. The MRR values are discussed in terms of monomer structural properties such as electronegativity and electron delocalization. The sequence distribution of monomers in the copolymers was studied by statistical method based on the average reactivity ratios obtained by EK-T method.
Dharupaneedi, Suhas P.,Anjanapura, Raghu V.,Han, Jeong M.,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. American Chemical Society 2014 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.53 No.37
<P>Pervaporation is an important alternative membrane separation process compared to the distillation technique, and a relatively high separation factor is required to lower the energy demand. Solution processable nanocomposite membranes prepared by incorporating functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) loaded in various concentrations into the chitosan matrix have been employed for the pervaporative dehydration of ethanol and isopropanol. Incorporation of FGS leads to an increase of surface hydrophilicity of the chitosan membranes along with an increase in membrane tortuosity that was favorable to the selective permeation of water molecules. The nanocomposite membrane containing 2.5 wt % FGS gave the highest selectivities of 7781 and 1093 for isopropanol–water and ethanol–water mixtures, respectively, when tested for 10 wt % water-containing feed mixture. Membranes were characterized by wide-angle XRD, SEM, contact angle, and optical profilometry techniques. The Flory–Huggins theory was employed to estimate the polymer–solvent interaction parameter. Diffusion values and Arrhenius activation energy parameters provided quantitative evidence for the observed increase in water selectivity at higher loading of FGS.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/iecred/2014/iecred.2014.53.issue-37/ie502751h/production/images/medium/ie-2014-02751h_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ie502751h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Nature engineered diatom biosilica as drug delivery systems
Uthappa, U.T.,Brahmkhatri, Varsha,Sriram, G.,Jung, Ho-Young,Yu, Jingxian,Kurkuri, Nikita,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.,Altalhi, Tariq,Neelgund, Gururaj M.,Kurkuri, Mahaveer D. Elsevier 2018 Journal of controlled release Vol.281 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Diatoms, unicellular photosynthetic algae covered with siliceous cell wall, are also called frustule. These are the most potential naturally available materials for the development of cost-effective drug delivery systems because of their excellent biocompatibility, high surface area, low cost and ease of surface modification. Mesoporous silica materials such as MCM–41 and SBA–15 have been extensively used in drug delivery area. Their synthesis is challenging, time consuming, requires toxic chemicals and are energy intensive, making the entire process expensive and non-viable. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative materials. Surprisingly, nature has provided some exciting materials called diatoms; biosilica is one such a material that can be potentially used as a drug delivery vehicle. The present review focuses on different types of diatom species used in drug delivery with respect to their structural properties, morphology, purification process and surface functionalization. In this review, recent advances along with their limitations as well as the future scope to develop them as potential drug delivery vehicles are discussed.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Electrospun Nanocomposite Fiber Mats of Zinc-Oxide Loaded Polyacrylonitrile
S.K. Nataraj,B.H. Kim,J.H. Yun,D.H. Lee,T.M. Aminabhavi,K.S. Yang 한국탄소학회 2008 Carbon Letters Vol.9 No.2
We have demonstrated the feasibility of using electrospinning method to fabricate long and continuous composite nanofiber sheets of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO). Such PAN/ZnO composite nanofiber sheets represent an important step toward utilizing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as materials to achieve remarkably enhanced physico-chemical properties. In an attempt to derive these advantages, we have used a variety of techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) to obtain quantitative data on the materials. The CNFs produced are in the diameter range of 100 to 350 nm after carbonization at 1000℃. Electrical conductivity of the random CNFs was increased by increasing the concentration of ZnO. A dramatic improvement in porosity and specific surface area of the CNFs was a clear evidence of the novelty of the method used. This study indicated that the optimal ZnO concentration of 3 wt% is enough to produce CNFs having enhanced electrical and physico-chemical properties.