Identification and characterization of the promoter of a gene expressing mainly in the tapetum tissue of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Kumar Paritosh,Amarjeet Kumar Singh,Amita Kush Mehrotra,Deepak Pental,Pradeep Kumar Burma 한국식물생명공학회 2018 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.12 No.6

Anther and tapetum-specific genes are important for understanding male gametophyte development, as well as for their use in the development of barnase/barstar-gene based male sterility and restorer system for hybrid seed production. An essential component of the system is the availability of tapetum-specific promoters. In the present study, anther-specific genes were identified in cotton using microarray-based differential expression analysis, some of which show expression specific to the anthers at a stage where tapetum tissue was fully developed. Validation of the identified genes using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization identified one novel gene (AEG—Anther Expressing Gene) encoding a putative lipid binding protein as having a tapetum-specific expression. Further, three paralogs of the gene were identified in the cotton genome out of which the gene AEG1 (Anther Expressing Gene1) was found to express in the tapetum layer. Analysis of transgenic plants developed in cotton using 1.5 Kb promoter region of the of AEG1 gene fused upstream to the reporter gene β-glucuronidase revealed a broad window of expression of the AEG1 promoter in the tapetum tissue from the tetrad stage of anthers till the degeneration of the tapetum cells. Low levels of expression were also observed in the root tissues. Expression was not observed in the stem and leaves. The broad window of expression of AEG1 promoter in the tapetum tissue makes it a suitable candidate for the expression of the barstar gene for effective fertility restoration in the barnase/barstar system.

Intraoperative refractory status epilepticus caused by propofol -a case report-

Kumar Abhyuday,Kumar Amarjeet,Kumar Neeraj,Kumar Ajeet 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.1

Background: Status epilepticus, when continued despite the administration of two antiepileptic drugs, is called refractory status epilepticus (RSE). The seizure-like phenomenon due to propofol is widely reported in the literature. However, RSE caused by propofol is rare and is a diagnostic dilemma. Case: A 44-year-old male patient presented with RSE during the intraoperative period and was under general anesthesia on propofol infusion. The seizure was resistant to benzodiazepines and phenytoin. Thereafter, the seizure subsided after the discontinuation of propofol infusion, and the patient was shifted to fentanyl and dexmedetomidine infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Conclusions: This article focuses on the management of intractable intraoperative seizure and highlights the need for the exploration of seizure characteristics caused by propofol.

Two-level bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for kyphosis corrective surgery - A case report -

Sinha Chandni,Kumar Amarjeet,Kumar Ajeet,Kumari Poonam,Agrawal Prabhat,SK Arun 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.17 No.3

Background: Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block has been used to provide lumbar analgesia. The craniocaudal spread of local anesthetic in this block can be unpredictable in patients with kyphosis due to backward curvature of the spine, which might prevent longitudinal spread. Case: This is a case of a 33-year-old male (60 kg) diagnosed with type 3b kyphosis of the thoracolumbar region at the level of L1 who underwent extended pedicle subtraction osteotomy. ESP block was administered at two different levels, one at T12 (above the angle of the kyphosis L1) and another at L3 (below the angle of kyphosis L1), as the curvature of kyphosis can hinder the longitudinal spread of local anesthetic. Conclusions: Two-level ESP block results in better craniocaudal spread of local anesthetic in a patient undergoing kyphosis correction surgery.

Strong Convergence Theorems by Modified Four Step Iterative Scheme with Errors for Three Nonexpansive Mappings

JHADE, PANKAJ KUMAR,SALUJA, AMARJEET SINGH Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.3

The aim of this paper is to prove strong convergence theorem by a modified three step iterative process with errors for three nonexpansive mappings in the frame work of uniformly smooth Banach spaces. The main feature of this scheme is that its special cases can handle both strong convergence like Halpern type and weak convergence like Ishikawa type iteration schemes. Our result extend and generalize the result of S. H. Khan, Kim and Xu and many other authors.

BURP domain-containing genes in legumes: genome-wide identification, structure, and expression analysis under stresses and development

Chitkara Pragya,Poddar Nikita,Singh Amarjeet,Kumar Shailesh 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.4

BURP domain-containing proteins are a plant-specific protein family which play an important role in plant metabolism and development. These proteins have also been involved in various abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this study, genome-wide identification and characterization of BURP domain protein encoding gene family is performed in four important legumes, Phaseolus vulgaris, Cicer arietinum, Cajanus cajan, and Vigna radiata. BURP genes were distributed randomly across chromosomes in all four legume plants. The phylogenetic analysis classified all BURP proteins into five major subfamilies, namely, USP-like, RD22-like, BNM2-like, PG1β-like, and BURPV. Our findings revealed that BURP gene family descended from common ancestors with segmental gene duplication events playing a critical role in their evolution and expansion in legumes. The intron–exon and conserved protein motifs analysis revealed that BURP genes are structurally conserved in legumes. The promoter analysis revealed the presence of hormone, and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in BURP promoters, implying that BURP functions in both hormone and abiotic stress signaling. Global expression analysis revealed that several BURP genes in all four legumes express differentially during plant development, and under biotic and abiotic stresses. This indicates crucial role of BURP proteins in regulating the development of legumes and adaptation to different abiotic/biotic stresses. This study will provide the starter for cloning and detail functional investigation of BURP proteins in legume crops.

Studies on immunomodulatory effect of endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata on Spodoptera litura

Harminder Preet Kaur,Bahaderjeet Singh,Abhinay Thakur,Amarjeet Kaur,Sanehdeep Kaur 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.1

Secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi have been known to suppress the immune response of various insects. Hence, we have investigated the effect of endophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata on cellular and humoral immune response of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Significant drop in total hemocyte count has been observed in the larvae fed on diet supplemented with ethyl acetate extract of A. alternata as compared to those fed on untreated or control diet devoid of ethyl acetate extract. Similarly differential hemocyte count of the larvae feeding on amended diet differed significantly from control. As compared to control significantly higher percentage of hemocytes exhibited abnormalities like aggregation, change in shape, extensive vacuolization and necrosis. The cytotoxic effect showed a dose dependent response which increased with time. A reduction in phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities was also observed. The data suggest that the secondary metabolites produced by A. alternata disabled several immunemechanisms of the insect. These studieswould help to identify the insect defenses that could be manipulated to accelerate host death due to fungal endophytes.

Changes in patterns of plastic surgery emergencies at a level I trauma center in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

( Veena Singh ),( Ansarul Haq ),( Sarsij Sharma ),( Sanjeev Kumar ),( Aditya Kumar ),( Amarjeet Kumar ),( Neeraj Kumar ),( Anil Kumar ) 대한외상학회 2022 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had major effects worldwide, including sudden and forceful setbacks to the healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to changes in the plastic and reconstructive management of emergency cases, including those due to road traffic accidents. This study analyzed changes in patterns of plastic surgery emergencies and modifications in consultation policies to minimize the exposure of healthcare workers. Methods: Data on plastic surgery emergency calls received from the trauma and emergency department were collected for a period of 2 months before and during lockdown. The data were then analyzed with respect to the cause, mechanism, and site of the injury, as well as other variables. Results: During lockdown, there was a 40.4% overall decrease in the plastic surgery emergency case volume (168 vs. 100). The average daily number of consultations before lockdown was 2.8 as compared to 1.6 during lockdown. Road traffic accidents remained the most common mechanism of injury in both groups (45.8% vs. 39.0%) but decreased in number during the lockdown (77 vs. 39). Household accidents, including burns, were the second most common cause of injury in both phases (7.7% vs. 20.0%), but their proportion increased significantly from 7.7.% to 20.0% in the lockdown phase (P=0.003). The percentage of minor procedures done in the emergency department increased from 53.5% to 72.0% during lockdown (P=0.002). Procedures in the operating room decreased by 73.1% during lockdown (67 vs. 18, P=0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown orders in India greatly influenced trends in traumatic emergencies as observed by the plastic surgery team at our tertiary care center. Amidst all the chaos and limitations of the pandemic period, providing safe and prompt care to the patients presenting to the emergency room was our foremost priority.