The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in Achieving Economic Goals of the Vision of Saudi Arabia 2030

Mohammed Ali Mohamed Ahmed ALI(Mohammed Ali Mohamed Ahmed ALI ),Ahmed Saied Rahama ABDALLAH(Ahmed Saied Rahama ABDALLAH ),SalimAhmed Mohamed AlSHEHRI(SalimAhmed Mohamed AlSHEHRI ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This research aims to identify the role that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can play in achieving the economic goals of the vision of Saudi Arabia 2030. The study relied on descriptive analysis, designing a standard model, and analyzing it using the Eviews9 program. The study also adopted the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study area covered Alkharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim governorates. The sample size of the study was 142 participants. The study’s results confirmed the existence of a significant impact of changes in independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4), which are (GDP, non-oil exports, number of employees, and public revenues), respectively. The dependent variable (Y) represents the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it was found that 61.3% of small and medium-sized enterprises in the governorates of Al-Kharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim operate in the commercial sector. Most study participants concur that SMEs significantly lowered the unemployment rate and helped boost the GDP rate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The obstacles and difficulties facing the establishment of these enterprises were financial problems, marketing problems, and corporate monopoly. Furthermore, most of the small and medium l enterprises faced financing problems.

Endophytic bacterial diversity of <i>Avicennia marina</i> helps to confer resistance against salinity stress in <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>

Ali, Amjad,Shahzad, Raheem,Khan, Abdul Latif,Halo, Boshera A.,Al-Yahyai, Rashid,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Al-Rawahi, Ahmed,Lee, In-Jung Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Journal of plant interactions Vol.12 No.1

<P>The current study aimed to explore the endophytic bacterial diversity of Avicennia marina and the potential roles of these endophytes in counteracting saline conditions in tomato plants. Molecular analysis revealed strains from Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Citrobacter, Lysinibacillus, Halomonas, Virgibacillus, Exiguobacterium, and Vibrio. However, Bacillus pumilus AM11 and Exiguobacterium sp. AM25 showed significantly higher growth in saline media. In response to salinity stress, tomato plants treated with AM11 and AM25 showed significantly higher (similar to 15-23%) biomass, photosynthetic rate and pigment accumulation compared to controls. Salinity-exposed plants had significantly reduced growth and increased (three-fold) lipid peroxidation, whilst glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase activities were significantly reduced. In contrast, AM11, AM25, and methionine improved these physiochemical attributes. The study concludes that the application of bacterial endophytes from plants growing in saline conditions can offer other plants similar stress-resistance potential. Such halophytic bacterial strains can be used to improve plant growth in saline conditions.</P>

Forest Management and Forest Resources in Bangladesh

Ahmed, Sheikh Ali,Chong, Song-Ho,Chun, Su-Kyoung,Kim, Jong-In Korea Furniture Society 2007 한국가구학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Total forest land in Bangladesh is about 2.5 million hectare which is 17% of total land area. Bangladeshi forest is mainly classified into three categories- 1) Hill forest 2) Sal forest and 3) Mangroves. This forest land area is decreasing day by day. But in past decayed due to some policies, the total forest land area is increasing slowly. By this planning both government and the local people in the community are being benefited. This paper mainly discussed about the past, present and future trend of forest condition, forest land uses, sustainable forest planning and forest management.

Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles induce developmental and physiological changes in the larval and pupal stages of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Ahmed M.A. Ibrahim,Ali M. Ali 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

The rapid growth of nanotechnology application in various fields of science led to need of understanding their possible effects on development and physiology of insects before using them as control agents. Instead of feeding on a toxic dose, the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 50–60 nm) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs, 10–30 nm) was studied at a nonlethal concentration on the larval stages of Spodoptera littoralis. Late second instar larvae of S. littoralis were treated with water, 10 mg/mL AgNPs and ZnONPs dipped castor leaves for 6 days. Both nanoparticles treated leaves caused reduction in both larval weight gain and pupal weight than water dipped leaves while ZnONPs only caused extended larval period. ZnONPs increased total hemocyte, granular cell and plasmatocyte counts while AgNPs increased plasmatocytes only. ZnONPs decreased the levels of protein, lipids and carbohydrates than control and AgNPs treated larvae. On the contrary, ZnONPs induced significant increase in the activities of amylase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), lipase as well as two antioxidative enzymes, the catalase and superoxide dismutase. These results clearly show that ZnONPs ingestion interfere with the digestive and immunological physiology as well as the development of S. littoralis.

Essential Oil Penetration Depth in Prunus sargentii Rehder

Ahmed, Sheikh Ali,Hong, Seong-Du,Chun, Su-Kyoung Korea Furniture Society 2007 한국가구학회지 Vol.18 No.4

An experiment was conducted to know the essential oil penetration depth in radial and longitudinal direction of Prunus sargentii. Oil penetration depth was found greater than radial flow depth. Vessel conducted oil more than wood fiber. In radial direction, body ray parenchyma was found more permeable than marginal ray parenchyma and it was about 138% times higher. Furthermore penetration depth of oil in intercellular space was greater than ray parenchyma and it was about 250% higher than ray parenchymas. Initial flow speed was found high and then it gradually decreased.

Effect of Varying Top Beam Reinforcement Anchorage Details on Ductility of HSC Beam-Column Joints

Ali Ahmed,Muhammad Mazhar Saleem,Zahid Ahmad Siddiqui 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.5

The ductility of external beam-column joints effects seismic behavior of a structure and can be a reason for structural collapse. High strength concrete and large amount of steel present in the joint region reduces the ductility even further. This study presents a radical way of increasing high strength concrete external beam-column joint’s ductility by varying the beam top reinforcement detailing. Two types of joints (three specimens each) were tested, type-1 specimens were prepared as per regular standards while type-2 specimens were prepared by reducing the beam’s top reinforcement anchoring in the column. Load-deflection behavior was studied to observe the stiffness degradation and energy dissipation by joints. Experimental results demonstrated that type-2 specimens were considerably more ductile as compared to type-1 specimens. The energy dissipated by type-2 joints (with 40% less reinforcing bar area in the beam) was 41.5% more than type-1 joints without substantial stiffness degradation. Furthermore, it was observed that by reducing the steel reinforcement in beam, the cracks location changed from inside the joint to beam-column joint’s face which may be attributed for increased ductility in type-2 joints. This study shows that by changing the steel reinforcement detailing near external beam-column joints, fatigue behavior and energy absorption capacity can be enhanced hence providing better performance against seismic activities.

Assessment of Sleep Disorders in Children with Transfusion-Dependent Hemoglobinopathies

Ahmed Masoud Ali,Ahmad Darwish Mohamed,Mona Ahmed Elbilsha 대한소아신경학회 2023 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare sleep problems between children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies and healthy controls. Methods: This study was a case-control survey of children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies. The sample consisted of 175 children in the patient group and 175 healthy children in the control group, with an age range of 8 to 18 years. Subjects were recruited from the Children’s Hospital of Mansoura University between February and July 2022. Children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies received consultations at the Department of Pediatric Hematology. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate sleep problems in both groups. Results: The mean age of the patient group was 11.22±2.39 years, and 52.57% (n=92) were girls. The control group had a mean age of 11.30±2.16 years, and 50.86% (n=89) were boys. The overall score (P=0.007) and the night waking (P=0.013), sleep duration (P=0.009), and sleep-disordered breathing (P=0.029) subscores were all substantially and statistically significantly higher in children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies than in healthy children. Conclusion: As children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobinopathies have more sleep problems than healthy children, more detailed studies are needed.

Synthesis and Three-dimensional Qualitative Structure Selectivity Relationship of 3,5-Disubstituted-2,4- Thiazolidinedione Derivatives As COX2 Inhibitors

Ali, Ahmed M.,Saber, Gamal E.,Mahfouz, Nadia M.,EI-Gendy, Mahmoud A.,Radwan, Awwad A.,Hamid, Mohamed A.-EI. 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.10

In our effort for synthesis of selective COX2 inhibitors, certain new 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives were synthesized. It necessitates preparation of potassium salt of 2,4-thiazolidinedione 2, which condensed with intermediate 4a. The resulting 3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione 8 was condensed with appropriate aldehyde to afford compounds 10a, 10i-I, 10o and 10p. Compounds (9a-I, 10a-n, 10p, 11 and 12) were obtained through the preparation of 5-arylmethylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones 6a-p and reaction of its potassium salt 7a-p with compounds 4a, 4b, and 5. Some compounds displayed significant analgesic activity as compared to reference standards. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds revealed that intermediate 8 and compounds 9c, 10c and 10d showed good results. Compound 10c produced no significant mucosal injury. HipHop methodology of Catalyst program was used to build up hypothetical model of selective COX2 inhibitors followed by fitting the synthesized compounds to this model. Compounds 10c and 10d were suspected to be promising selective COX2 inhibitors. Also, compounds (6c, 8, 9a,c,d,k, 10a,c,d,k, 11 and 12) were docked into COX1 and COX2 X-ray structures, using DOCK6 program. Docking results suggested that several of these derivatives are active COX inhibitors with a significant preference for COX2.

Synthesis and Three-dimensional Qualitative Structure Selectivity Relationship of 3,5- Disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinedione Derivatives As COX2 Inhibitors

Ahmed M. Ali,Gamal E. Saber,Nadia M. Mahfouz,Mahmoud A. El-Gendy,Awwad A. Radwan,Mohamed A.-El. Hamid 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.10

In our effort for synthesis of selective COX2 inhibitors, certain new 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives were synthesized. It necessitates preparation of potassium salt of 2,4-thiazolidinedione 2, which condensed with intermediate 4a. The resulting 3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]- 2,4-thiazolidinedione 8 was condensed with appropriate aldehyde to afford compounds 10a, 10i-l, 10o and 10p. Compounds (9a-l, 10a-n, 10p, 11 and 12) were obtained through the preparation of 5-arylmethylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones 6a-p and reaction of its potassium salt 7a-p with compounds 4a, 4b, and 5. Some compounds displayed significant analgesic activity as compared to reference standards. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds revealed that intermediate 8 and compounds 9c, 10c and 10d showed good results. Compound 10c produced no significant mucosal injury. HipHop methodology of Catalyst program was used to build up hypothetical model of selective COX2 inhibitors followed by fitting the synthesized compounds to this model. Compounds 10c and 10d were suspected to be promising selective COX2 inhibitors. Also, compounds (6c, 8, 9a,c,d,k, 10a,c,d,k, 11 and 12) were docked into COX1 and COX2 X-ray structures, using DOCK6 program. Docking results suggested that several of these derivatives are active COX inhibitors with a significant preference for COX2.

Recent Progress on the Development of Antibiotics from the Genus Micromonospora

Ali Zineddine Boumehira,Hesham Ali El-Enshasy,Hocine Hacene,Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed,Ramlan Aziz,Enoch Y. Park 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.2

The emergence of a large number of antimicrobialresistant organisms is a cause for concern. Nature is historically the source of drugs; indeed a considerable number of drugs have been developed from microorganisms, and are now used daily in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the introduction to the pharmaceutical market of new therapeutic molecules has decreased during the last two decades. In this review, the genus Micromonospora is proposed as a biofactory for production of new antibiotics. The genus Micromonospora has been investigated extensively and more than 100 antibiotics have been isolated from diverse Micromonospora strains. In addition, recent developments in analytical, biological and bioinformatics screening tools used in the discovery of new therapeutic compounds are described. It may be possible to revive formerly used antibiotics produced by Micromonospora and study of this genus may facilitate discovery of novel bioactive molecules.