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Risk Factors for the Number of Sustained Injuries in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Operation
Ajith, Michael M.,Ghosh, Apurna K.,Jansz, Janis Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2020 Safety and health at work Vol.11 No.1
Background: The relationship between risk factors and likelihood of occupational injury has been studied. However, what has been published has only provided a limited explanation of why some of the employees working in the same environment as other employees suffered a single-injury event, while other employees experienced multiple-injury events. This article reports on an investigation of whether artisanal and small-scale miners in Migori County of Kenya are susceptible to a single-injury or multiple-injury incidences, and if so, what underpinning parameters explain the differences between the single incident injured and the multiple incident injured group. Mine management commitment to safety in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) operations is also considered. Materials and methods: The research objectives were achieved by surveying 162 uninjured and 74 injured miners. A structured, closed-end questionnaire was administered to participants after the stratification of the study population and systematic selection of the representative samples. Results: The results showed that most injured miners suffer a single-injury incident rather than experiencing multiple-injury events, and laceration (28.40%) was the common injury suffered by the miners. The analysis showed that the risk factors for the single incident injured group were not similar to those in the multiple incident injured group. The research also found mine workers have low opinion about mine management/owners commitment to safety. Conclusion: The study concluded that mine management and miners need to be educated and sensitized on the dangers of this operation. Provision of safety gears and positive safety culture must be a top priority for management.
Review of Physician Referrals to Orthopedic Spine versus Neurosurgery
Ajith Malige,Roger Yuh,Vikas Yellapu,Vince Lands,Barrett Woods,Gbolabo Sokunbi 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.1
Background: Previous studies have reported what patients value while choosing their surgeon, but there are no studies exploring the patterns of referral to spine surgeons among primary care physicians (PCPs). This study aims to identify any trends in PCPs’ referral to orthopedic surgery versus neurosurgery for spinal pathology. Methods: In total, 450 internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, neurology, and pain management physicians who practice at one of three locations (suburban community hospital, urban academic university hospital, and urban private practice) were asked to participate in the study. Consenting physicians completed our 24-question survey addressing their beliefs according to pathologies, locations of pathologies, and surgical interventions. Results: Overall, 108 physicians (24%) completed our survey. Fifty-seven physicians (52.8%) felt that neurosurgeons would provide better long-term comprehensive spinal care. Overall, 66.7% of physicians would refer to neurosurgery for cervical spine radiculopathy; 52.8%, to neurosurgery for thoracic spine radiculopathy; and 56.5%, to orthopedics for lumbar spine radiculopathy. Most physicians would refer all spine fractures to orthopedics for treatment except cervical spine fractures (56.5% to neurosurgeons). Most physicians would refer to neurosurgery for extradural tumors (91.7%) and intradural tumors (96.3%). Most would refer to orthopedic surgeons for chronic pain. Finally, physicians would refer to orthopedics for spine fusion (61.1%) and discectomy (58.3%) and to neurosurgery for minimally invasive surgery (59.3%). Conclusions: Even though both orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons are intensively trained to treat a similar breath of spinal pathology, physicians vary in their referring patterns according to spinal pathology, location of pathology, and intended surgery. Education on the role of spine surgeons among PCPs is essential in ensuring unbiased referral patterns.
Secure Device to Device Communications using Lightweight Cryptographic Protocol
Ajith Kumar, V,Reddy, K Satyanarayan International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.11
The device to device (D2D) communication is an important and emerging area for future cellular networks. It is concerned about all aspect of secure data transmission between end devices along with originality of the data. In this paradigm, the major concerns are about how keys are delivered between the devices when the devices require the cryptographic keys. Another major concern is how effectively the receiver device verifies the data sent by the sender device which means that the receiver checks the originality of the data. In order to fulfill these requirements, the proposed system able to derive a cryptographic key using a single secret key and these derived keys are securely transmitted to the intended receiver with procedure called mutual authentication. Initially, derived keys are computed by applying robust procedure so that any adversary feel difficulties for cracking the keys. The experimental results shows that both sender and receiver can identify themselves and receiver device will decrypt the data only after verifying the originality of the data. Only the devices which are mutually authenticated each other can interchange the data so that entry of the intruder node at any stage is not possible.
Ajith Krishnan R,Zhong Han Chai,Hanbee Na,Hee Joon Lee 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.7
Flow boiling experiments in microchannels under low mass fluxes have rarely been reported in the literature. In this study, flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) for a parallel straight copper microchannel heat sink with 41 channels and hydraulic diameter of 420 µm (width: 300 µm; height: 700 µm) is reported under low mass fluxes(< 100 kg/m 2 s). The flow patterns reveal that the inertial force will be too low to flush the bubble downstream. The heat transfer coefficient was observed to decrease with an increase in the heat flux or vapor quality, which pointed toward convective boiling dominancy inside the channels. When approaching the CHF, the vapor flowed back to the heat sink's inlet plenum, resulting in a flow blockage, which is the main factor for the CHF occurrence.
Oversubscription factors for Community Wireless Services using AODV Routing
Ajith, P.K.,Yan, Huai-Zhi,Park, Dong-Won 배재대학교 공학연구소 2005 공학논문집 Vol.7 No.1
Community Wireless Networks define the next generation wireless services. Multimedia usages for financial services over community Wireless LAN (WLAN) based mesh networks require link stability. Several new services are being proposed for multimedia over WLANs. Portable Internet Services are implemented by several wireless carriers to proliferate their customer base. However, these services are still expensive and require a central telecom/wireless carrier whose monopoly and preference defines the availability of new services. Our research project identifies the usage of these critical services in public places over the financial services backbone architecture to provide efficient easy-to-use and economical services to their customers and merchants without being dependent on the central wireless carrier. The user connects to the network using his regular WLAN NIC using the Mesh Router/Bridge interconnectivity and obtains the needed multimedia and financial services from the ATM-AP Gateway, In our proposed scenario, the ATN AP-MR use AODV protocol and MR-MC is based on 802.11g/a/b IEEE standard. We use multi path routing protocols for reducing the congestion over a particular route. We demonstrate the results of our simulations and test-bed outcome to evaluate link failure rate and oversubscription factors to eliminate network congestion and non-availability of the critical financial services.
Subcooled flow boiling of self-rewetting fluid in parallel microchannel heat sink
Ajith Krishnan R,Hee Joon Lee(이희준) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11
In this work the experimental study of flow boiling performance of de-ionized water and self-rewetting aqueous n-butanol solution (2 wt%) in a multiple parallel microchannel heat sink is presented. The experiments were conducted with a mass flux of 58 kg/㎡s and 115 kg/㎡s, and with an inlet temperature of 30℃. It was observed from the trials that the critical heat flux (CHF) was improved slightly for the case of self-rewetting fluid with higher heat transfer coefficient when compared with de-ionized water. The bubble departure diameter was observed to be smaller in the case of self-rewetting fluid with an early onset of nucleate boiling (ONB). The enhancement in CHF and heat transfer coefficient in case of self-rewetting fluid is due to the combined effect of thermo-capillary flow/ reversed Marangoni flow and wetting improvement of the channel surface by rewetting fluid.
Generalized chorea due to secondary polycythemia responding to phlebotomy
Ajith Cherian,Naveen Kumar Paramasivan,Divya Kalikavil Puthanveedu,Syam Krishnan,Amitha Radhakrishnan Nair 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.1
Chorea can be seen in association with polycythemia rubra vera (PV) or primary polycythemia, especially in elderly women. However, chorea due to secondary polycythemia is rare, and we report a case in an adolescent boy due to congenital cyanotic heart disease and its rewarding response to phlebotomy.