Improved Antidepressant Remission in Major Depression via a Pharmacokinetic Pathway Polygene Pharmacogenetic Report

Ajeet B. Singh 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.2

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is projected to be a leading cause of disability globally by 2030. Only a minority of patients remit with antidepressants. If assay of polymorphisms influencing central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability could guide prescribers to more effectively dose patients, remission rates may improve and the burden of disease from MDD reduce. Hepatic and blood brain barrier (BBB) polymorphisms appear to influence antidepressant CNS bioavailability. Methods: A 12-week prospective double blind randomized genetically guided versus unguided trial of antidepressant dosing in Caucasian adults with MDD (n=148) was conducted. Results: Subjects receiving genetically guided prescribing had a 2.52-fold greater chance of remission (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.71-3.73, z=4.66, p<0.0001). The number needed to genotype (NNG)=3 (95% CI=1.7-3.5) to produce an additional remission. Conclusion: These data suggest that a pharmacogenetic dosing report (CNSDoseⓇ) improves antidepressant efficacy. The effect size was sufficient that translation to clinical care may arise if results are independently replicated.

Effects of Persisting Emotional Impact from Child Abuse and Norepinephrine Transporter Genetic Variation on Antidepressant Efficacy in Major Depression: A Pilot Study

Ajeet Bhagat Singh,Chad A. Bousman,Chee Hong Ng,Keith Byron,MIchael Berk 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.1

Objective: Previous studies suggest child abuse and serotonergic polymorphism influence depression susceptibility and antidepressant efficacy. Polymorphisms of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) may also be involved. Research in the area is possibly clouded by under reporting of abuse in researcher trials. Methods: Adults (n=51) with major depressive disorder has 8 weeks treatment with escitalopram or venlafaxine. Abuse history was obtained, the ongoing emotional impact of which was measured with the 15-item impact of event scale (IES-15). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was applied serially. Two NET polymorphisms (rs2242446 and rs5569) were assayed, blinded to HDRS ratings and abuse history. Results: No subjects reporting abuse with high impact in adulthood (IES-15 ≥26, n=12) remitted; whereas 77% reporting low impact (IES-15 <26; n=26) remitted (p<0.001). Subjects reporting high impact abuse (n=12) had a 50-fold (95% confidence interval=4.85-514.6) greater odds of carrying rs2242446-TT genotype, but the small sample size leaves this finding vulnerable to type I error. Conclusion: The level of persisting impact of child abuse appears relevant to antidepressant efficacy, with susceptibility to such possibly being influence by NET rs2242446 polymorphism. Larger studies may be merited to expand on this pilot level finding given potential for biomarker utility.

SnO2/SiO2 Nanocomposite Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazole Derivatives

Ajeet A. Yelwande,Madhukar E. Navgire,Deepak T. Tayde,Balasaheb R. Arbad,Machhindra K. Lande 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

SnO2/SiO2 nanocomposite has been synthesized by using sol-gel method. Prepared catalytic materials has been well characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmer-Teller (BET) surface area, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). SnO2/SiO2 nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles by the cyclocondensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehydes under reflux condition in 1:1 EtOH:H2O. After completion of the reaction, catalyst can be recovered efficiently and reused with consistent activity.

High Energy Storage Properties and Electrical Field Stability of Energy Efficiency of (Pb0.89La0.11)(Zr0.70Ti0.30)0.9725O3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

Ajeet Kumar,So Hyeon Kim,Mahesh Peddigari,Dong-Hyuk Jeong,Geon-Tae Hwang,Jungho Ryu 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.3

In this study, electric energy storage properties of (Pb 0.89 La 0.11 )(Zr 0.70 Ti 0.30 ) 0.9725 O 3 (PLZT 11/70/30) relaxor ceramics wereinvestigated. XRD pattern and SEM image confi rms the perovskite phase and dense structure without any secondary phasesand pores, respectively. Room temperature dielectric constant was found to be high (~ 3520) with low dielectric loss (~ 0.03). Dielectric constant changes with temperature confi rm the relaxor ferroelectric behaviour of PLZT ceramics. Diff erentparameters such as degree of deviation ( ΔT m ) from the Curie–Weiss law, the diff useness of the phase transition ( ΔT diff ) anddegree of diff useness ( γ ), which are related to the relaxor nature of ferroelectrics were calculated. With the remarkably slimpolarization versus electric fi eld hysteresis loops even at high applied electric fi eld, high energy storage of 0.85 J/cm 3 andvery high energy storage effi ciency of 92.9% were obtained from the PLZT ceramics. These values suggest that the PLZT11/70/30 composition can be used for the pulse driving energy storage applications.

A Mediocre Approach to Syndicate the Attributes for a Class or Relation

Ajeet A. Chikkamannur,Shivanand M. Handigund 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.5 No.4

Pragmatic Assessment of Optimizers in Deep Learning

Ajeet K. Jain,PVRD Prasad Rao,K. Venkatesh Sharma International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.10

Deep learning has been incorporating various optimization techniques motivated by new pragmatic optimizing algorithm advancements and their usage has a central role in Machine learning. In recent past, new avatars of various optimizers are being put into practice and their suitability and applicability has been reported on various domains. The resurgence of novelty starts from Stochastic Gradient Descent to convex and non-convex and derivative-free approaches. In the contemporary of these horizons of optimizers, choosing a best-fit or appropriate optimizer is an important consideration in deep learning theme as these working-horse engines determines the final performance predicted by the model. Moreover with increasing number of deep layers tantamount higher complexity with hyper-parameter tuning and consequently need to delve for a befitting optimizer. We empirically examine most popular and widely used optimizers on various data sets and networks-like MNIST and GAN plus others. The pragmatic comparison focuses on their similarities, differences and possibilities of their suitability for a given application. Additionally, the recent optimizer variants are highlighted with their subtlety. The article emphasizes on their critical role and pinpoints buttress options while choosing among them.

Power System Enhanced Monitoring through Strategic PMU Placement Considering Degree of Criticality of Buses

Ajeet Kumar Singh,Manoj Fozdar 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.5

This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering system configuration and its attributes during the planning phase of PMU deployment. Each bus of the system is assessed on four diverse attributes; namely, redundancy of measurements, rotor angle and frequency monitoring of generator buses, reactive power deficiency, and maximum loading limit under transmission line outage contingency, and a consolidated ‘degree of criticality’ is determined using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The major contribution of the proposed work is the development of modified objective function which incorporates values of the degree of criticality of buses. The problem is formulated as maximization of the aggregate degree of criticality of the system. The resultant PMU configuration extends complete observability of the system and majority of the PMUs are located on critical buses. As budgetary restrictions on utilities may not allow installation PMUs even at optimal locations in a single phase, multi-horizon deployment of PMUs is also addressed. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England (NE) 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems and compared with some existing methods.

Dielectric, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage, and Pyroelectric Properties of Mn-Doped (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.82Ti0.18)O3 Anti-Ferroelectric Ceramics

Ajeet Kumar,Jang Yuel Yoon,Atul Thakre,Mahesh Peddigari,정대용,Young-Min Kong,Jungho Ryu 한국세라믹학회 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this study, the dielectric and polarization properties of manganese (Mn% = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) doped (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.82Ti0.18)O3 (PLZT 7/82/18) anti-ferroelectric ceramics were studied for energy storage capacitor and pyroelectric applications. A systematic investigation demonstrated that the electric properties of PLZT 7/82/18 ceramics are affected significantly by the Mn-doping content. A maximum dielectric constant of ~ 2,128 at 1 kHz was found for 0.1% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics with a low dielectric loss of 0.018. The bipolar polarization versus electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops were traced for all compositions showing a typical anti-ferroelectric nature. The breakdown field was found to decrease with Mn-doping. The energy storage density and efficiency were found to be 460 J/cm3 and ~ 63%, respectively, for 0.2% Mn-doped PLZT ceramics. The pyroelectric coefficient of PLZT ceramics shows an increase based on the amount of Mn-doping.

Rnf152 Is Essential for NeuroD Expression and Delta-Notch Signaling in the Zebrafish Embryos

Ajeet Kumar,허태린,최준호,이명철 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.12

We report the biological functions of a zebrafish homologue of RING-finger protein 152 (rnf152) during embryogenesis. rnf152 was initially iden-tified as a brain-enriched E3 ligase involved in early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Expression of rnf152 was ubiquitous in the brain at 24 hpf but restricted to the eyes, midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), and rhombomeres at 48 hpf. Knockdown of rnf152 in zebrafish embryos caused defects in the eyes, MHB, and rhombomeres (r1–7) at 24 hpf. These defects in rnf152-deficient embryos were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) using neuroD, deltaD, notch1a, and notch3 probes. NeuroD expression was abolished in the marginal zone, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the eyes at 27 hpf. Furthermore, deltaD and notch1a expression was remarkably reduced in the ONL, INL, subpallium, tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres (r1-7) at 24 hpf, whereas notch3 expression was reduced in the tectum, cerebellum, and rhombomeres at 24 hpf. Finally, we confirmed that expression of Notch target genes, her4 and ascl1a, also decreased significantly in these areas at 24 hpf. Thus, we propose that Rnf152 is essential for development of the eyes, midbrain and hindbrain, and that Delta-Notch signaling is involved.

Transcriptomic networks of gba3 governing specification of the dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish embryos

Kumar Ajeet,Rhee Myungchull 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Molecular networks associated with dopaminergic (DA) neurogenesis remain undefined within mammalian models. To address this issue, the transient zebrafish model lmx1al: EGFP was generated, which expresses GFP in the DA precursor cells as well as in the DA neurons of the ventral diencephalon (VD). We found that the novel pseudogene gba3 has not been well studied in zebrafish neurogenesis. Objective: Crucial networks associated with gba3 transcripts were investigated because the biological functions of these networks have not been reported in DA neurogenesis in zebrafish. Methods: RNA isolation and sequencing were employed with GFP-expressing cells from 20-, 22-, and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), while subsequent transcriptomic analysis generated differentially expressed genes with DA neurogenesis (DEG-DA) list. Hierarchical cluster analysis provided absolute guidance for the collection of gba3, an essential transcript that is strictly spatiotemporally expressed during DA neurogenesis, which was proven with whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and knockdown and rescue of the gba3 transcripts in zebrafish embryos. Results: The gba3 transcripts were restricted to the midbrain at 24 hpf and the midbrain and pectoral fins at 30 hpf in zebrafish embryos. Functional studies with knockdown of gba3 found a diminished state in the midbrain and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and an underdeveloped condition in the anteroposterior and dorsolateral axis relative to the wild type (WT) at 24 hpf. However, it was recovered after forced expression of gba3 transcripts at 24 hpf. Molecular markers for the DA precursors and mature neurons lmx1al, nurr1, th, and pitx3 were analyzed in the gba3 MOs. The levels of transcripts lmx1al, nurr1, and th were significantly reduced in the midbrain ventral diencephalon (VD) and hindbrain of gba3 morphants compared to the WT at 24 hpf, while expression patterns of pitx3 transcripts showed no differences in the identical regions between gba3 MOs and the controls. Conclusions: We discuss transcriptional networks in which transcripts of gba3 plausibly govern the specification of dopaminergic neurogenesis in zebrafish embryos.