A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

外國駐屯軍隊의 刑事裁判管蟹權問題

朴愛子 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1962 法政學報 Vol.5 No.-

멕시코 금융위기의 교훈

김애영 남서울대학교 1997 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

There has been a substantial increase in international capital flows, reflecting a growing trend toward integration of world capital markets and financial globalization. The high degree of international capital mobility increases the possibility of speculative attack and the financial vulnerability. Under these circumstances, sudden shifts in foreign capital flows tend to result in the financial turmoil. The Mexican crisis of December 1994 and the recent crises of south-east Asian countries are examples of a new kind of currency crises in the era of the global capital market. Moreover many corcerns on their spill-over into Korean financial market have been followed. The main sources of the Mexican crisis are : (i)peso overvaluation and an unsustainable current account deficit, (ii) self-fulfilling expectations of the financial crashes, and(iii)a sudden run-down on foreign reserves that followed constraints on its international borrowing and the severe credit contraction. There are some policy lessons to be learned from the Mexican financial crisis in order for Korean economy not to tread in the Mexican steps. First, the government interventions in the foreign exchange market must be minimized so that exchange rates flat freely, reflecting the economic fundamentals. Second, contractionary fiscal policies are strongly recommended to reduce the large current account deficit. Third,a close attention must be paid to the possibility of speculative behavior due to financial vulnerability. Otherwise massive and sudden outflows of hot money would incur a crash in stocks and thus financial markets. Fourth, Korean financial market must be stabilized to recover her creditworthiness in the internatinal capital market. For this, financial reform should be established as soon as possible.

蔚山工業 Center의 全貌

李愛子 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1962 綠友硏究論集 Vol.- No.4

라벨의 음악미학과 음악어법

하애자 민족음악연구소 1993 음악과 민족 Vol.6 No.-

看護學生의 自我槪念과 學業成就와의 관계

한애경 서울保健大學 1992 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

This study attempted to analyze and confirm the correlation between self-concept and the accademic achievement. It is hoped that the results of this study may be used as a basis for estabiliting educational objectives in nursing education. This subjects of the survey were 188 nursing students from seoul health junior college. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOV A. Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of study were as follows : 1. Hypothesis: "The higher self concept score, the higher academic achievment" was rejected(r=.0881, p>.05). 2. The level of self concept: Of a possible maxmum score of 120 points on the 30 question about self concept, the maximum score was 107 and minimum score was 52. The mean score for self concept was 87.96. 4. Results of the relationship between the subject's general characteristics and self concept was found to be statistically significant in physical health status(F=5.346, p<.0l), the degree of satisfaction about major(F=3.255, p<.05).

재미교포 여성의 한국문화관과 통일의식

문애리 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1995 여성학논집 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to examine Korean-American women's attitudes toward gender role, marriage, and family relations, as well as their ethnic identity and pride. The other is to examine the women's perceptions and knowledge about South and North Korea, and their perspectives on the unification of Korea, including its desirability, feasibility, major obstacles, challenges, and consequences. The study sample consists of 256 women of Korean descent, who were, at the time of survey, legal immigrants or citizens of the United States, 18 years or older, andwho were residing in Los Angeles County, California. To increase the sample's representativeness of the study population, 30% of study subjects were randomly sampled from the people with the last name “Kim”listed in telephone directories, and the others were recruited at various sampling sites, including social, professional, and religious organizations, Korean markest, coffee shops, health clinics, beauty salons, colleges and universities. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected through telephone interviews(30%), face-to-face interviews(20%), and self-administration of the questionnaire by respondents(50%). The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were similar to the 1990 U.S. Census data on Korean-American women and families. The average age of respondents was 37, ranging from 18 to 80 years old. Fifty-seven percent were currently married, and 33% were never married. While 89% were born in Korea, 51% were holding American citizenship. Of those born outside the U.S., about half(51%) immigrated to the U.S. in the 1980s, and 29% in the 1970s. The respondents, on average, had lived in the U.S. for 13 year. The majority(60%) were college graduates or had some college education, while only 7% had middle school or less education. About 44% were working full-time, and 21% working part-time. Among working respondents, including part-time workers, 25% had an average monthly income between $1,000 and $2,000, 22% between $2,000 and $3,000, and 14% had more than $4,000, while 27% had less than $1,000. The median monthly income of respondents' families was between $4,000 and $5,000. The study's findings suggest that many Korean-American women do not hold traditional Korean values concerning women's happiness, marriage, and family relations. In response to the question about what constitutes a happy life for a woman, onl 16% of respondents indicated “being a good mother and good wife,”traditionally defined roles and indicators of happiness for Korean women, while 67% answered “both being successful in society and being a good mother and wife.” By pursuing multiple roles in and outside the family, many respondents seemed to have high expectations of themselves, and thereby imposing heavy burdens on themselves. Statistically respondents who conformed to the Korean traditional role of women were more likely married, non-working, significantly older, less educated, and had lower income. Similarly, only 25% believed that women must marry, another traditional value, whereas 70% indicated that marriage for womenis not a must but a choice. Statistically significant variables for those holding tradtional value regarding marriage for women were marital status (married as opposed to never married), older age, loser educational level, and older age at the time of immigration to the U.S. Futhermore, a mere 4% agreed that only a son, even by adoption, should inherit the family line, conforming to the traditional norm and practice in the Korean family system. Almost half(47%) indicated that it is no longer important to continue a family tree, and 44% indicated that if there is no son, a daughter should inherit the family line. Similarly, only 4% agreed that for a married woman, living with her parents-in-oaw is natural and desirable, but living with her own parents in desirable only when inevitable, rejecting the traditional Korean living arrangement practice. Instead, 41% believed that living with one's own parents and parents-in-law are equally reasonable, if not desirable, and 35% indicated that it is not desirable to live with either own or husband's parents. Findings on the division of domestic labor and family's financial responsibility among 150 respondents living with a spouse or partner showed that only 21% shared the housework with their husbands/partners almost equally, while 64% did all housework by themselves or with occasional help from their husbands/partners. This can be compared with the finding that 60% shared the family financial burden with their husbands/partners, and only 34% indicated that the burden is borne exclusively by their husbands/partners. This suggests that although the greater employment opportunities and earning potential for women in the U.S., compared to Korea, had significantly contributed to the high rate of Korean-American women's participation in the labor force(60%) and improved the family's economic well-being, domestic labor was still performed primarily by women. This finding is indicative of the heavy burden borne by many married Korean-American women. With respect to ethnic identity, 66% of respondents identified themselves as Koean, 32% Korean-American, and only one respondent identified as American. Moreover, 80% indicated South Korea as the country of their homeland, 11% indicated South and North Korea together, and only 7% indicated the U.S. About 61% reported that they were most proud of being Korean or Korean descendent when Korean people's excellence was internationally recognized, and 15% indicated when they thought about Korea's long history and culture. This suggests that Korean-Americans, living in a multicultural society, are very sensitive to the image of Korea and Koreans as perceived by other ethnic groups, and they are strongly attached to their roots in Korean history and culture. The majority of respondents(57%) indicated that they had little or no knowledge about North Korea in general. When asked to name or describe any recent events in South and North Korea they knew or heard of, almost half(47%) gave “don't konw any”response for North Korea, as opposed to only 7% for South Korea. Furthermore, 91% had never heard North Korea's national anthem and 32% had never ween its national flag, whereas almost all respondents(99% and 100%) had heard and seen South Korea's national anthem and flag. Despite their limited knowledge about North Korea, many had more positive perceptions about North Koreans than about South Koreans. North Koreans were perceived as diligent, strong willed, genuine or pure, and having strong sense of solidarity. In contrast, South Koreans were viewd as extravagant, arrogant, and greedy, though diligent. However, most respondents regarded the most siginificant difference between South and North Koreas as economic (41%) and political (35%) structural differences rather than cultural, emotional or ethnic. Findings reveal considerable variations in the respondents' perceptions about the importance, feasibility, and consequences of unification of Koreas. Almost 26% indicated little or no interest in the issue of unification, 34% showed some interest, while 40% had much interest. More than two-thirds(69%) agreed that South and North Koreas must be unified, and 59% indicated that unification must be accomplished gradually, protecting and promoting the equal status of the two in the process, while 28% preferred the method of economically superior one absorbing the other. among eight demographic and socioeconomic variables(age, age when immigrated to the U.S., were significant variables. That is, respondents who expressed much interest in and importance of unification of Koreas, on average, were significantly older and came to the U.S. at older age than their counterparts. Fifty-nine percent were positive about the feasibility of unification, 12% negative, and 30% had no opinion. Again, those with positive view were significantly older and came to the U.S. at older age than those with no opinion. Futhermore, about 15% anticipated that the unification was likely to be achieved within 5 years, 40% between 6-10 years, and 19% between 11-20 years. Regarding the major barriers to the unification, 27% pointed out South and North Korean politicians' selfish interest in using unification issues for their own political power struggles, while 18% and 17% indicated ideological difference and mutual distrust between the two countries, respectively. Other barriers included interference and obstruction by other countries(12%) and fear about changes the unification may bring(12%). About 80% anticipated that the unification would bring a lot of confusion and disorder of various kinds to Korea, and 54% indicated that such a transition period will last for a long time, while 26% anticipated it to be temporary and relatively short. Nevertheless, 45% expected the unification to have a positive impact on the economies and standards of living in both countries, 22% expected such positive change in the North, but deterioration in the South, and 10% foresaw deterioration in both. Similarly, 37% anticipated that the unification would contribute to improving the status of women in both countries, 15% indicated no change, while 7% foresaw deterioration in both. Finally, 71% believed that Korean Americans could make positive contribution to the unification effort primarily through their economic and cultural exchanges with and missionary activities in North Korea. As well as through their efforts to eeucate and influence the American public and politicians about the appropriate role and policy toward the unification. Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구방법 및 표본 Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 여성의 삶과 결혼,자녀교육 및 가사분담 2. 한국인에 대한 인식 및 아이덴티티 3. 남한과 북한에 대한 지식수준 및 의식구조 4. 남북분단 및 통일에 관한 의식구조 5. 통일후 남북한의 변화에 대한 견해 Ⅳ. 결 론 영문초록

간호학생의 간호 전문직에 대한 태도와 자아존중감에 관한 연구

한애경 서울保健大學 1994 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

This study attempted to examine the professional attitude and self-esteem. The data were collected from April 11 to May 2 through self-reported questionnaire. This subjects of the survey were 189 nursing students from Seoul Health junior college. Analysis of the data was done by use Mean, Percentage, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The instrument used for this study was Fingerhut's Nurses' Professional Attitude Scale and Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale. The results of study were as followes: 1. The Professional attitude of total students were positively upper middle (mean=41.48, theoretically minimum 16-maximum 48). 2. The Self-esteem of total students were positively upper middle (mean=28. 79, theoritically minimum 10-maximum 40) 3. The result of the relationship between the professional attitude and self-esteem were found to be statistically significant(r=.002, p<.01).

수도권 근교농촌의 토지이용과 경관의 변화

이애란,고동완,김유일 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1996 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.2 No.2

The city's countryside is adjusting to change by urbanisation. As it, the recent phenomena in this area decline in rural landuse and damage of landscape which has local characteristics. But, no study think together landuse and landscape at present in this area. The aim of this study was to clarify causes and problems of change by investigating intersection of environments and causes, processes and results of landuse and landscape in city's countryside. The sites are 2 Up and 2 Myon belong to Yongin Gun closed by Seoul City. These site are rapidly changed and almost intermediate between city and rural at present. As methods, I exeminated not only various statistical data but also unstatistical data. This case study revealed the diversity of change in city's countryside. 1) The change of landuse is clarified by Local Main commercial district is Yongin Up, Development of Traffic and industry is Kihung Up, Bed-town closed by city is Suji Myon and Recreation development is Pogok Myon. Each landuse divided by landscape types as local diversity in several Ri. Also each case seperatied by its special shape from each Ri and have causes and problems. 2) From these results did I point out problems and make a proposal about national landuse plan and landscape management in city's countryside. It stressed the need of a long-ranged policy of development in countryside considering local characteristics and residential environments. This paper was the start of case study about landuse and landscape in city's countryside.

한국경제의 대내외균형을 위한 거시경제정책의 상대적 유효성

김애영 남서울대학교 1996 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The ultimate goal of an open economy is the simultaneous attainment of full employment without inflationary pressure and balance of payment equilibrium: The former refers to internal balance while the latter to external balance. Nevertheless it seems to be not only doubtful to achieve and maintain both internal and external balances simultaneously but difficult to choose appropriate policies for them because of different policy effects. Hence this paper examined, whinin the framework Mundell developed, the relative effectiveness of macro-economic policies for internal and external balances of Korean economy which has suffered from decline in the economic growth rate with inflationary pressure and large current account deficits. In case of Korea, since the economic growth is largely influenced by export, the economy would be expected to be recovered from recession by improving current account deficits through increases in export. Therefore the economic problems Korea faced can be restricted to inflation and current account deficits. The inflation is due to more increases in real wage than in labor productivity and excessive money supply while current account deficits are due to an excess of absorption over national income. The possible policies the government can undertake to achieve stability and current account improvement are expenditure-reducing and expenditure-switching policies. The former tends to reduce spending at any given level of income while the latter tends to increase domestic income given total spending by domestic residents, inducing a switch in the composition of spending from foreign toward domestic goods. The typical examples of expenditure-reducing policies are contractionary fiscal and monetary policies while that of expenditure -switching policies is exchange rate policy. This paper shows that no single policy will suffice to attain the two goals of internal and external balances. The corrective is to administer both policies jointly, that is, to use a policy mix. In order for an economy suffering from inflation and large current account deficits like Korea to attain stability and trade surplus, both contractionary fiscal policy and depreciation are relatively effective, compared with monetary policies(expansionary or contractionary) which proved to be ineffective.