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Subclinical versus advanced forms of alcohol-related liver disease: Need for early detection
Concepción Gómez-Medina,Luma Melo,David Martí-Aguado,Ramón Bataller 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.1
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and pathological features, ranging from asymptomatic patients to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with heavy alcohol intake and advanced fibrosis often develop a subacute form of liver failure called alcohol-induced hepatitis (AH). Globally, most patients with ALD are identified at late stages of the disease, limiting therapeutic interventions. Thus, there is a need for early detection of ALD patients, which is lacking in most countries. The identification of alcohol misuse is hampered by the existence of alcohol underreporting by many patients. There are useful biomarkers that can detect recent alcohol use. Moreover, there are several non-invasive techniques to assess the presence of advanced fibrosis among patients with alcohol misuse, which could identify patients at high risk of liver related events or early death. In this review, we discuss differences between early stages of ALD and AH as the cornerstone of advanced forms. A global overview of epidemiological, anthropometric, clinical, analytical, histological, and molecular differences is summarized in this article. We propose that campaigns aimed at identifying patients with subclinical forms can prevent the development of life-threatening forms.
Josephson Current in Strongly Correlated Double Quantum Dots
Ž,itko, Rok,Lee, Minchul,Ló,pez, Rosa,Aguado, Ramó,n,Choi, Mahn-Soo American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.105 No.11
<P>We study the Josephson current through a serial double quantum dot and the associated 0-? transitions which result from the subtle interplay between the superconductivity, the Kondo physics, and the interdot superexchange interaction. The competition between them is examined by tuning the relative strength ?/T(K) of the superconducting gap and the Kondo temperature, for different strengths of the superexchange coupling determined by the interdot tunneling t relative to the level broadening ?. We find strong renormalization of t, a significant role of the superexchange coupling J, and a rich phase diagram of the 0 and ?-junction regimes. In particular, when both the superconductivity and the exchange interaction compete with the Kondo physics (???(K)), there appears an island of ?' phase at large values of the superconducting phase difference.</P>
Fine particle flow pattern and region delimitation in fountain confined conical spouted beds
Mikel Tellabide,Idoia Estiati,Aitor Atxutegi,Haritz Altzibar,Roberto Aguado,Martin Olazar 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-
A novel borescopic technique together with the monitoring of pressurefluctuation signals (powerspectral distribution, PSD) has been used to trackfine particles and characterize solidflow dynamics infountain confined conical spouted beds. Radial and axial particle velocity profiles have been obtained fordifferent configurations, and spout-annulus and fountain core-periphery interfaces have beendelineated. The downward particle velocities in the annulus peak at intermediate positions in thiszone, whereas the upward velocities in the dilute zones (spout and fountain core) peak at the axis or closeto this position. Among the different configurations analysed in this work, the system without draft tubeshows the greatest vertical particle velocities in almost all the different radial and axial positions. Theevolution of the spout size along the bed depends on the configuration used, but all of them differ fromthose commonly reported in the literature. Thus, the spout expands from the bed bottom to the surface,without any neck at an intermediate bed level. Furthermore, the cross-sectional spout shape has beendelineated in the systems with open-sided draft tube, and significant spout expansion is observed due toair percolation from the spout into the annulus through the opened faces. Finally, the average spoutdiameters of the systems without draft tube and with open-sided draft tubes have been compared withthose predicted by literature correlations. Those proposed by San José et al. and Volpicelli et al. providethe bestfit for the configurations without draft tube and with open-sided draft tube, with their relativeerrors being 9.83% and 8.88%, respectively.
( Judith Alvarez Otero ),( Lucia Gonzalez Gonzalez ),( Jose Luis Lamas Ferreiro ),( Alexandra Arca Blanco ),( Jose Ramon Bermudez Sanjurjo ),( Maria Rodriguez Conde ),( Javier De La Fuente Aguado ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in urine cultures in our hospital. Moreover, we determined the mortality and risk factors associated to CRPA infection. Methods: Positive urine cultures to Pseudomonas aeruginosa between september 2012 and september 2013 were identified. We excluded repititive cultures from the same patient and episode. We created a database with demographic, clinical and laboratory items, including previous antibiotic therapy and antimicrobial resistance. Results: Forty-three cases with positive urine cultures to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. CRPA was observed in 12cases, with a prevalence of 27.9%. Sixty per cent were male with a median age of 73 years (range: 17-102). Sixty-seven per cent of patients were hospitalized when the culture was collected, but only 30% met criteria to nosocomial infection. Twenty-one percent of urine cultures corresponded to asymptomatic bacteriuria and 25% presented with sepsis. Mortality at 30 days was 20.7% in CRPA patients and 13.8% in the other group, without estatistical significance. Obesity (p =0.003), previous treatment with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.004) and quinolones in general (p = 0.001) and previous treatment with more than one antibiotic (p = 0.03) or with more than one family of antibiotics (p = 0.01) were risk factors to CRPA infection in the univariate analysis. Only obesity (p = 0.04) and previous treatment with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.02) showed statistically significant differences in the multivariate analysis, Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of CRPA in urine cultures in our population, wich is a potencial threat. We should assess the presence of risk factors for development of infections by such pathogen, as previous treatment with quinolones or obesity, in order to start appropiate empirical treatment in patients with severe urinary tract infections.
DC-SIGN<sup>+</sup> Macrophages Control the Induction of Transplantation Tolerance
Conde, P.,Rodriguez, M.,van der Touw, W.,Jimenez, A.,Burns, M.,Miller, J.,Brahmachary, M.,Chen, H.m.,Boros, P.,Rausell-Palamos, F.,Yun, T.,Riquelme, P.,Rastrojo, A.,Aguado, B.,Stein-Streilein, J.,Tana Cell Press 2015 Immunity Vol.42 No.6
<P>Tissue effector cells of the monocyte lineage can differentiate into different cell types with specific cell function depending on their environment. The phenotype, developmental requirements, and functional mechanisms of immune protective macrophages that mediate the induction of transplantation tolerance remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that costimulatory blockade favored accumulation of DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages that inhibited CD8(+) T cell immunity and promoted CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cell expansion in numbers. Mechanistically, that simultaneous DC-SIGN engagement by fucosylated ligands and TLR4 signaling was required for production of immunoregulatory IL-10 associated with prolonged allograft survival. Deletion of DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages in vivo, interfering with their CSF1-dependent development, or preventing the DC-SIGN signaling pathway abrogated tolerance. Together, the results provide new insights into the tolerogenic effects of costimulatory blockade and identify DC-SIGN(+) suppressive macrophages as crucial mediators of immunological tolerance with the concomitant therapeutic implications in the clinic.</P>