Physio-Chemical Properties, Consolidation, and Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil Using Traditional Soil Additives – A State of the Art Literature Review

Afnan Ahmad,Muslich Hartadi Sutanto,Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bared,Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap,Seyed Vahid Alavi Nezhad Khalil Abad,Mudassir Ali Khan 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.10

Peat is formed by the degradation of plants and animals in the lack of oxygen and is widely known for its very weak geotechnical characteristics. This is the reason to be considered as an unsuitable foundation soil for construction activities. Several attempts have been made to characterize and stabilize peat soil to make construction viable. This study encapsulates an extensive literature review of the available published data for Atterberg limits, consolidation, and stabilization of peat soil using traditional additives, especially cement and lime. Moreover, peat formation and distribution around the world are also discussed. The analysis of the gathered data shows that peat soils having a high amount of fibers may suffer a large amount of secondary consolidation when the load is applied. Besides, the compressibility factors vary for Malaysian peat due to different water and organic contents. The improvement of peat soil is challenging and expensive, requiring an extra amount of stabilizer for the initiation of the stabilization process. However, the optimum and threshold stabilizer’s dosage for peat is also a challenging task to predict due to several factors affecting the stabilization process. Lastly, the study concludes with recommendations on the implication of the fall cone and thread rolling tests for the determination of Atterberg limits of fibrous peat, effective consolidometer for peat, and utilization of traditional additives for peat soil stabilization.

Color stability of 3D-printed denture resins: effect of aging, mechanical brushing and immersion in staining medium

Afnan Fouzan Alfouzan,Hadeel Minife Alotiabi,Nawaf Labban,Hanan Nejer Al-Otaibi,Sara Mohammad Al Taweel,Huda Ahmed AlShehri 대한치과보철학회 2021 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.13 No.3

Purpose. This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resins following aging, mechanical brushing, and immersion in staining medium. Materials and methods. Forty disc-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick) were prepared from two 3D-printed [DentaBASE (DB) and Denture 3D+ (D3D)] and one conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture materials. The specimens were thermo-cycled, subjected to mechanical brushing, and were immersed in either coffee, lemon juice, coke, or artificial saliva (AS) to simulate one and two years of oral use. Color measurements of the specimens were recorded by a spectrophotometer at baseline (T0), and after one (T1) and two years (T2) of simulation. The color changes (ΔE) were determined and also quantified according to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units. Descriptive statistics, followed by factorial ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=.05), were applied for data analysis. Results. The independent factors, namely material, staining medium, and immersion time, and interaction among these factors significantly influenced ΔE (P <.009). Irrespective of the materials, treatments, and time, the highest and the lowest mean ΔEs were observed for PMMA in lemon juice (4.58 ± 1.30) and DB in AS (0.41 ± 0.18), respectively. Regarding the material type, PMMA demonstrated the highest mean ΔE (2.31 ± 1.37), followed by D3D (1.67 ± 0.66), and DB (0.85 ± 0.52), and the difference in ΔE between the materials were statistically significant (P <.001). All the specimens demonstrated a decreased color changes at T2 compared to T1, and this difference in mean ΔE was statistically significant (P <.001). Conclusion. The color changes of 3D-printed denture resins were low compared to conventional heat polymerized PMMA. All the tested materials, irrespective of the staining medium used, demonstrated a significant decrease in ΔE values over time.

Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Characteristics of Bi-Sb Thin Film Structure

Afnan K. Yousif 대한전자공학회 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.3

In this study, Bi-Sb thin film structure was prepared by thermal evaporation method. The electrical, optical transmission and structural characteristics of the prepared samples were introduced before and after thermal annealing process. At temperature of 500 °C, the absorption of the structure was improved to reach 97% at near-infrared region. As well, the thermal annealing caused to reduce the bulk resistance of the Bi-Sb thin film structure. The mor-phology of Bi-Sb structure was also improved by thermal annealing as characteristic islands of the structure appear clearly in form hexagonal areas distinct from each other. This study is aiming to examine such structures if they are employed as photonic devices such as photodetectors, LED’s and optical switches.

Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete dentures

Afnan F. Al-Fouzan,Lamya A. Al-mejrad,Ahmed M. Albarrag 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.5

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans to the surfaces of CAD/CAM and conventionally fabricated complete denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty discs of acrylic resin poly (methyl methacrylate) were fabricated with CAD/CAM and conventional procedures (heat-polymerized acrylic resin). The specimens were divided into two groups: 10 discs were fabricated using the CAD/CAM procedure (Wieland Digital Denture Ivoclar Vivadent), and 10 discs were fabricated using a conventional flasking and pressure-pack technique. Candida colonization was performed on all the specimens using four Candida albicans isolates. The difference in Candida albicans adhesion on the discs was evaluated. The number of adherent yeast cells was calculated by the colony-forming units (CFU) and by Fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS. There was a significant difference in the adhesion of Candida albicans to the complete denture bases created with CAD/CAM and the adhesion to those created with the conventional procedure. The CAD/CAM denture bases exhibited less adhesion of Candida albicans than did the denture bases created with the conventional procedure (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The CAD/CAM procedure for fabricating complete dentures showed promising potential for reducing the adherence of Candida to the denture base surface. Clinical Implications. Complete dentures made with the CAD/CAM procedure might decrease the incidence of denture stomatitis compared with conventional dentures.

Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) Inhibits Proliferation, Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Afnan Al-Menhali,Aisha Al-Rumaihi,Hana Al-Mohammed,Hana Al-Mazrooey,Maryam Al-Shamlan,Meaad AlJassim,Noof Al-Korbi,Ali Hussein Eid 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.1

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Its prognosis remains poor for patients with several grades of this disease. This underscores the need for alternative modalities, such as herbal medicines, to treat this disease. A commonly used plant that appears to be of high medicinal value is Thymus vulgaris L. However, the effects of this plant on the malignant behavior of human CRC cells remains poorly investigated. This study was undertaken to determine the anticancer efficacy of T. vulgaris extract (TVE) in CRC cells. Our results show that TVE inhibits proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. This decreased proliferation was concomitant with increased apoptotic cell death as evidenced by increased caspase3/7 activity.Moreover, TVE also decreased adhesion to fibronectin in a concentration-dependent manner. The migratory and invasive capacities of HCT116 cells were significantly inhibited by TVE. Taken together, these data suggest that the TVE inhibits malignant phenotype of colon cancer cells. Therefore, T. vulgaris could have an anticancer effect and that some of its bioactive compounds may prove to be effective treatment modalities for human CRC.

피부 병변 분할을 위한 어텐션 기반 딥러닝 프레임워크

Afnan Ghafoor,이범식 (사)한국스마트미디어학회 2024 스마트미디어저널 Vol.13 No.3

본 논문은 기존 방법보다 우수한 성능을 달성하는 피부 병변 분할을 위한 새로운 M자 모양 인코더-디코더 아키텍처를 제안한다. 제안된 아키텍처는 왼쪽과 오른쪽 다리를 활용하여 다중 스케일 특징 추출을 가능하게 하고, 스킵 연결 내에서 어텐션 메커니즘을 통합하여 피부 병변 분할 성능을 더욱 향상시킨다. 입력 영상은 네 가지 다른 패치로 분할되어 입력되며 인코더-디코더 프레임워크 내에서 피부 병변 분할 성능의 향상된 처리를 가능하게 한다. 제안하는 방법에서 어텐션 메커니즘을 통해 입력 영상의 특징에 더 많은 초점을 맞추어 더욱 정교한 영상 분할 결과를 도출하는 것이다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법의 효과를 강조하며, 기존 방법과 비교하여 우수한 정확도, 정밀도 및 Jaccard 지수를 보여준다.

التبدّلات الصرفيّة في الصفات المشبّهة وأسماء الفاعلين في كتاب الأمثال الشعبيّة الأردنيّة

Afnan Najjar 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2018 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.22 No.4

This paper dealt with the active participles and qualificative adjective in Hani Al-Amad’s book “Colloquial Jordanian proverbs.” According to a statistic made for this paper, the two mentioned kinds of derivatives are the most available ones in the Jordanian proverbs. The most repeated morphological changes in Active Participles & Qualificative Adjective were changes of short vowels, letters, apocope, elision, adding or deleting “Hamza” and using derivative instead of another. بعد استعراض المشتقات في الكتاب المستهدف بالدراسة، وإحصائها، والوصول إلى نسب حضورها في الكتاب، تبين أن الصفات المشبهة , وأسماء الفاعلين تشغل النسب العظمى مقابل سائر أنواع المشتقات. وبتحليل الصفات المشبهة وأسماء الفاعلين، ورصد الظواهر الصرفية التي ظهرت فيها، تبيّن أن هناك تبدّلات حصلت في الصفات المشبّهة من قبيل تغيير الحركات، وتغيير الحروف، وقصر الممدود، وحذف الهمزة المتطرفة، ونبر همزة الوصل، وزيادة همزة وصل في بداية الكلمة، وكسْر لام التعريف، وتسهيل الهمزة، وتقصير المدّة، واستعمال صيغة صرفية محلّ أخرى. وأمّا أسماء الفاعلين فظهرت فيها ظواهر صرفية مثل تغيير الحركات، وتسهيل الهمزة، وحذف الهمزة، وحذف حروف العلة، وتسكين الأول، وزيادة همزة وصل، وحذف همزة الوصل، وظهور اللام المعتلة في اسم الفاعل النكرة، واستعمال صيغة صرفية بدل أخرى، ودمج حروف العلة. ولا ريب في أنّ هذه التبدّلات تمثل جزءاً غير يسير من التبدّلات الصرفية في العامَّيَّة الأردنيّة، وربّما ينبغي لكتاب "الأمثال الشعبيّةالأردنيّة" أن تُعاد كتابتُه بحيث تظهر التبدّلات الصوتية الممكن ظهورها إملاءً، كالقاف، والضاد، والظاء، وتبديل الحركات، والنبر مثلا. كما يمكن أن يُميَّز بين الأمثال المستقاة من بيئة بدويّة، أو ريفيّة، وتلك التي استقيت من بيئة حضريّة، بحيث ينعكس ذلك في إملاء تلك الأمثال، فينتج من الكتاب موسوعة تظهر ملامح لهجيّةوأنثروبولوجية للمجتمع الأردنيّ.

Morphological Changes of Active Participles & Qualificative Adjective in “Colloquial Jordanian Proverbs”

( Najjar Afnan ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2018 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.22 No.4

This paper dealt with the active participles and qualificative adjective in Hani Al-Amad’s book “Colloquial Jordanian proverbs.” According to a statistic made for this paper, the two mentioned kinds of derivatives are the most available ones in the Jordanian proverbs. The most repeated morphological changes in Active Participles & Qualificative Adjective were changes of short vowels, letters, apocope, elision, adding or deleting “Hamza” and using derivative instead of another.

Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Characteristics of Bi-Sb Thin Film Structure

Yousif, Afnan K. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.3

In this study, Bi-Sb thin film structure was prepared by thermal evaporation method. The electrical, optical transmission and structural characteristics of the prepared samples were introduced before and after thermal annealing process. At temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, the absorption of the structure was improved to reach 97% at near-infrared region. As well, the thermal annealing caused to reduce the bulk resistance of the Bi-Sb thin film structure. The morphology of Bi-Sb structure was also improved by thermal annealing as characteristic islands of the structure appear clearly in form hexagonal areas distinct from each other. This study is aiming to examine such structures if they are employed as photonic devices such as photodetectors, LED's and optical switches.

Erratum - Color stability of 3D-printed denture resins: effect of aging, mechanical brushing and immersion in staining medium

Alfouzan, Afnan Fouzan,Alotiabi, Hadeel Minife,Labban, Nawaf,Al-Otaibi, Hanan Nejer,Al Taweel, Sara Mohammad,AlShehri, Huda Ahmed The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2022 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.14 No.5