The energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured by the Telescope Array FADC fluorescence detectors in monocular mode

Abu-Zayyad, T.,Aida, R.,Allen, M.,Anderson, R.,Azuma, R.,Barcikowski, E.,Belz, J.W.,Bergman, D.R.,Blake, S.A.,Cady, R.,Cheon, B.G.,Chiba, J.,Chikawa, M.,Cho, E.J.,Cho, W.R.,Fujii, H.,Fujii, T.,Fukuda, North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Astroparticle physics Vol.48 No.-

We present a measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays performed by the Telescope Array experiment using monocular observations from its two new FADC-based fluorescence detectors. After a short description of the experiment, we describe the data analysis and event reconstruction procedures. Since the aperture of the experiment must be calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, we describe this calculation and the comparisons of simulated and real data used to verify the validity of the aperture calculation. Finally, we present the energy spectrum calculated from the merged monocular data sets of the two FADC-based detectors, and also the combination of this merged spectrum with an independent, previously published monocular spectrum measurement performed by Telescope Array's third fluorescence detector [T. Abu-Zayyad et al., The energy spectrum of Telescope Array's middle drum detector and the direct comparison to the high resolution fly's eye experiment, Astroparticle Physics 39 (2012) 109-119, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.05.012, Available from: <arXiv:1202.5141>]. This combined spectrum corroborates the recently published Telescope Array surface detector spectrum [T. Abu-Zayyad, et al., The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment, ApJ 768 (2013) L1, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1, Available from: <arXiv:1205.5067>] with independent systematic uncertainties.

Influence of Persian on Two Medieval Bengali Poets: Shah Muhammad Sagir and Alaol

Abu Musa Mohammad Arif Billah(Abu Musa Mohammad Arif Billah ) 한국공공가치학회 2022 공공가치연구 Vol.4 No.1

Multiculturalism and Multilingualism in Mughal India

Abu Musa Mohammad Arif Billah 국제인문사회연구학회 2022 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.4 No.1

Multiculturalism and Multilingualism in Mughal India* Abu Musa Mohammad Arif Billah** Abstract: Mughal India is an important part of the political history of the subcontinent which nowadays is divided into three independent states – India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Mughal dynasty was established by Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur (1483–1530 AD) in 1526 AD and continued until 1857 AD. In regard to the origin and development of multiculturalism and multilingualism in the Indian subcontinent, it is worthwhile to mention that India had been a place of attraction for people of varied interests since the dawn of human civilization. Consequently, huge numbers of foreign travelers settled here since time immemorial which pushed the Indian civilization to go through numerous paradigm shifts. Such scope for amalgamation and exchange of views between the locals and settlers, resulted in the manifestation of individual cultural and linguistic identity for each group of people that was living there. And this is actually the prime underlying cause for the emergence of multiculturalism and multilingualism in the Indian subcontinent. This study endeavors to unfold the hidden secrets of both multicultural eminences and multilingual munificence that exist in the region in general and of Mughal India in particular. The current paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues elucidating the relevant aspects of the topic using both primary and secondary sources. Key Words: India, Multiculturalism, Multilingualism, Shahabuddin Ghori, Mughal Dynasty, Zahir Uddin Babur. □ Received: June 10, 2022, Revised: June 20, 2022, Accepted: June 30, 2022 * This research article was developed as a prime part of my Post-Doctoral Research at the Education Research Institute, Ethics Education Department, Geyongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, South Korea, on the invitation of Professor Dr. Gyun Yeol Park, Ethics Education Department, GNU. ** PhD at SOAS, University of London, Adjunct Professor, Pundra University of Science and Technology, Bogura, Bangladesh; Founder Chairman, Abu Rayhan Biruni Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh Multiculturalism and Multilingualism in Mughal India* Abu Musa Mohammad Arif Billah** Abstract: Mughal India is an important part of the political history of the subcontinent which nowadays is divided into three independent states – India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Mughal dynasty was established by Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur (1483–1530 AD) in 1526 AD and continued until 1857 AD. In regard to the origin and development of multiculturalism and multilingualism in the Indian subcontinent, it is worthwhile to mention that India had been a place of attraction for people of varied interests since the dawn of human civilization. Consequently, huge numbers of foreign travelers settled here since time immemorial which pushed the Indian civilization to go through numerous paradigm shifts. Such scope for amalgamation and exchange of views between the locals and settlers, resulted in the manifestation of individual cultural and linguistic identity for each group of people that was living there. And this is actually the prime underlying cause for the emergence of multiculturalism and multilingualism in the Indian subcontinent. This study endeavors to unfold the hidden secrets of both multicultural eminences and multilingual munificence that exist in the region in general and of Mughal India in particular. The current paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues elucidating the relevant aspects of the topic using both primary and secondary sources. Key Words: India, Multiculturalism, Multilingualism, Shahabuddin Ghori, Mughal Dynasty, Zahir Uddin Babur. □ Received: June 10, 2022, Revised: June 20, 2022, Accepted: June 30, 2022 * This research article was developed as a prime part of my Post-Doctoral Research at the Education Research Institute, Ethics Education Department, Geyongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, South Korea, on the invitation of Professor Dr. Gyun Yeol Park, Ethics Education Department, GNU. ** PhD at SOAS, University of London, Adjunct Professor, Pundra University of Science and Technology, Bogura, Bangladesh; Founder Chairman, Abu Rayhan Biruni Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Effects Of Microbial Diversity On The Anaerobic Digestion Of Fish Waste

Md Abu Hanifa Jannat(JANNAT MD ABU HANIFA),Seokhwan Hwang(황석환),Sang Hyeok Park(박상혁),Chayanee Chairattanawat,Arma Yulisa 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Reducing Earthquake Fatalities and Destructions in Iran: A Project Management Perception

Amin Akhavan Tabassi,Abu Hassan Abu Bakar,Nor'Aini Yusof 한국유통과학회 2014 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – Appropriate project management knowledge as well as its effective application in the construction industry increase construction quality and, therefore, reduce fatalities and destruction. Research design, data, and methodology – This study was conducted through a comparative analysis of earthquake fatalities in Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, China, Haiti, Japan, and the United States of America. The data was analyzed using a frequency study. The analysis contrasts the fatalities of some of the strongest earthquakes around the world between 1960 and 2010. Results – Poor quality construction practices and a lack of effective application of project management knowledge play a major role in the vast destruction, high death toll, and dismal tragedies that are associated with earthquakes, especially in Iran. Conclusions – Despite the history of tragic earthquakes and their continuing recurrence, this study attempts to make governments, companies, and disaster management personnel aware of the dangers of poor quality construction and the deficient application of project management knowledge and, further, accentuates effective ways to prevent the probability of serious damage in future. This study contains valuable information on the effects of project management application towards reducing earthquake fatalities and destruction.

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes fractions potentially normalize the lead (Pb) poisoning and enhance in vitro thrombolysis

Abu Ahmed,Atiar Rahman,Sarowar Jahan Khan,Nipun Mojumder,Farjana Sharmin,Muhammad Abu Bakar,Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury,Mohammad Ali Azadi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.31 No.4

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been used in phytoextraction to uptake heavy metals and trace elements in various experiments. This research investigated the protective effects of Water hyacinth extracts on Lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in the albino rat. Forty-eight six-weeks-old Wistar albino male rats (average weight, 180 ± 6.45 g) were divided into six groups: normal control (NC), Pb control (PbC), Chloroform extract (ChEx), Ethyl acetate extract (EAEx), Methanol extract (MeEx) and Ascorbic acid treated groups (AA, positive control). All animals except NC group have been administered with Lead acetate (Pb(CH3COOH)2) before the therapeutic dose. Thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by modified clot lysis and Brine shrimp lethality tests respectively. Biochemical analyses reports revealed that ChEx significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) whereas MeEx did the alanine amino transferase (ALT) in comparison to positive control. ChEx significantly inhibited the Pb deposition in kidney and liver than two other extracts. ChEx significantly increased the liver protein compared to PbC group. In the thrombolytic assay, EAEx showed the pronounced clot lysis (49.24 %) while ChEx and MeEx showed 45.18 % and 29.13 % of clot lysis respectively. In Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 value of the ChEx, EAEx and MeEx were 4.16, 4.47 and 9.27 μg/mg respectively and values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to that of reference cytotoxic agent, Vincristine sulfate (LC50’ 0.55). Histopathological screening of kidney, liver and spleen showed that ethyl acetate extract recovered the highest of the cellular damage caused by Lead acetate. Biochemical and histopathological screening, therefore, demonstrate that Water hyacinth could be one of the promising sources of normalizing the Pb-poisoning and enhancing the thrombolysis in an animal model. Therapeutic prospects of Water hyacinth could be further studied through highlighting a dose-response study.

Seasonal cycle of phytoplankton in aquaculture ponds in Bangladesh

Abu Affan,Joon-Baek Lee,Saleha Khan,Mahfuzul Haque,Abu Syed Jewel 한국조류학회I 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.1

A study on the seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community was carried out in four aquaculture ponds of Bangladesh over a period of 16 months from August 2000 to November 2001. Out of 45 phytoplankton species identified, 30 belong to Cyanophyceae, 7 to Chlorophyceae, 5 to Bacillariophyceae and 3 to Euglenophyceae. The highest phytoplankton abundance was observed in spring followed by early autumn, summer, and the lowest was in winter. The annual succession of Cyanophyceae was characterized by spring and early autumn period dominated by Microcystis sp. Anabaena sp. and Planktolymbya sp. with Microcystis sp. as the main blue-green algae represented. Chlorophyceae was characterized by rainy season domination of Chlorella vulgaris, Pediastrum sp. and Scenedesmus denticulatus with maximum abundance of Chlorella vulgaris. Whereas Bacillariophyceae was dominant during the winter period. Navicula angusta and Cyclotella meneghiniana were the most frequently occurring species of Bacillariophyceae throughout the study period. Euglenophyceae was dominant in late autumn and Euglena sp. was the dominant species. The effect of various physicochemical water quality parameters on the seasonal distribution and succession of the above mentioned phytoplankton population as well as the interaction and eutrophication are discussed.

Kinetics of Base Hydrolysis of Some Chromen-2-one Indicator Dyes in Different Solvents at Different Temperatures

Abu-Gharib, Ezz A.,EL-Khatib, Rafat M.,Nassr, Lobna A.E.,Abu-Dief, Ahmed M. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.3

7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one(HC)와 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one-4-acetic acid(HCA)의 염기성 가수분해반응을 aqueous-methanol과 aqueous-acetone 혼합물에서 283 K에서 313 K의 온도 범위에서 속도론적으로 연구하였다. 반응의 활성화 파라미터를 구하고 토의하였다. 게다가, 물, 물-에탄올, 물-아세톤 혼합물 내에서 화합물들에 대한 활성화 에너지 장벽의 변화를 속도론적 데이터로부터 추정하였다. 활성화 장벽의 변화는 HC and HCA의 가수분해 반응과 거의 같았다. HC와 HCA의 염기성 가수분해는 $k_{obs}=k_2[OH^-]$와 같은 속도법칙을 따른다. 메탄올 또는 아세톤의 비가 증가함에 따라 HC 와 HCA의 속도 상수들이 감소하는 것은 $OH^-$ 이온이 불안정해지기 때문이다. 활성화 엔트로피가 큰 음의 값을 갖는 다는 것은 반응이 중간 착물의 형성을 경유하며 진행된다는 것을 의미하며, 또한 중간 착물이 경직성과 안정도를 갖는다는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로, 중간 착물의 고리 열림이 속도 조절 단계가 될 것이다. Base hydrolysis of 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (HC) and 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one-4-acetic acid (HCA) in aqueous-methanol and aqueous-acetone mixtures were studied kinetically at temperature range from 283 to 313 K. The activation parameters of the reactions were evaluated and discussed. Moreover, the change in the activation energy barrier of the investigated compounds from water to water-methanol and water-acetone mixtures was estimated from the kinetic data. It is observed that the change in activation barriers is more or less the same for the hydrolysis of HC and HCA. Base hydrolysis of HC and HCA follows a rate law with $k_{obs}=k_2[OH^-]$. The decrease in the rate constants of HC and HCA as the proportion of methanol or acetone increases is due to the destabilization of $OH^-$ ion. The high negative values of entropy of activation support the proposal mechanism, i.e. the investigated reaction takes place via the formation of an intermediate complex. Moreover, these values refer to the rigidity and stability of the intermediate complex. Thus, the ring opening of the intermediate complex would be the rate controlling step.

UN-Substituted Video Steganography

( Khulood Abu Maria ),( Mohammad A. Alia ),( Maher A. Alsarayreh ),( Eman Abu Maria ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.1

Steganography is the art of concealing the existence of a secret data in a non-secret digital carrier called cover media. While the image of steganography methods is extensively researched, studies on other cover files remain limited. Videos are promising research items for steganography primitives. This study presents an improved approach to video steganography. The improvement is achieved by allowing senders and receivers exchanging secret data without embedding the hidden data in the cover file as in traditional steganography methods. The method is based mainly on searching for exact matches between the secret text and the video frames RGB channel pixel values. Accordingly, a random key-dependent data is generated, and Elliptic Curve Public Key Cryptography is used. The proposed method has an unlimited embedding capacity. The results show that the improved method is secure against traditional steganography attacks since the cover file has no embedded data. Compared to other existing Steganography video systems, the proposed system shows that the method proposed is unlimited in its embedding capacity, system invisibility, and robustness. The system achieves high precision for data recovery in the receiver. The performance of the proposed method is found to be acceptable across different sizes of video files.

Predicting Student Performance Using Artificial Neural Network : in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology

Samy Abu Naser,Ihab Zaqout,Mahmoud Abu Ghosh,Rasha Atallah,Eman Alajrami 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.2

In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, for predicting the performance of a sophomore student enrolled in engineering majors in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in Al- Azhar University of Gaza was developed and tested. A number of factors that may possibly influence the performance of a student were outlined. Such factors as high school score, score of subject such as Math I, Math II, Electrical Circuit I, and Electronics I taken during the student freshman year, number of credits passed, student cumulative grade point average of freshman year, types of high school attended and gender, among others, were then used as input variables for the ANN model. A model based on the Multilayer Perceptron Topology was developed and trained using data spanning five generations of graduates from the Engineering Department of the Al- Azhar University, Gaza. Test data evaluation shows that the ANN model is able to correctly predict the performance of more than 80% of prospective students.