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Nature of Complex Network of Dengue Epidemic as a Scale-Free Network
Hafiz Abid Mahmood Malik,Faiza Abid,Nadeem Mahmood,Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin,Asif Malik 대한의료정보학회 2019 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.25 No.3
Objectives: Dengue epidemic is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that has gained considerable attention due to its injurious effects. The focus of this study is to statically analyze the nature of the dengue epidemic network in terms of whether it follows the features of a scale-free network or a random network. Methods: A multifarious network of Aedes aegypti is addressed keeping the viewpoint of a complex system and modelled as a network. The dengue network has been transformed into a one-mode network from a two-mode network by utilizing projection methods. Furthermore, three network features have been analyzed, the power-law, clustering coefficient, and network visualization. In addition, five methods have been applied to calculate the global clustering coefficient. Results: It has been observed that dengue epidemic follows a powerlaw, with the value of its exponent γ = –2.1. The value of the clustering coefficient is high for dengue cases, as weight of links. The minimum method showed the highest value among the methods used to calculate the coefficient. Network visualization showed the main areas. Moreover, the dengue situation did not remain the same throughout the observed period. Conclusions: The results showed that the network topology exhibits the features of a scale-free network instead of a random network. Focal hubs are highlighted and the critical period is found. Outcomes are important for the researchers, health officials, and policy makers who deal with arbovirus epidemic diseases. Zika virus and Chikungunya virus can also be modelled and analyzed in this manner.
Abid Ali Khan,Moon Jae Yu,Lee,Sang Mong 서울大學校 農科大學 1988 서울대농학연구지 Vol.13 No.1
공시잠품종으로서 96품종중 일본종계 30, 중국종계 33, 유럽종계 24, 열대종계 9품종을 사용하여 계통별 잠품종간의 esterase isozyme의 전기영동적 이동도에 따라 유전적 변이 및 zymogram pattern으로 원산지별 잠품종의 유전적 상호관계를 알기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 96품종의 누에체액의 esterase isozyme를 전기영동적 이동도에 따라 Est 1, Est 2, Est 3, Est 4, Est 5, Est 6, Est 7으로서 모두 7개의 양극으로 이동되는 isozyme을 검출하였다. 2. 원산지 게통별 esterase isozyme의 활성대수는 평균 2∼5개였다. 3. 7종의 esterase band는 그 표현형에 따라 10개의 symogram Pattern(T1-T10)으로 분류되었다. 4. 검출된 esterase isozyme의 대부분은 그 이동도에 따라 느린 부분, 중간부분, 빠른부분의 3부분으로 나누어졌다. 5. 모든 품종에서 공통적으로 검출된 esterase isozyme은 Est 2, Est 6, Est 7이었다. 6. 일본종에만 특이적으로 검출된 esterase는 Est 3이었다. 7. 각각의 esterase band는 이동도가 서로 달랐으나, 일본종 및 중국종에 있어서는 일본종의 Est 3를 제외하고는 서로 비슷한 변이를 보였다. 8. Est 1,Est 2, Est 3, Est 4, Est 5, Est 6,Est7의 계통별 출현 빈도는 일본종계 : 0%, 100%, 33%, 56.6%, 96.6%, 10%, 96.6% 중국종계 : 6.1%, 100%, 0%, 27.3%, 97%, 33.3%, 100% 유럽종계 : 4.2%, 95.8%, 0%, 29.2%, 95.8%, 8.3%, 100% 열대종계 : 0%, 100%, %, 0%, 0%, 100%, 100%였다. 9. 열대종계의 모든 품종은 다같이 Est 2, Est 6, Est 7 등 3개의 band를 공통적으로 가지고 있었다. 10. 모든 계통의 품종당 esterase isozyme의 band수는 2, 3, 4, 5개로서 그 빈도는 일본종계가 0%, 3.3%, 20%, 66.6%, 0%, 0%, 중국종계가 3%, 30.3%, 63.6%, 3%이었고 유럽종계는 3개 및 4개의 band가 각각 50%, 열대종계는 모든 품종 다같이 3개의 band가 100%이었다. 11. 日本種系의 表現型 T9와 中國種系의 T6은 가장 적은 수의 band를 가지고 있었고, 日本種에 만 特異的으로 存在하는 表現型은 T3으로서 3개의 band를 가지고 있었다. 12. 일본종계 및 중국종계가 다른 계통들 보다 esterase isozyme 변이가 심하여 유전적 다양성을 보였으며 중국종계가 일본종계보다 넓은 변이를 보임으로 유전변이의 중심은 중국종이라 생각된다.
Abid Ali,Ki Young Kim 한국지질과학협의회 2016 Geosciences Journal Vol.20 No.6
To determine the near-surface shear wave velocities (Vs) and characterize seismic site conditions in Gangneung, on the east coast of South Korea, passive and active surface waves were recorded at 136 sites. Dispersion images of the Rayleigh waves were obtained by the spatial autocorrelation method and inverted to Vs models. From these one-dimensional Vs models, the depth to the soft bedrock, average Vs at the top of the bedrock, average Vs of the overburden layer, average Vs in the top 30-m interval (Vs30), and average resonance frequency were estimated to be 16 ± 1 m, 481 ± 14 m/s, 254 ± 5 m/s, 374 ± 16 m/s, and 5.5 ± 0.3 Hz, respectively. A lower estimate for Vs30 and a relatively thick overburden layer make the downtown and agricultural areas in the region more prone to significant ground amplifications. Multiple regression analysis of Vs30 yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.79 with respect to the variables of elevation and topographic slope. Using this proxy-based empirical relationship, Vs30 values were computed at 13,583 sites covering the entire city. A microzonation map, constructed based on the Vs30 data, indicates that the ground in Gangneung is categorized mainly into B (44%), C (39%), and D (15%) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program site classes, with minor constituents assigned to the A and E classes.
( Abid Mehmood Yousaf ),( Omer Mustapha ),( Dong Wuk Kim ),( Dong Shik Kim ),( Kyeong Soo Kim ),( Sung Giu Jin ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Yu Seok Youn ),( Yu Kyoung Oh ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Han Gon Choi ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-
Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to develop a novel electrosprayed nanospherule providing the most optimized aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability for poorly water-soluble fenofibrate. Methods: Numerous fenofibrate-loaded electrosprayed nanospherules were prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Labrafil® M 2125 as carriers using the electrospray technique, and the effect of the carriers on drug solubility and solvation was assessed, The solid state characterization of an optimized formulation was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses. Oral bioavailability in rats was also evaluated for the formulation of an optimized nanospherule in comparison with free drug and a conventional fenofibrate-loaded solid dispersion. Results: All of the electrosprayed nanospherule formulations had remarkably enhanced aqueous solubility and dissolution compared with free drug, Moreover, Labrafil M 2125, a surfactant, had a positive influence on the solubility and dissolution of the drug in the elcctrospraycd nanospherulc. Increases were observed as the PVP/drug ratio increased to 4: I, but higher ratios gave no significant increases. In particular, an electrosprayed nanospherule composed of fenofibrate, PVP, and Labrafil M 2125 at the weight ratio of I :4:0,5 resulted in a particle size of <200 nm with the drug present in the amorphous state, It demonstrated the highest solubility (32,51±2.41μg/ml.), an excellent dissolution (-85% in 10 minutes), and an oral bioavailability -2,5-fold better than that ofthe free drug, It showed similar oral bioavailability compared to the conventional solid dispersion, Conclusion: Electrosprayed nanospherules, which provide improved solubility and bioavailability, are promising drug delivery tools for oral administration of poorly water-soluble fenofibrate.
Abid, Muhammad,Khan, Yasir Mehmood Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.6
This paper presents results of the effect of different bolt tightening sequences and methods on the performance of gasketed bolted flange joint using nonlinear finite element analysis. Bolt preload scatter due to elastic interactions, flange stress variation and bolt bending due to flange rotation and gasket contact stress variation is difficult to eliminate in torque control method i.e. tightening one bolt at a time. Although stretch control method (tightening more than one bolt at time) eradicates the bolt preload scatter, flange stress variation is relatively high. Flange joint's performance is compared to establish relative merits and demerits of both the methods and different bolt tightening sequences.
Depth edge detection by image-based smoothing and morphological operations
Abid Hasan, Syed Mohammad,Ko, Kwanghee Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2016 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.3 No.3
Since 3D measurement technologies have been widely used in manufacturing industries edge detection in a depth image plays an important role in computer vision applications. In this paper, we have proposed an edge detection process in a depth image based on the image based smoothing and morphological operations. In this method we have used the principle of Median filtering, which has a renowned feature for edge preservation properties. The edge detection was done based on Canny Edge detection principle and was improvised with morphological operations, which are represented as combinations of erosion and dilation. Later, we compared our results with some existing methods and exhibited that this method produced better results. However, this method works in multiframe applications with effective framerates. Thus this technique will aid to detect edges robustly from depth images and contribute to promote applications in depth images such as object detection, object segmentation, etc.