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Malik Abdul Rub,Naved Azum,Farah Khan,Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi,Abdullah M. Asiri 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.10
We studied the influence of cationic hydrotrope aniline hydrochloride on the micellization behavior of cationic amphiphilic phenothiazine drug promazine hydrochloride in the presence and absence of 50mmol kg−1 NaCl. The experimental critical micelle concentration (CMC) values came out to be lower than ideal CMC (CMCid) values, signifying attractive interactions between the two components in mixed micelles. NaCl further decreases the CMC of pure PMZ and aniline hydrochloride as well as their mixture due to screening of the electrostatic repulsion among the polar head groups. The bulk properties of solution were examined by using different theoretical models for justification and comparison of results. The micellar mole fraction of aniline hydrochloride (X1 Rub, X1 M, X1 Rod and X1 id) was evaluated by different proposed models, showing greater contribution of hydrotrope in mixed micelle. The negative values of interaction parameter (β) indicate synergistic interactions and negative values of β further decrease by the addition of salt in mixed systems. From the CMC values as a function of temperature, various thermodynamic properties have been evaluated and discussed in detail.
Malik Abdul Rub,Abdullah M. Asiri,Naved Azum,Anish Khan,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Sher Bahadar Khan,Mohammed M. Rahman,Kabir-ud-Din 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.6
Herein we report the micellization and cloud point of an amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) under the influence of cationic, anionic and nonionic hydrotropes. Anionic hydrotropes were employed to know the micellar and surface behaviors, besides studying the clouding behavior of AMT drug with cationic,anionic and nonionic hydrotropes. Tensiometric study has been performed and the properties studied include the critical micelle concentration (cmc), maximum surface excess at the air/water interface (Gmax), the minimum area per of amphiphilic molecule at air/water interface (Amin), and the different thermodynamic parameters, besides clouding phenomenon. Interaction parameters of micelles (bm) and monolayer (bs) indicate that drug-hydrotrope systems show better interaction at the interface than in micelles.
Malik Abdul Rub,Abdullah M. Asiri,Naved Azum,Kabir-ud-Din 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of various anionic hydrotropes on the self-aggregation and phase behavior of amphiphilic drug promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) and to search for means which reduce/increase the values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) and boost/suppress the cloud point (CP), respectively, used in pharmaceutical formulations. By using regular solution theory (RST) and Rosen’s model various micellar and surface properties such as micellar composition, surface excess concentration (Gmax), interaction parameters (bm, bs) etc. have been determined. The solution micellar behaviors were also investigated using Motomura and Rodenas models for defense and comparison of results. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and discussed.
Malik, Gulam Nabi,Sofi, Abdul Majeed,Haque Rufaie, Syed Zia,Singh, Tejender Paul,Aijaz, Mohammad,Malik, Manzoor Ahmad,Dar, Habib Ullah Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.2
Components of genetic variation were estimated for five metric traits using 24 biparental progenies (N. C. Design III) generated from F$_2$ generation of a commercial bivoltine silkworm hybrid, SH$_{6}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Variance due to additive ($\sigma$$^2$A) and dominance ($\sigma$$^2$D) gene effects was significant for single cocoon weight and shell weight. However, magnitude of former was greater than latter indicating preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these two traits. Average degree of dominance was in the range of partial dominance for all the traits. High estimates of heritability (ns) indicated operation of genes with large additive effects, hence, scope exists for improvement of present populations through a few cycles of selection.n.
Malik Abdul Rub,Naved Azum,Dileep Kumar,Farah Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Various additives viz. hydrotropes, bile salts, fatty acid and cyclodextrin effect on the cloudpoint (CP) behavior of amphiphilic drug promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) in 1 mmol dm 3 14-4-14 + 10 mmol dm 3 sodium phosphate (SP) buffer solutions have been investigated in the present study. These various additives are usually used as pharmaceutical excipients. The additives like anionichydrotropes, bile salts and fatty acid salts increase the CP of PMZ, when added in low concentrations,whereas at high concentration, decrease it. Cationic and nonionic hydrotropes increase the CP of PMZsolutions at all concentration. Cyclodextrin behave like simple sugar is found to decrease the CP of thedrug solutions at all concentrations. Gemini surfactant (14-4-14) has been found a better surfactant thatcan prevent clouding under physiological condition. It can thus be used as a drug-carrier system thatincreases the storage stability. The thermodynamic parameters are also evaluated: where DGocis foundto be negative and DHoc and TDSocvalues are negative as well as positive depending upon type and natureof additive.
Rehman, Malik Abdul,Akhtar, Imtisal,Choi, Woosuk,Akbar, Kamran,Farooq, Ayesha,Hussain, Sajjad,Shehzad, Muhammad Arslan,Chun, Seung-Hyun,Jung, Jongwan,Seo, Yongho Elsevier 2018 Carbon Vol.132 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells are widely studied in relation to the harvesting of solar energy, but high efficiency is limited due to surface recombination at the interface. Moreover, surface defects, wrinkles, and impurities may arise during the wet transfer process of graphene. We propose an easy approach to fabricate high efficiency solar cells by using directly grown graphene on a textured substrate with a large active area. In our novel technique, we directly grow a few layers of graphene on top of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/Si by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The high-k dielectric layer of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> acts as an electron blocking layer which minimizes the surface recombination at the interface. Furthermore, the barrier width is optimized by controlling the thickness of the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> interlayer to achieve the highest efficiency of 8.4%. The devices were not intentionally doped, and no aging effect was found in 9 months. We believe that our stable solar cell results indicate a new route for the production of metal-insulator-semiconductor Schottky junction solar cells with high efficiency without need of chemical doping of the emitter layer.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Thickness-dependent efficiency of directly grown graphene based solar cells
Rehman, Malik Abdul,Roy, Sanjib Baran,Akhtar, Imtisal,Bhopal, Muhammad Fahad,Choi, Woosuk,Nazir, Ghazanfar,Khan, Muhammad Farooq,Kumar, Sunil,Eom, Jonghwa,Chun, Seung-Hyun,Seo, Yongho Elsevier 2019 Carbon Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It is of immense interest to improve the power conversion efficiency of graphene/silicon Schottky junction solar cells. The ultrathin graphene has essential properties, such as tunable work function to increase Schottky barrier height and built-in potential for efficient charge transport in photovoltaic devices. Here, we use plasma-enhanced CVD to grow graphene directly on planar n-type silicon to fabricate solar cells compatible for industrial-level applications. A key component to our accomplishment is the optimization of directly grown, continuous layers of graphene to achieve superior performance. Thus, by controlling the graphene thickness, the work function is significantly improved, the open circuit voltage is increased, and the energy conversion efficiency is enhanced. While the transfer of CVD grown graphene has limitations due to cracks and impurities during the complex process, our direct growth method demonstrates an efficiency of 5.51 % on bare planar silicon with a large device area. Furthermore, the efficiency is remarkably increased to 9.18 % by adding and doping a polymer layer. Interestingly, with the addition of a doped polymer layer, the cell exhibits excellent stability for at least one month. Our result suggests a promising simple path to fabricate high efficiency solar cells at low temperature and low cost.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Institutional Ownership Heterogeneity and Earnings Management Practices
Muhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOBMuhammad Adnan PARWAR,Shahzad HUSSAIN,Abdul WAHEED,Qaisar Ali MALIK,Muddasir MEHBOOB 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6
The manipulation of the firms’ earnings reported in the financial statements, also known as earnings management, is common among companies. The current study examined the relationship of institutional ownership heterogeneity and earnings management practices through the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach. The study adopted the Kothari et al. (2005) model for the measurement of earnings management practices. The research classified the institutional investors into different categories such as mutual funds, pension funds, investment companies, foreign companies, and group ownership. The study analyzed the selected variables by tanking a sample of 206 listed companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for 2013 to 2018. Consistent with agency theory, the results reveal that mutual funds and financial firms’ ownership curtail earnings management practices. Our results reveal the negligible effect of group ownership, investment companies’ ownership, and pension funds ownership in curtailing the earnings management practices in Pakistan. As a result, the findings support monitoring the role of hedge funds and international ownership in earnings management, which restricts managers’ opportunistic behavior. Thus, the proclivity of earnings management practices by managers is mitigated by mutual funds and foreign ownership as compared to the other institutional ownership structure in Pakistani firms.