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Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Dairy Cattle Manure in a Cattle Shed in Japan
Arika Aizawa,Akane Miyazaki,Nobuyuki Tanaka KOSAE·JSAE·CSES-CSAE 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.3
The livestock industry is a major source of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but details on these emissions are not well documented in Japan. In particular, it remains unclear how the rearing method affects the emissions of VOCs from livestock, which originate primarily from feces and urine. Here we aimed to estimate the amounts of VOCs emitted from the feces and urine of tethered Holstein dairy cattle in a cattle shed in Japan. Dimethyl sulfide and acetone accounted for about 60% of the total VOCs emitted from feces, followed by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Also, dimethyl sulfide and acetone were the dominant VOCs emitted from urine, accounting for 90% of the total VOCs. The VOCs from manure were considered to be emitted between the excretion and removal of the manure during the cleaning of the shed. As a result of analyzing images from three cameras installed in the shed, the average time between excretion and cleaning during the daytime (8:00 am-5:00 pm) was 80 min for feces and urine, whereas at night (5:00 pm-7:00 am), the average time between excretion and cleaning was 480 min. Based on the above findings, the emissions of VOCs in the interval between excretion and cleaning of the shed were estimated. As a result, the emissions of VOCs from feces and urine per head of cattle in the shed were estimated to be 1.75 and 1.52 g day<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Furthermore, contribution of VOCs emitted from manure to odor activity value (OAV) and hydroxyl radical reactivity (OHR) were also estimated. Volatile fatty acids and sulfur compounds emitted from feces estimated to have high contribution to OAV, whereas aldehydes contributed mainly for OHR from manure.
PC-766B' and PC-766B, 16-Membered Macrolide Angiogenesis Inhibitors Produced by Nocardia sp. RK97-56
KO, HACK-RYONG,KAKEYA, HIDEAKI,YOSHIDA, ARIKA,ONOSE, RIE,UEKI, MASASHI,MUROI, MAKOTO,TAKATSUKI, AKIRA,MATSUZAKI, HIROSHI,OSADA, HIROYUKI 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2002 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.12 No.5
Angiogenesis is an essential event in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, effective inhibition of event is a promising strategy for treating angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer. The current study investigated two unique bafilomycin-type macrolide inhibitors of angiogenesis, PC-766B' (1) and PC-766B (2). The strain RK97-56 which produced the inhibitors was identified as Nocardia sp. by chemotaxonomic analyses, and the purification of the inhibitors was guided by their anti-angiogenic actives. PC-766B' (1) and PC-766B (2) exhibited potent inhibitory activities towards endothelial cell migration stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).
Environmental Quality in Indonesia: Disruption by Economic Agents
AZWARDI, Azwardi,SUKANTO, Sukanto,ADNAN, Nazeli,KURNIAWAN, Arika Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 Asian journal of business environment Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of economic agents, such as the amount of government expenditure on the environment, households, manufacturing industry, and shipping activities; on environmental degradation in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study is conducted with 264 observations from panel data of 33 provinces during 2010-2017. Environmental degradation is measured by using the environmental quality index collected from Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Three testing models are used to test the panel data, namely Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). Results: The research findings show that the amount of government expenditure on the environment, households, and shipping activities have a negative and significant effects on environmental degradation, while the number of manufacturing industry has positive and significant effect on environmental degradation. Unlike the previous studies, the result also shows that government expenditure on environmental has a positive and significant effect on environmental quality index. Conclusion: It can be concluded that even though Indonesian government spent a low budget on environment, their environmental regulation has succeeded both in reducing environmental degradation and increasing the environmental quality as indicated by Indonesian environmental quality index.
Environmental Quality in Indonesia: Disruption by Economic Agents
Azwardi AZWARDI,Sukanto SUKANTO,Nazeli ADNAN,Arika KURNIAWAN 한국유통과학회 2022 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of economic agents, such as the amount of government expenditure on the environment, households, manufacturing industry, and shipping activities; on environmental degradation in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study is conducted with 264 observations from panel data of 33 provinces during 2010-2017. Environmental degradation is measured by using the environmental quality index collected from Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Three testing models are used to test the panel data, namely Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). Results: The research findings show that the amount of government expenditure on the environment, households, and shipping activities have a negative and significant effects on environmental degradation, while the number of manufacturing industry has positive and significant effect on environmental degradation. Unlike the previous studies, the result also shows that government expenditure on environmental has a positive and significant effect on environmental quality index. Conclusion: It can be concluded that even though Indonesian government spent a low budget on environment, their environmental regulation has succeeded both in reducing environmental degradation and increasing the environmental quality as indicated by Indonesian environmental quality index.