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Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres from rubber wood by hydrothermal carbonization
Ahmed Khan, Tanveer,Kim, Hyun‐,Joong,Gupta, Arun,Jamari, Saidatul S,Jose, Rajan John WileySons, Ltd 2019 Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Vol.94 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Carbon is the raw material for many commercial products; conventionally their production is from non‐renewable sources such as petroleum coke, pitch and coal. Recently carbon has been obtained from bioresources because of their renewability and high lignocellulosic content. This article details the synthesis of carbon microspheres from rubber wood, which is one of the largest commodity plants, via hydrothermal carbonization (hydrothermal rubber wood carbon; HTRW carbon) and evaluation of their characteristics.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Two sets of carbon were synthesized: (i) in the first set, excess of water (20–40 × weight of biomass) was used in the hydrothermal process at 180–260 °C for 3–9 h; and (ii) in the second set, water ratio was 25–35 × weight of biomass and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reaction temperature was fixed at 260 °C. The H/C and O/C ratios of starting rubber wood were ∼1.78 and ∼0.85, respectively, which upon processing through the first strategy resulted in H/C ∼0.78 and O/C ∼0.29; thereby suggesting increased condensation under HTC. On the other hand, the carbonization process was accelerated by water when the temperature was maintained at 260 °C; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies show that this carbon has a different chemical structure from the starting rubber wood. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that HTRW carbon was in the form of microspheres (size ∼1.5–5 µm).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>HTRW carbon with carbon content as high as 68% was developed from rubber wood biomass by hydrothermal processing of a mixture containing 35 times more water than the solid raw biomass at a temperature of 260 °C for 7 h. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE COAST OF CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH
Ahmed Khan, Yusuf Sharif,Alauddin Talukder, Abul Bashar Mohammad,Begum, Jahanara 영남대학교 해양과학연구소 1997 Marine Nature Vol.5 No.1
ABSTRACT :A total of 5 samples of marine sediments were analyzed for residues of organochlorine insecticide from the coast of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The analytical method consisted of 3 phases 1) extraction, 2) clean-up and 3) analysis through Gas Chromatography (GC) with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The concentration ranges were as follows 0.18-1.33 ng.g-¹ for aldrin, 0.2-1.84 ng.g-¹ for dieldrin, 0.30-1.31 ng.g-¹ for endrin, 0.11-0.26 ng.g-¹ for lindane, 0.56-3.36 ng.g-¹ for heptachlor, 0.2-1.51 ng.g-¹ for P, P' DDE, 0.18-2.91 ng.g-¹ for P, P' DDD, 0.11-3.12 ng.g-¹ for P, P' DDT. These results reveal that the sediments in the coast of Chittagong are slightly contaminated with some of these organochlorine insecticides.
AHMED, Wahab,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,RAUF, Abdul,ULHAQ, SM Nabeel,BANO, Safia,SARWAR, Bilal,HUDA, Shams ul,KHAN, Mirwaise,WALI, Ahmed,DURRANI, Maryam Najeeb Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.
A Machine-Learning-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization for IBN-Based Orchestration
Khan Talha Ahmed,Khizar Abbas,Afaq Muhammad,Wang-Cheol Song 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2
Modern networks are aimed at offering state-of-the-art services for their users. However, each impending service requires a distinct KPI (Key Performance Indicators) and is distributed over an extensive infrastructure. Thus, requiring a complex service orchestration procedure having explicit policies throughout the low-level network infrastructure. However, the achievement of such policies at the low level over globally distributed, multi-vendor infrastructure has multi-dimensional complexity. Also, it is very challenging to perform dynamic assessment and update procedure at low-level infrastructure using traditional approaches. Hence, this manuscript, on one end, considers resolving multi-dimensional KPI achievement through Machine-Learning assisted multi-objective optimization. On the other hand, it uses the IBN approach that enables high-level service definition, and it automates the policy deployment on the low-level infrastructure.
AHMED SHERAZ,카즈미 와자하트 와히드,Hussain Amjad,Khan Muhammad Zubair,Bibi Saira,Saleem Mohsin,송락현,Sajid Zaman,Ullah Abid,Muhammad Kashif Khan 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.2
Herein, we report a facilely synthesized Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (SSC) nano-catalyst as a cathode material for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The SSC nano-catalyst was synthesized by a sol–gel process using citric acid and metal nitrates and calcination was performed at a relatively low temperature of 1250 ℃. The crystallinity and morphology of the catalyst were observed by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The average particle size of the SSC powder was 100 nm after calcination at 1250 °C. The resulting SSC material was employed as a cathode for the SOFC. The SOFC cell with highly active SSC showed a peak power density of 900 mWcm−2 at 700 °C. The single cell with an SSC cathode showed excellent stability under the accelerated operating conditions of 0.5A/cm2 and 650 °C for 1250 min. The cell performance was enhanced during the initial hours of the long-term operation which is attributed to the cathode activation process and improved cathode/buffer layer interface contact. This work features a cost-effective, scalable, and reproducible method for the production of highly robust SSC cathode material for the SOFC under relatively low calcination temperatures.
Ahmed Suhaib,Ghaffar Abdul,Zaheer Zaidi Syed Shahid,Islam Tahir,Khan Muhammad Mumtaz,Islam Fazila,Kincl Tomas,Sheikh Altaf Ahmed 한국마케팅과학회 2024 마케팅과학연구 Vol.34 No.2
Factors developing brand loyalty through social media influencers (SMIs) are immensely important to academics and marketing practitioners since it is a remarkable driver of organizational success. This research investigates the impact of SMIs homophily in developing customer brand engagement (CBE) and its impact on BL. We collected valid data from 412 respondents using laptop brands in Pakistan and used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the SMIs homophily is crucial in establishing CBE and BL. The results further show that CBE’s emotional and cognitive dimensions significantly mediate the relationship between SMIs homophily and BL. However, the emotional CBE has a stronger mediating impact on BL. The study provides valuable insights for brandmanagers to hire SMIs who resemble their fans to grab their loyalty toward the brand. This study unfolds new avenues in social media marketing, consumer behavior, and branding literature by understanding the association between SMIs homophily, CBE, and BL.