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Yi A. Liu,Phyu P. Aung,Yunyi Wang,Jing Ning,Priyadharsini Nagarajan,Jonathan L. Curry,Carlos A. Torres-Cabala,Doina Ivan,Victor G. Prieto,Qingqing Ding,조우철 대한병리학회 2024 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.58 No.2
Background: Although trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) was initially thought to be highly sensitive and specific for carcinomas and mesenchymal tumors of mammary origin, more recent data suggest its expression is not limited to breast neoplasms but also can be seen in other cutaneous neoplasms, such as extramammary Paget disease and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ. Methods: Two-hundred cases of non-melanocytic cutaneous neoplasm, including basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) (n = 41), SCCs (n = 35), Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) (n = 25), and adnexal neoplasms (n = 99), were tested for TRPS1 expression using a monoclonal anti-TRPS1 rabbit anti-human antibody. Results: TRPS1 expression was present in almost all cases of SCC (94%), with a median H-score of 200, while it was either absent or only focally present in most BCCs (90%), with a median H-score of 5. The difference between BCCs and SCCs in H-score was significant (p < .001). All MCCs (100%) lacked TRPS1 expression. TRPS1 expression was frequently seen in most adnexal neoplasms, benign and malignant, in variable intensity and proportion but was consistently absent in apocrine carcinomas. All endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinomas (EMPSGCs) (100%, 6/6) showed diffuse and strong TRPS1 immunoreactivity, with a median H-score of 300, which was significantly different (p < .001) than that of BCCs. Conclusions: Our study shows that TRPS1 may be an effective discriminatory marker for BCCs and SCCs. It also has a role in distinguishing BCCs from EMPSGCs.
STM imaging, spectroscopy and manipulation of a self-assembled PTCDI monolayer on epitaxial graphene
Yang, H.,Mayne, A. J.,Comtet, G.,Dujardin, G.,Kuk, Y.,Sonnet, Ph.,Stauffer, L.,Nagarajan, S.,Gourdon, A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.15 No.14
<P>Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS), and manipulation studies were performed on an ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis(1-hexylheptyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) molecules on epitaxial graphene on hexagonal silicon carbide – SiC(0001). Four novel aspects of the molecular SAM on graphene are presented. Molecules adsorb in both armchair and zig-zag configurations, giving rise to six orientations of the molecular layer with respect to the underlying substrate. The interaction between the molecules and the graphene surface shifts the LUMO towards the Fermi level, inducing a charge transfer and the opening of a band gap in the graphene, with the LUMO inside. This decouples the LUMO from the surface rendering it invisible in the d<I>I</I>/d<I>V</I> spectroscopy. The HOMO only becomes visible at short tip-surface distances, as its energy lies within the band gap of the SiC substrate. Finally, the observed molecular defects are very particular, being composed exclusively of molecular dimers. These molecular dimers have a stronger interaction with the graphene than other molecules.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of a self-assembled hexyl heptyl PTCDI monolayer on epitaxial graphene reveal molecules adsorbed in two configurations. Charge transfer induces band gap opening in graphene and decouples the LUMO. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp42591f'> </P>
Yang, H.,Boudrioua, O.,Mayne, A. J.,Comtet, G.,Dujardin, G.,Kuk, Y.,Sonnet, Ph.,Stauffer, L.,Nagarajan, S.,Gourdon, A. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.5
<P>Controlling the intrinsic optical and electronic properties of a single molecule adsorbed on a surface requires electronic decoupling of some molecular orbitals from the surface states. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations are used to study a perylene molecule derivative (DHH-PTCDI), adsorbed on the clean 3 × 3 reconstructed wide band gap silicon carbide surface (SiC(0001)-3 × 3). We find that the LUMO of the adsorbed molecule is invisible in <I>I</I>(<I>V</I>) spectra due to the absence of any surface or bulk states and that the HOMO has a very low saturation current in <I>I</I>(<I>z</I>) spectra. These results present a paradox that the molecular orbitals are electronically isolated from the surface of the wide band gap semiconductor even though strong chemical bonds are formed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Organic molecule adsorption on the SiC surface forms strong chemical bonds but certain molecular orbitals are electronically decoupled from the substrate. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp23104b'> </P>
MACROECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT AND EXTERNAL DEPENDENCY IN SUB - SAHARAN AFRICA
NAGARAJAN, P.,SPEARS, A. 한국국제경제학회 1990 International Economic Journal Vol.4 No.4
This paper examines the behavioral parameters of the IS equations for eight countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical results show an overall destabilizing effect rooted in the parameters of the IS functions. The study lends support to the view that recourse to external financing, to balance the I-S gap in the short-run. leads LDCs economies into a state of structural dependency on foreign capital, entailing a reduction in domestic capital formation and growth through an increased reliance on imports and an inefficient allocation of domestic savings.
A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy
Vijayakumar Karthikeyan A,조광원,Maharajan Nagarajan,Jang Chul Ho 한국뇌신경과학회 2022 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.4
Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems is one of the causes of tinnitus. This damage has numerous causes, such as loud noise, aging, and ototoxicity. All these sources excite the cells of the auditory pathway, producing reactive oxygen species that leads to the death of sensory neural hair cells. This causes involuntary movement of the tectorial membrane, resulting in the buzzing noise characteristic of tinnitus. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic scavenging activity inside a cell that has evolved as a cell survival mechanism. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of autophagy against oxidative stress, which is one of the reasons for cell excitation. This review compiles several studies that highlight the role of autophagy in protecting sensory neural hair cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. This could facilitate the development of strategies to treat tinnitus by activating autophagy.
A. Nagarajan,V. Sethuraman,T.M. Sridhar,R. Sasikumar 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.120 No.-
In this study, glassy carbon electrode modified by Au@NiO decorated polypyrrole nanocomposite(Au@NiO/PPy-GCE) was fabricated for sensing of cholesterol by non-enzymatic electrochemical method. The composite was characterized by XRD, XPS and morphological studies were examined using FE-SEMand TEM. The redox properties of cholesterol were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. When differentialpulse voltammetry was employed to sense cholesterol, it exhibited a linear range from 1.0 10-5 to1.0 10-4 M, with the sensitivity 7.6 lA lM1 cm2 and detection limit 5.8 x10-7 M. Hence, this compositehas excellent practical applications towards the fabrication of commercial sensors.
A. Madhankumar,S. Nagarajan,N. Rajendran,T. Nishimura 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.6
This work examines the effect of silicon (Si) nanoparticles on the corrosion protection performance of epoxy coating over carbon steel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The EIS was performed in a 0.1 M NaCl solution after a wet/dry cyclic corrosion and continuous immersion test. The addition of Si nanoparticles increased the film resistance (Rf) and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the coated steel. The surface analysis showed that uniform and fine Si-Fe complex oxides layers were formed acting as barrier layers that enhanced the corrosion protection of the coated steel in the wet/dry cyclic corrosion test. The results of the EIS of the coated steel with Si nanoparticles suggested that Si nanoparticles play a beneficial role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of organic coated steel.
BIP: A dimensionality reduction for image indexing
Minu R.I.,Nagarajan G.,Prem Jacob T.,Pravin A. 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.3
Searching on internet is one of the daily task done by millions of users around the Globe. There is an urge for effective indexing scheme for unstructured data, which provide better search results. The image, content report, and site pages are said to be unstructured database. These information are not sorted out so the recovery rates of these information are purposely low when contrasted with indexed database. These information are indexed concerning their cues is one of the challenging areas to be explored. For the client require, the data recovery segment endeavors to coordinate the client question with the indexed database will provide effective recovery rates. In this paper a new image indexing scheme called Basic intrinsic pattern (BIP) is elaborated, which uses the image intensity as the key variable for image indexing. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to the size of the feature vector and the retrieval rate.
SHVC performance enhancement using superior step search algorithm
Dhanalakshmi. A,Nagarajan G.,Balaji. L 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.3
The SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding) standard developed as an extension to H.265 HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) that focus on data transmission over heterogeneous network with wide scalability. In this paper a Superior Step Search (SSS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the PSNR performance along with coding efficiency without much increase in the computational complexity. The proposed SSS algorithm performs dynamic search to predict the best matching block using a fine search pattern. Simulation results show 0.5% average increased performance in PSNR and 32% coding efficiency in Bit rate when compared with the SHM reference software.
Combined spatial temporal based In-loop filter for scalable extension of HEVC
Dhanalakshmi. A,Nagarajan G. 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.4
Deep learning plays a major role in the present video processing tools and algorithms. To alleviate the limitations of present in-loop filters in the scalable extension of HEVC (SHVC), a combined residual network (CResNet) in-loop filtering is proposed in this paper. The proposed CResNet in-loop filter exploits layer information available in the spatial temporal domain to restrain the visual artifacts like blocking and ringing. Particularly, the block information related to current and co-located blocks of the spatial and temporal base layer reference frames are considered to optimize the in-loop filtering. The proposed architecture has four convolution layers at the base layer and two convolution layers at the enhancement layer that significantly reduces the coding complexity and memory. Additionally to completely train the input content and also to enhance the in-loop filter performance, the on/off level control flag for coding tree Unit (CTU) is sensed using rate distortion optimization (RDO) approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture provides up to 6.2% to 7.2% reduction in bit rate and 1.01 dB improvement in PSNR compared to the standard SHVC codec.