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Environmentally friendly preparation of exfoliated graphite
H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,H. Sattar,N.W. Brown,E.P.L. Roberts 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
Graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) have received global attention in the last decade because of the growing number of applications of these materials. Conventionally, bisulfate intercalated graphite is synthesized by chemical intercalation; which requires concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) and an oxidizing agent such as H2O2 and HNO3. In this study, bisulfate intercalated graphite was prepared by electrochemical intercalation using dilute sulfuric acid with the aim to reduce the sulfur content in the final product. The electrochemical intercalation method required sulfuric acid with half of the concentration of that required for chemical intercalation, and without the need for an oxidizing agent. Chinese natural large flake graphite was used as the raw material for the electrochemical process. The GIC was characterized by the exfoliation volume obtained by thermal shock at a temperature of 850℃. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration, electrochemical treatment time, particle size and temperature on the exfoliation volume was investigated. It was found that the exfoliation volume of the GIC-bisulfate, which is a function of degree of intercalation, can be controlled using the sulfuric acid concentration and treatment time. A sulfuric acid concentration of 50% and an electrochemical treatment time of 60 min were found to produce a GIC with the maximum exfoliation volume for the range of conditions studied.
Two-hole structure outsideNi78: Existence of aμsisomer ofCo76andβdecay intoNi76
Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sieja, K.,Werner, V.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Watanabe, H.,Wu, J.,Baba, H.,Dom American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.5
Watanabe, H.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Otsuka, T.,Ogawa, K.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Li, Z.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.113 No.4
<P>A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in (126)Pd and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10(+) with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h(11/2) orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in (126)Ag. The smaller energy difference between the 10(+) and 7(-) isomers in (126)Pd than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h(11/2) neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below (132)Sn are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces.</P>
H.M.A. Asghar,S.N. Hussain,E.P.L. Roberts,A.K. Campen,N.W. Brown 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.5
With the aim to address waste water treatment problems, a novel and economic water treatment technology was introduced at the University of Manchester. It comprised of a unique combination of adsorption and electrochemical regeneration in a single unit. This process successfully eliminated a number of organic pollutants by using an electrically conducting adsorbent material called NyexTM which was a modified form of synthetic graphite. To expand the scope of other graphite types in waste water treatment applications, natural vein and recycled vein graphite materials were selected for electrochemical surface treatment (pre-treatment) in order to evaluate their adsorptive and electrical properties. New graphite based adsorbents were developed and characterized using a laser diffraction particle size analyser,BET surface area, SEM analysis, X-ray (EDS) elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Boehm surface titration, Zeta potential electrical bed conductivity and bulk density measurements. Boehm surface titration and EDS (X-ray) elemental analysis showed a significant increase in oxygen containing surface functional groups. Although, no significant improvement in bed electrical conductivity was found to occur after electrochemical surface treatment, however, natural vein and recycled vein graphite materials presented highest bed electrical conductivity amongst competing graphite materials. Aqueous solution of acid violet 17 as a standard pollutant was used to evaluate the comparative performance of these adsorbents. The investigations revealed that electrochemical surface treatment contributed to an increase in the adsorption capacity by a factor of two only for natural vein graphite. Un-treated recycled vein graphite adsorbent delivered the same adsorptive capacity (3.0 mg g-1) to that of electrochemically treated natural vein graphite. The electrochemical regeneration efficiency at around 100% was obtained using a treatment time of 60 and 30 min, current density of 14 mA cm-2, charge passed of 36 and 18 C g-1 for synthetic graphite, natural and recycled vein graphite materials respectively. Relatively a small consumption of electrical energy, 24 J g-1 for regenerating natural vein graphite adsorbent versus 36 J g-1 for synthetic graphite adsorbent, was found to be required for destruction/oxidation of adsorbed acid violet 17. Multiple adsorption/regeneration cycles presented no loss in adsorptive capacity over 5adsorption/regeneration cycles. The use of natural and recycled vein graphite adsorbents offered some advantages over graphite intercalation based adsorbents with reduced electrical energy consumption during regeneration and simpler separation of particulate adsorbent.
Observation of a γ-decaying millisecond isomeric state in <sup>128</sup>Cd<sub>80</sub>
Jungclaus, A.,Grawe, H.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Simpson, G.S.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Xu, Z.Y.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Fukuda, N.,Gernhauser, R.,Gey, G.,Inabe, N.,Isobe North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Physics letters. Section B Vol.772 No.-
A new high-spin isomer in the neutron-rich nucleus <SUP>128</SUP>Cd was populated in the projectile fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. A half-life of T<SUB>½</SUB>=6.3(8) ms was measured for the new state which was tentatively assigned a spin/parity of (15<SUP>-</SUP>). The experimental results are compared to shell model calculations performed using state-of-the-art realistic effective interactions and to the neighbouring nucleus <SUP>129</SUP>Cd. In the present experiment no evidence was found for the decay of a 18<SUP>+</SUP>E6 spin-trap isomer, based on the complete alignment of the two-neutron and two-proton holes in the 0h<SUB>1½</SUB> and the 0g<SUB>9/2</SUB> orbit, respectively, which is predicted to exist by the shell model.
Results of availability imposed configuration details developed for K-DEMO
Brown, T.,Titus, P.,Brooks, A.,Zhang, H.,Neilson, H.,Im, K.,Kim, K. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fusion engineering and design Vol.109 No.2
The Korean fusion demonstration reactor (K-DEMO) has completed a two year study looking at key Tokamak components and configuration options in preparation of a conceptual design phase. A key part of a device configuration centers on defining an arrangement that enhances the ability to reach high availability values by defining design solutions that foster simplified maintenance operations. To maximize the size and minimize the number of in-vessel components enlarged TF coils were defined that incorporate a pair of windings within each coil to mitigate pressure drop issues and to reduce the cost of the coils. A semi-permanent shield structure was defined to develop labyrinth interfaces between double-null plasma contoured shield modules, provide an entity to align blanket components and provide support against disruption loads-with a load path that equilibrates blanket, TF and PF loads through a base structure. Blanket piping services and auxiliary systems that interface with in-vessel components have played a major role in defining the overall device arrangement-concept details will be presented along with general arrangement features and preliminary results obtained from disruption analysis.
Development of prototype induced-fission-based Pu accountancy instrument for safeguards applications
Seo, H.,Lee, S.K.,An, S.J.,Park, S.H.,Ku, J.H.,Menlove, H.O.,Rael, C.D.,LaFleur, A.M.,Browne, M.C. Pergamon Press 2016 Applied radiation and isotopes Vol.115 No.-
Prototype safeguards instrument for nuclear material accountancy (NMA) of uranium/transuranic (U/TRU) products that could be produced in a future advanced PWR fuel processing facility has been developed and characterized. This is a new, hybrid neutron measurement system based on fast neutron energy multiplication (FNEM) and passive neutron albedo reactivity (PNAR) methods. The FNEM method is sensitive to the induced fission rate by fast neutrons, while the PNAR method is sensitive to the induced fission rate by thermal neutrons in the sample to be measured. The induced fission rate is proportional to the total amount of fissile material, especially plutonium (Pu), in the U/TRU product; hence, the Pu amount can be calibrated as a function of the induced fission rate, which can be measured using either the FNEM or PNAR method. In the present study, the prototype system was built using six <SUP>3</SUP>He tubes, and its performance was evaluated for various detector parameters including high-voltage (HV) plateau, efficiency profiles, dead time, and stability. The system's capability to measure the difference in the average neutron energy for the FNEM signature also was evaluated, using AmLi, PuBe, <SUP>252</SUP>Cf, as well as four Pu-oxide sources each with a different impurity (Al, F, Mg, and B) and producing (α,n) neutrons with different average energies. Future work will measure the hybrid signature (i.e., FNEMxPNAR) for a Pu source with an external interrogating neutron source after enlarging the cavity size of the prototype system to accommodate a large-size Pu source (~600g Pu).
Jungclaus, A.,Gargano, A.,Grawe, H.,Taprogge, J.,Nishimura, S.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Shimizu, Y.,Simpson, G. S.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Sumikama, T.,Xu, Z. Y.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Fukuda, N.,G American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.4
<P>For the first time, the gamma decay of excited states has been observed in a nucleus situated in the quadrant south-east of doubly magic Sn-132, a region in which experimental information so far is limited to ground-state properties. Six gamma rays with energies of 50, 86, 103, 227, 357, and 602 keV were observed following the beta-delayed neutron emission from Cd-133(85), populated in the projectile fission of a U-238 beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN within the EURICA project. The new experimental information is compared to the results of a modern realistic shell-model calculation, the first one in this region very far from stability, focusing in particular on the pi 0g(9/2)(-1) circle times nu 1f(7/2) particle-hole multiplet in In-132(83). In addition, theoretical estimates based on a scaling of the two-body matrix elements for the pi h(11/2)(-1) circle times nu g(9/2) analog multiplet in Tl-208(127), one major proton and one major neutron shell above, are presented.</P>
Chemotherapy and patient co-morbidity in ventral site hernia development
Mark A. Rettenmaier,Lisa N. Abaid,John V. Brown III,John P. Micha,Bram H. Goldstein 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.4
Objective: The risk factors associated with early ventral site hernia development following cancer surgery are ill defined and associated with an undetermined incidence. Methods: We analyzed 1,391 gynecologic cancer patient charts to identify the number of post-operative ventral site hernias over a nearly 6 year period. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: patient demographics, disease co-morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes), body mass index (BMI), treatment (e.g., chemotherapy regimen), intra-operative (e.g., bleeding) and postoperative (e.g., infection) complications, time to hernia development and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-six gynecologic cancer patients who developed a post-operative ventral hernia and subsequently underwent herniorrhaphy by our gynecologic oncology service were identified. The patient group’s overall time to initial hernia development was 11.23 months. Following a multiple regression analysis, we found that treatment (e.g., bevacizumab, liposomal doxorubicin or radiotherapy associated with compromised wound healing [p=0.0186] and disease co-morbidity [0.0432]) were significant prognostic indicators for an accelerated time to hernia development. Moreover, five patients underwent treatment associated with compromised wound healing and also had disease co-morbidity. In this sub-group, post-operative hernia development occurred more rapidly (3.8 months) than the overall group of patients. BMI and age did not impact time to hernia development (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the present gynecologic cancer patient series, a tendency for early post-operative hernia development appeared to coincide with treatment associated with compromised wound healing and disease co-morbidity. Gynecologic cancer surgeons should anticipate this potential complication and consider employing prophylactic intra-operative mesh to potentially prevent this condition. Objective: The risk factors associated with early ventral site hernia development following cancer surgery are ill defined and associated with an undetermined incidence. Methods: We analyzed 1,391 gynecologic cancer patient charts to identify the number of post-operative ventral site hernias over a nearly 6 year period. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: patient demographics, disease co-morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes), body mass index (BMI), treatment (e.g., chemotherapy regimen), intra-operative (e.g., bleeding) and postoperative (e.g., infection) complications, time to hernia development and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-six gynecologic cancer patients who developed a post-operative ventral hernia and subsequently underwent herniorrhaphy by our gynecologic oncology service were identified. The patient group’s overall time to initial hernia development was 11.23 months. Following a multiple regression analysis, we found that treatment (e.g., bevacizumab, liposomal doxorubicin or radiotherapy associated with compromised wound healing [p=0.0186] and disease co-morbidity [0.0432]) were significant prognostic indicators for an accelerated time to hernia development. Moreover, five patients underwent treatment associated with compromised wound healing and also had disease co-morbidity. In this sub-group, post-operative hernia development occurred more rapidly (3.8 months) than the overall group of patients. BMI and age did not impact time to hernia development (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the present gynecologic cancer patient series, a tendency for early post-operative hernia development appeared to coincide with treatment associated with compromised wound healing and disease co-morbidity. Gynecologic cancer surgeons should anticipate this potential complication and consider employing prophylactic intra-operative mesh to potentially prevent this condition.
Koroleva, O A,Calder, G,Pendle, A F,Kim, S H,Lewandowska, D,Simpson, C G,Jones, I M,Brown, J W S,Shaw, P J American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 The Plant cell Vol.21 No.5
<P>Here, we identify the Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of the mammalian DEAD box helicase, eIF4A-III, the putative anchor protein of exon junction complex (EJC) on mRNA. Arabidopsis eIF4A-III interacts with an ortholog of the core EJC component, ALY/Ref, and colocalizes with other EJC components, such as Mago, Y14, and RNPS1, suggesting a similar function in EJC assembly to animal eIF4A-III. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-eIF4A-III fusion protein showed localization to several subnuclear domains: to the nucleoplasm during normal growth and to the nucleolus and splicing speckles in response to hypoxia. Treatment with the respiratory inhibitor sodium azide produced an identical response to the hypoxia stress. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 led to accumulation of GFP-eIF4A-III mainly in the nucleolus, suggesting that transition of eIF4A-III between subnuclear domains and/or accumulation in nuclear speckles is controlled by proteolysis-labile factors. As revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, the nucleoplasmic fraction was highly mobile, while the speckles were the least mobile fractions, and the nucleolar fraction had an intermediate mobility. Sequestration of eIF4A-III into nuclear pools with different mobility is likely to reflect the transcriptional and mRNA processing state of the cell.</P>