Dependence of the base sequence on the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)₂(NO₃)](NO₃)-induced oxidative DNA cleavage probed by linear dichroism

Won, A. Reum,Kim, Raeyeong,Jung, Maeng-Joon,Kim, Seog K.,Lee, Young-Ae Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2018 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.471 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The oxidative DNA cleavage induced by the [Cu(2,2′-bipyridine)<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)]NO<SUB>3</SUB> (Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB>) complex was examined using the linear dichroism (LD) technique. Using this method, the oxidative DNA cleavage by the Fenton mechanism was reported to occur through two sequential first-order reactions. As the Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> concentration increased, the rate constant of both first order reactions increased, as expected. The activation energy of the second step was estimated to be 0.190 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. A similar method was applied for various synthetic polynucleotides. Poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>], poly(dG)·poly(dC), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) produced a time-dependent decrease in LD, which could be elucidated by a single component exponential decay. This observation is in contrast to Fenton-type oxidative DNA cleavage. On the other hand, poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced a time-dependent decrease in the LD magnitude, which could be elucidated by two sequential first order reactions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu(bpy)<SUB>2</SUB> complex induced oxidative DNA cleavage. </LI> <LI> The cleavage rate constant for synthetic polynucleotides depended on the nature of base sequence. </LI> <LI> Poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] produced the mechanism similar to native DNA. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Decrease in the LD magnitude at 260 nm for poly(dG)·poly(dC) (curve a), poly[d(G-C)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve b), poly[d(A-T)<SUB>2</SUB>] (curve c), and poly(dA)·poly(dT) (curve d) at 20 °C.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

상황버섯 추출물의 항산화 및 성분분석

김아름 ( A Reum Kim ),김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2011 대한화장품학회지 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 상황버섯 추출물의 항산화 및 항노화 활성 및 항균 효과, 그리고 성분분석에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 상황버섯 추출물의 자유 라디칼(1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(FSC₅₀)은 에틸아세테이트(ethyl acetate) 분획(2.94 μg/mL)에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었고, 루미놀-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ 계에서 생성된 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)에 대한 상황버섯 추출물의 총항산화능은 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획(0.0072 μg/mL)에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 광증감제인 rose-bengal로 증감된 사람 적혈구의 광용혈에 대한 억제 효과를 측정하였을 때 농도범위(5 ~ 50 μg/mL)에서 50 % 에탄올 추출물과 에틸아세테이트 분획 모두 농도·의존적으로 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 타이로시네이즈의 활성 저해 효과(IC₅₀)를 측정한 결과 50 % 에탄올 추출물(IC₅₀ = 6.34 μg/mL)에서 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며, 엘라스테이즈의 활성 저해 효과(IC₅₀)는 에틸아세테이트 분획(IC₅₀ = 14.08 μg/mL)에서 큰 효과가 나타났다. TLC, HPLC 및 LC/ESI-MS를 이용하여 상황버섯 추출물 ethyl acetate 분획의 주성분을 분석하였고 hispidin 유도체인 interfungin A를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들은 상황버섯 추출물이 ROS에 대항하여 세포막을 보호함으로써 생체계, 특히 태양 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 항산화제로써 작용할 수 있으며, 특히 상황버섯 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획을 항산화, 항노화 및 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 응용 가능성을 확인하였다. In this study, the antioxidative effect, antibacterial, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, inhibitory effects on elastase and component analysis of Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. linteus extracts (2.94 μg/mL) showed the highest free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC₅₀). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC₅₀) of P. linteus extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction (0.0072 μg/mL) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of P. linteus extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. linteus extracts showed cellular membrane protective effects in a concentration dependent manner (5 ~ 50 μg/mL). The inhibitory effect (IC₅₀) on tyrosinase of P. linteus extract was the highest at 50 % ethanol extract (6.34 μg/mL), and the inhibitory effect (IC₅₀) on elastase of P. linteus was the highest at ethyl acetate fraction (14.08 μg/mL). TLC, HPLC chromatogram and LC/ESI-MS of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from P. linteus extracts were identified interfungin A (PL RPT-1a). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. linteus can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. linteus can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, antiwrinkle and whitening.

NEDD4L limits cAMP signaling through ubiquitination of CREB‐regulated transcription coactivator 3

Kim, Yo‐,Han,Yoo, Hanju,Hong, A‐,Reum,Kwon, Minseo,Kang, Sang‐,Wook,Kim, Kyunggon,Song, Youngsup Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2018 The FASEB Journal Vol.32 No.7

<P>The transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is involved in a variety of physiologic processes. Although its activity appears to be largely correlated with its phosphorylation status, cAMP-mediated dephosphorylation and the subsequent nuclear migration of the CREB-regulated transcription factors (CRTCs) are required to stimulate CREB transcriptional activity. Among the 3 identified mammalian homologs of CRTCs, CRTC3 has been shown to be expressed predominantly in adipose tissues in response to catecholamine signals that regulate lipid metabolism. Here, we show that prolonged cAMP signaling down-regulates CRTC3 in a proteasome-dependent manner and that neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like (NEDD4L), a specific ubiquitin ligase for CRTC3, is responsible for this process. By recognizing the PY motif of CRTC3, NEDD4L interacts with CRTC3 and promotes its polyubiquitination. Interaction between NEDD4L and CRTC3 is further boosted by cAMP signaling, and this enhanced interaction appears to be dependent on the cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of NEDD4L at the Ser448 site. Furthermore, we show that food withdrawal stimulates NEDD4L phosphorylation in mice, which then show a decrease of adipose tissue CRTC3 protein levels. Together, these results suggest that NEDD4L plays a key role in the feedback regulation of cAMP signaling by limiting CRTC3 protein levels.Kim, Y.-H., Yoo, H., Hong, A.-R., Kwon, M., Kang, S.-W., Kim, K., Song, Y. NEDD4L limits cAMP signaling through ubiquitination of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3.</P>

음식물 폐기물류로 제조된 퇴비의 고형연료 가치 평가 연구

이경섭,장한별,정은지,도아름,하진욱 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In 2019, the daily generation of food waste in Korea was 14,314 tons, which is a steady increase compared to the past. To efficiently use food waste as an effective resource, composting and feeding are carried out. In Korea, attention is gradually focused on a sustainable resource circulation society. Compost made of food waste has problems with foreign substances, heavy metals, and salt content, and solid fuelization research is being actively conducted to compensate for this. In this study, infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), organic content measurement(TGA), and chemical composition were measured to compare the fuel characteristics with wood pellets, which are major solid fuels, in order to examine the physical and chemical properties of food waste compost.

The effect of light quality on growth and endopolyploidy occurrence of in vitro‑grown Phalaenopsis ‘Spring Dancer’

A‑Reum Kwon,오명민,백기엽,박소영 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.2

In the present study, the effect of light quality on endoreduplication and growth in Phalaenopsis ‘Spring Dancer’ plantlets was studied. The response of protocorm-like body (PLB)-derived plantlets subjected to monochromatic red (R60), blue (B60), and various combinations of both lights was investigated. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of light on endocycle and growth, cell division, and endopolyploidy levels. In addition, the activities of stress-related enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were analyzed from leaves and roots. After 8 weeks, the leaf area of plants grown under monochromatic R60 and B60 light was found to be higher than that of plants grown under other wavelengths of light, except the control plants (fluorescent light). These results revealed monochrome blue (B60) light increased the ratio of endoreduplicated cells (4C–8C). CAT activity was highest in leaves grown under R60; however, the oxidized phenol concentration in the culture medium was lowest under R60 while it was the highest under B60 and fluorescent light (F). This indicates that plantlets were less stressed under R60 than B60 or F. The results of this study reveal that stress induced by monochromatic light stimulates endopolyploidy in leaves, which may subsequently increase Phalaenopsis leaf size.

Prevention of Oak Wilt by Tree Injection of Culture Suspension of an Antifungal Microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus against Oak Wilt Fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae

이진흥,A Reum Hong,Ji Ho Yun,Sang-Tae Seo,이종규 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.5

For the control of oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, an antifungal microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus, was used as a potential agent. Culture suspension of S. blastmyceticus was injected into Quercus mongolicae in the research forest of Kangwon National University by ChemJet Ⓡ trunk injection and Macro-infusion at root flare injection. Alamo Ⓡ (a.i., propiconazole 14.5%), a fungicide currently used for the control of oak wilt in USA, was also treated by both methods to compare the efficacy. For preventive efficacy, culture suspension of the pathogen was inoculated at 1 month after injection of either agent. Tested trees were cut at 3 months after treatment, stained with 1% Fuchsin acid, and then non-conductive area (NCA) and re-isolation frequency (RIF) of oak wilt fungus were compared among treatments. While NCA was the highest as 47.3% in pathogen only treatment, it was the lowest as 16.0% in sterilized water treatment by Macro-infusion. NCAs of Alamo treatment by Macro-infusion and ChemJet injection were 25.3% and 32.1%, respectively. NCA of S.blastmyceticus treatment by ChemJet injection was 32.3%, similar with Alamo treatment’s by ChemJet injection. All treatments by either injection method showed significantly lower NCA compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that S. blastmyceticus injection shows the preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by suppressing the growth of pathogen injected. NCA of Macro-infusion injection of sterilized water was lower as 16.0%, compared to 21.3% of ChemJet injection. It means that Macro-infusion is more effective in translocation of sterilized water than ChemJet injection by even distribution. RIF from wood discs of treated trees showed high in pathogen only treatment, but relatively low in S. blastmyceticus treatment. RIF results were correlated with NCA results. From the above results, it was confirmed that S. blastmyceticus showed preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by ChemJet trunk or Macro-infusion at root flare injection.

감사원의 국가재무제표 결산검사 제도 및 운영에 대한 비판적 검토와 개선방안

정아름(Jung, A-Reum),정도진(Jung, Do-Jin) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.6

[연구목적] 2011년 이후 수행되어 온 감사원의 국가재무제표 결산검사제도와 운영의 적정성을 검토하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. [연구방법] 국내외 국가들의 국가재무제표 결산검사를 비교 · 분석하고, 국가재무제표 결산검사제도 및 운영의 문제점들을 검토한 후 전문가 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 6대 개선방안을 제시한다. [연구결과] 첫째, 감사원은 결산검사에 대한 의견을 표명하여 책임을 명확히 하고 국가재무제표 결산검사의 실효성을 높여야 한다. 둘째, 국가재무제표 오류에 대한 결산검사 처분을 강화하여 반복되는 오류를 근절해야 한다. 셋째, 오류 유형에 대해 ‘사전검사매뉴얼’을 개발하여 제공할 것을 제안한다. 넷째, 국가통합단위의 재무제표에 대해서는 감사원이 직접 결산검사를 수행하는 노력과 의지가 요구된다. 다섯째, 자산 중심의 결산검사 편중 현상을 해소하기 위해 부채에 대한 결산검사를 강화할 방안을 마련해야 한다. 여섯째, 현행 건수 위주의 결산검사가 중요성 관점에서 수행되도록 국가재무제표 결산검사 운영과 성과평가를 개선해야 할 것이다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 현행 감사원의 국가재무제표 결산검사에 관한 정책연구로서 의의가 있다. 다만, 본 연구에서 다루지 않은 결산검사 중 내부통제감사와 합법성 감사에 대해서도 향후 깊이 있는 연구가 후속되기를 기대한다. [Purpose] This study reviews the adequacy of the audit system and operation of the auditing system for national financial statements. [Methodology] This study compares and analyzes the financial statement settlement test of Korea and major foreign countries and conducts interviews with focus groups. [Findings] First, the auditor should clarify its responsibilities by “expressing an opinion” on the financial statements inspection. Second, it is necessary to eradicate the occurrence of errors in the national financial statements by strengthened in the settlement inspection for errors in national financial statements. Third, it is proposed to provide a ‘pre-inspection manual’. Fourth, the auditor’s efforts and willingness to conduct the financial statements of the integrated state unit are required. Fifth, in order to resolve the bias in asset-centered financial statements the Board of Audit and Inspection should reinforce the accounting for debts. Sixth, it is necessary to improve the operation and performance evaluation of the national financial statement settlement inspection. [Implications] This study is significant as a policy study on the current audit of the National Financial Statements settlement of the Board of Audit and Inspection.

2007년 개정 교육과정 고등학교 일본어 교과서의 대화문 분석

이아름(Lee, A-Reum),오현정(Oh, Hyun-Jung) 한국외국어교육학회 2013 Foreign languages education Vol.20 No.4

This paper analyzed dialogues in high school Japanese textbooks published according to the 2007 revised national curriculum, based on sociolinguistic variables and dialogue structure rules. The findings are as follows: first, the analysis of the construction of the textbooks shows that dialogues take place most frequently in the areas of speaking and listening while dialogues appear in the area of writing at the lowest rate of 10 percent. Secondly, the analysis of the dialogues based on sociolinguistic variables shows that in most textbooks dialogues take place in various places such as houses, stores, schools, streets and restaurants, but places in some dialogues are not identified. As for the topics of the dialogues, leisure and hobbies, traveling, food, and giving directions are the most common topics. There are many dialogues which do not have any specific topics but include basic expressions for communication. Moreover, most dialogues do not identify clear relation among participants, which needs to be improved. Lastly, the analysis of the dialogue structure rules finds that as for the length of the dialogue, one or two rounds of exchanging of talks are the most common and in the most cases the format of taking turns of speaking is the set of A-B-A-B, which indicates that the dialogues are very simply structured. The cases of adjacent pairs are mainly focused on question and answer sets. From the analyses, it is found that if we figure out the characteristics and problems of dialogues appearing in current Japanese textbooks and include the sociolinguistic variables and diverse dialogue structure rules into the dialogues to construct more authentic dialogues, the dialogues provided in the high school Japanese textbooks will be a lot more helpful to improve the learners' communicative ability.

Comparative Analysis of Pigment Biosynthesis Gene Expression Related to Enhanced Skin Color in ‘Mishima’ Apples during Fruit Development

Hye Jeong Cho,A Reum Han,Cheol Choi 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.3

In apple (Malus domestica), red coloration is an attractive trait for consumers. The color of fruit skin is determined by the distribution of carotenoids and anthocyanins in the skin tissue. ‘Fuji’ apples have red stripes over a yellow-green background, and ‘Mishima’, a ‘Fuji’ bud sport variety, has superior coloration compared to its parent. To investigate the genetic mechanism underlying the enhanced pigmentation in ‘Mishima’ fruit skin, we characterized the expression of pigment biosynthesis genes in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Mishima’ apples during fruit development. CIELAB data showed lower L* (relative lightness) and higher a*/b* ratio (relative redness) values in ‘Mishima’ apples, suggesting increased red pigmentation, which correlated with the levels of pigment biosynthesis gene expression. In ‘Mishima’, two carotenoid biosynthesis genes (MdZISO and MdLCY-ε) were upregulated at many stages of fruit development. Furthermore, enhanced red pigmentation was resulted from higher expression levels of three anthocyanin regulatory (MdMYB10, MdWD40, and MdGST) and three structural (MdCHS, MdCHI, and MdF3’H) genes, suggesting their positive interaction. These data further our understanding of the molecular basis of the enhanced skin color of ‘Fuji’ apple varieties.

Prevention of Oak Wilt by Tree Injection of Culture Suspension of an Antifungal Microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus against Oak Wilt Fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae

Lee, Jin Heung,Hong, A Reum,Yun, Ji Ho,Seo, Sang Tae,Lee, Jong Kyu Institute of Forest Science 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.5

For the control of oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, an antifungal microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus, was used as a potential agent. Culture suspension of S. blastmyceticus was injected into Quercus mongolicae in the research forest of Kangwon National University by $ChemJet^{(R)}$ trunk injection and Macro-infusion at root flare injection. $Alamo^{(R)}$ (a.i., propiconazole 14.5%), a fungicide currently used for the control of oak wilt in USA, was also treated by both methods to compare the efficacy. For preventive efficacy, culture suspension of the pathogen was inoculated at 1 month after injection of either agent. Tested trees were cut at 3 months after treatment, stained with 1% Fuchsin acid, and then non-conductive area (NCA) and re-isolation frequency (RIF) of oak wilt fungus were compared among treatments. While NCA was the highest as 47.3% in pathogen only treatment, it was the lowest as 16.0% in sterilized water treatment by Macro-infusion. NCAs of Alamo treatment by Macro-infusion and ChemJet injection were 25.3% and 32.1%, respectively. NCA of S.blastmyceticus treatment by ChemJet injection was 32.3%, similar with Alamo treatment's by ChemJet injection. All treatments by either injection method showed significantly lower NCA compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that S. blastmyceticus injection shows the preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by suppressing the growth of pathogen injected. NCA of Macro-infusion injection of sterilized water was lower as 16.0%, compared to 21.3% of ChemJet injection. It means that Macro-infusion is more effective in translocation of sterilized water than ChemJet injection by even distribution. RIF from wood discs of treated trees showed high in pathogen only treatment, but relatively low in S. blastmyceticus treatment. RIF results were correlated with NCA results. From the above results, it was confirmed that S. blastmyceticus showed preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by ChemJet trunk or Macro-infusion at root flare injection.