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( Peter Buggisch ),( Ana Moreno ),( Vasily Isakov ),( Lisa Backus ),( Dani Ain ),( Peter Ruane ),( Juan Gonzalez ),( Sooji Lee ),( Sarjita Naik ),( Swarup Mehta ),( Jina Lee ),( Michael Mertens ),( Ma 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: The AASLD/IDSA/IAS-USA Guidance and EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C state that HIV/HCV coinfection should be treated the same as HCV monoinfection with careful monitoring of antiretrovirals. Real world cohorts (RWC) have demonstrated excellent efficacy of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HCV monoinfected patients. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of the STR of LDV/SOF for 8 weeks in HCV GT 1 patients with HIV/HCV coinfection in RWC. Methods: Real world effectiveness data of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HIV/HCV coinfection is emerging from multiple cohorts. In this descriptive analysis, data from two prospective studies, one investigator- sponsored, 1 registrational trial, and three retrospective RWC of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HIV/HCV co-infected patients were compared. The prospective trials include data from Ain et al (investigator sponsored) and Isakov et al (registrational trial). The RWC include the Deutsches Hepatitis C-Register, Madrid Coinfection Registry (Madrid-CoRe), and Veterans Affairs HCV Registry. Baseline characteristics and efficacy were analyzed. Results: The majority of the 279 patients included in this descriptive analysis were GT1, treatment naive (TN), noncirrhotic (NC), and had a HCV viral load <6million. The prospective cohorts enrolled 79 patients with the following baseline characteristics: mean age (43 years), male (74%), white (78%), and GT1a (55%). The RWC studies assessed enrolled 200 patients with the following overall baseline characteristics: mean age (53 years) male (79%), white (98%), and GT1a (82%) in those that reported demographics. The overall SVR12 from five diverse real world and post-marketing cohorts was 94% (263/279). The individual study results are presented in Table 1. Conclusions: This analysis of diverse cohorts from the EU and US yielded high SVR rates similar to SVR rates seen in multiple RW moninfected cohorts and supports the use of 8 weeks of LDV/SOF in TN, NC GT 1 HIV/HCV coinfected patients with a baseline HCV viral load <6 million.
Michael Kentaro Peters 건국대학교 아시아·디아스포라 연구소 2022 International Journal of Diaspora&Cultural Critici Vol.12 No.1
Kenyan runners of both genders migrate to Japan to pursue projects of social and economic mobility for themselves and their families. There is a commonly held perception in Kenya that migrants, and more specifically migrant athletes, earn vast sums of money that they should distribute generously. Many Kenyans expect that their relationship with an athlete will guarantee miraculous socioeconomic transformations amidst the uncertainties of rural life. This reality serves as a daily reminder for Kenyans who secured a ticket to Japan, pushing them to find ways to satisfy the many people back in Kenya who are dependent on them. Meanwhile, they must carefully avoid compromising their own short-term way of life, nest egg, and social reputation. The challenges female runners undergo to cement their respectability differ greatly from their male counterparts. Gendered expectations in Kenya ensure that female athletes conform by prioritising that the fragility of masculinity is nurtured by appeasing surrounding male figures. The ability for the Kenyan female runners to delicately meet the expectations bound by cultural norms is crucial for safeguarding their own standing and well-being. Their future in Kenya depends on it.
EFFECTS OF WHEEL CONFIGURATION ON THE FLOW FIELD AND THE DRAG COEFFICIENT OF A PASSENGER VEHICLE
Michael Donald Peter Bolzon,Simone Sebben,Alexander Broniewicz 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.4
The effects of wheel rotation, rim coverage area, fan spokes, spoke sharpness, and tread pattern on the flow field and drag coefficient of a passenger vehicle were investigated. Force measurements and wake surveys were taken on a 1/ 5th scale passenger vehicle at a Reynolds number of 2.0 × 106. The wake surveys were conducted at three planes. Vorticity, total pressure coefficient, and local drag coefficient plots are presented. Wheel rotation reduced the drag coefficient of all of the wheel configurations tested, which generally agrees with literature. Wheel rotation reduced the front wheel’s jetting vortex’s drag while increasing the drag from the center of the front wheel to the upper rim track. Reducing the rim coverage area increased the drag coefficient. This increase was attributed to an increased jetting vortex drag and a change in flow separation around the front wheel. The fan spoke rim performed the worst, regardless of rotation. Rounding the spoke edges reduced the drag coefficient of a rotating wheel. The tread pattern slightly reduced the shoulder vortex vorticity and slightly increased the separation around the front wheel.
Eyring Philipp Rudolf Michael Peter,Herrmann Susan Strange,Poulsen Mette Erecius 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.2
Animal feed is typically plant-based and can contain pesticide residues. Methods for testing food and feed samples, such as the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method or the Swedish Ethyl Acetate (SweEt) method, successfully extract many pesticide residues. However, nonpolar pesticides, such as organochlorine pesticides, show poor recovery when extracted from lipid-rich samples. The previously developed water-acetonitrile-heptane-solid-phase-extraction (WAHSPE) method shows better recoveries for the nonpolar pesticides but requires two injections per sample and per instrument. Here, we present a modified version of the WAHSPE method for pesticides in fish feed using one injection per sample and per instrument. Of the 184 pesticides tested, 179 met the European Union Legislation’s validation criteria at a spike level of 50 μg/kg, showing recoveries between 70 and 120% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20%. Organochlorine pesticides accounted for 14 of the tested compounds.
Molecular Imaging of CXCL12 Promoter-driven HSV1-TK Reporter Gene Expression
Lina Alon,Dara L. Kraitchman,Michael Schär,Angel Cortez,Nirbhay N. Yadav,Rebecca Krimins,Peter V. Johnston,Michael T. McMahon,Peter C. M. van Zijl,Sridhar Nimmagadda,Martin G. Pomper,Jeff W. M. Bulte 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.2
The C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12, SDF1a) and its receptor, CXCR4, play a fundamental role in several biological processes, including hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, cancer progression, and stem cell migration. Noninvasive monitoring of CXCL12 is highly desirable for optimizing strategies that combine mobilization of therapeutic cells to combat cancer or to assist in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction. Here, we report on an MRI reporter gene system for directly monitoring CXCL12 expression in vivo. Glioma cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) were transduced with the herpes simplex virus type-1-thymidine kinase (HSV1- tk) reporter gene expressed under the CXCL12 promoter. HSV1-tk expression resulted in accumulation of the PET tracer [125I]FIAU in vitro and in vivo and induced cell death after ganciclovir treatment. Furthermore, the results show that conditional expression of the reporter gene can be induced by hypoxia in transduced cells. Transduced hADSC were incubated with the CEST MRI probe 5-methyl-5, 6- dihydrothymidine (5-MDHT) and transplanted into swine heart. Transplanted cells were clearly visible on Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI using a 3T clinical scanner. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to image CXCL12 expression with MRI in a large animal model, opening up a possible route to clinical translation.
Peter Foged Larsen,Einar Eg Nielsen,Michael Møller Hansen,Tobias Wang,Kristian Meier,Cino Pertoldi,Volker Loeschcke 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.4
Recent genetic analyses of candidate genes and gene expression in marine fishes have provided evidence of local adaptation in response to environmental differences,despite the lack of strong signals of population structure from conventional neutral genetic markers. In this study expression of the haemoglobin alpha and beta subunit genes was studied in reciprocally transplanted European flounder Platichthys flesus from the highly saline North Sea and the brackish Baltic Sea. Clear differences in expression patterns of haemoglobin alpha and beta subunit genes were found among different types of tissue in flounder. In gill tissue a plastic response to salinity treatments was observed with general up-regulation of these genes concomitant with higher salinity. For liver tissue a population specific expression differences was observed with lower expression at simulated non-native compared to native salinities. Finally, for kidney tissue a stress response was observed in one population, with gene up-regulation when North Sea flounders were transplanted to low salinity. This study underlines the importance of tissue specific gene expression and the significance of gene expression for evolution of local adaptation in high gene flow marine fishes.
Peter B. Sporns,Michael Schwake,André Kemmling,Jens Minnerup,Wolfram Schwindt,Thomas Niederstadt,Rene Schmidt,Uta Hanning 대한뇌졸중학회 2017 Journal of stroke Vol.19 No.3
Background and Purpose Blend sign (BS) and black hole sign (BHS) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and spot sign (SS) on CT-angiography (CTA) are indicators of early hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, their independent contributions to outcome have not been well explored. Methods In this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were: 1) spontaneous ICH and 2) NCCT and CTA performed on admission within 6 hours after onset of symptoms. Discharge outcome was dichotomized as good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-3) and poor (mRS 4-6) outcomes. The impacts of BHS, BS and SS on outcome were assessed in univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of 182 patients with spontaneous ICH, 26 (14.3%) presented with BHS, 37 (20.3%) with BS and 39 (21.4%) with SS. There was a substantial correlation between SS and BS (κ=0.701) and a moderate correlation between SS and BHS (κ=0.424). In univariable logistic regression, higher baseline hematoma volume (P<0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.002) and the presence of BHS/BS/SS (all P<0.001) on admission CT scan were associated with poor outcome. Multivariable analysis identified intraventricular haemorrhage (odds ratio [OR] 2.22 per mL, P=0.022), baseline hematoma volume (OR 1.03 per mL, P<0.001) and SS on CTA (OR 11.43, P<0.001) as independent predictors of poor outcome, showing that SS compared to BS and BHS was more powerful to predict poor outcome. Conclusions The NCCT BHS and BS are correlated with the CTA SS and are reliable predictors of poor outcome in patients with ICH. Of the CT variables indicating early hematoma expansion, SS on CTA was the most reliable outcome predictor. However, given their correlation with SS on CTA, BS and BHS on NCCT can be useful for predicting outcome if CTA is not obtainable.
Multispectral X-ray imaging to distinguish among dental materials
Peter, Ann-Christin,Schnaubelt, Matthias,Gente, Michael Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.4
Purpose: Dual-energy X-ray imaging is widely used today in various areas of medicine and in other applications. However, no similar technique exists for dental applications. In this study, we propose a dual-energy technique for dental diagnoses based on voltage-switching. Materials and Methods: The method presented in this study allowed different groups of materials to be classified based on atomic number, thereby enabling two-dimensional images to be colorized. Computer simulations showed the feasibility of this approach. Using a number of different samples with typical biologic and synthetic dental materials, the technique was applied to radiographs acquired with a commercially available dental X-ray unit. Results: This technique provided a novel visual representation of the intraoral environment in three colors, and is of diagnostic value when compared to state-of-the-art grayscale images, since the oral cavity often contains multiple permanent foreign materials. Conclusion: This work developed a technique for two-dimensional dual-energy imaging in the context of dental applications and showed its feasibility with a commercial dental X-ray unit in simulation and experimental studies.
Michael George Zaki Ghali,Visish M. Srinivasan,Kathryn M. Wagner,Sandi Lam,Jeremiah N. Johnson,Peter Kan 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2018 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.20 No.1
Several anatomical variables critically influence therapeutic strategizing for anterior choroidal artery (AChA) aneurysms, and specifically, the safety of flow diversion for these lesions. We review the microsurgical anatomy of the AChA, discussing and detailing these considerations in the treatment of AChA aneurysms, theoretically and in the light of our recent findings.