都市 低所得層 幼兒園어린이의 營養實態 및 食生態 調査 總括

李恩和,牟壽美 대한보건협회 1986 대한보건연구 Vol.12 No.1

This is an overall assessment of young child nutrition and food ecology, which was conducted in the low income areas of Seoul and Daegu, between 1982 and 1984. Determination was made on a total of 455 urban young children, 3 to 6 years old, in Saemaul day care centers, in the areas of Sancheon dong, Bongcheon 5-dong and Hawolkog 3-dong in the city of Seoul; and Eumnae dong in the city of Daegu. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Intake of energy and nutrients except thiamin were below the RDAs; iron was the most limited nutrient. Carbohydrate provided 71.2% of total energy intake; protein accounted for 12.5%; fat provided 16.3%. Forty percent of daily protein intake was derived from animal sources. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack, in a percentage ratio of 19.6 : 25.1 : 21.9 : 33.4. 2) During infancy, 65% of the children had been breast-fed; 13.4% had been bottle-fed; and 21.6% had been combination-fed before the introduction of solid supplementary foods. 3) Seventeen percent of the subjects had many dislikes in what they ate; 49% had a certain number of dislikes; and 34% had good food preference. There was a strong correlation between appetite or food preference and anthropometric measurements. The foods which children liked best were fruits, milk, seaweed and Chajang noodles. Disliked foods were rice cooked with beans, aromatic vegetables, eggplants and strongly spiced meals. The survey clarified that day care feeding amply supplemented an inadequate dietary intake at home, for these young children. 4) Mean value of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and head circumference ranged from 95.9∼100.2% of KIST mean. However, 9.3% of the subjects were assessed as undernourished in terms of 'weight for height.' 5) Mean hemoglobin value was 12.5±1.0%/dl., and mean hematocrit value was 37.5±3.1% ; 6.6% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criterion of hemoglovin; and 12.6% of the subjects were proven to be anemic in terms of the standard value of hematocrit, of the WHO. Mean urinary urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio was 12.4 ; values decreased with increasing age. The results suggest a need for training of day care personnel and mothers for better nutritional care of these young children.

園兒들이 좋아하는 色調査

李恩和 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육학과 1958 교육 연구 Vol.- No.12

서울市內 一部 아파트團地 幼稚園 어린이의 營養 및 寄生蟲調査

李恩和,徐貞淑,牟壽美 대한보건협회 1982 대한보건연구 Vol.8 No.1

A survey of 133 children, aged 5 to 6, of Y.C. Kindergarten located in Yowido apartment compound of Seoul, was conducted from May 27 to August 13, 1980, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic infection. The results are summarized as follows: Family environment: Average age of boys was 5 years and 10 months: girls, 5 years and 7 months. Average number of the siblings was 2.6 and most of those children were from the nuclear families. The majority of the paternals' ages ranged from 35 to 39 years; maternals' ages, from 30 to 34 years. Over 80 percent of the fathers were office and business employees. Anthropometric measurements: Mean values of height, weight, girth of head and girth of chest surpassed the Korean standards. Mean value of arm circumference met or exceeded Jelliffe's international standard. The survey revealed that 3.0% of boys and 1.5% of girls surpassed the normal figures of the Kaup-Davenport index. Hemoglobin value: Mean hemoglobin value was 12.5g±0.9/100ml; 3.2% of the subjects were categorized as a low group. Parasitic examination: The positive prevalence of parasitic infection was 5.5%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area. Nutrient intake: Mean intake of energy and nutrients met or exceeded the Korean recommended dietary allowances, excluding calcium, iron, and niacin. Intake of iron was most deficient. In the average diet of the subjects, carbohydrates contributed 61% of the total energy intake; protein 13.7%, and fat 25.3%. Approximately 55% of the total protein came from the animal orgins. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal, and between-meal or snacks in a percentage of 19.0:22.8:20.8:37.3 for boys and 21.4:25.0:21.7:31.9, respectively, for girls.

아동의 物活論的 思考에 관한 연구 : Piaget의 가설을 중심으로

李恩和,尹賢燮 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1976 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.28 No.-

This study was intended to investigate the Korean child's animism and to test Piaget's hypothesis with Huang-Lee's experimental tools. The experimental hypotheses in this study were: 1) Piagetian animism could be found in Korean children's mentality, and 2) Piaget's hypothesis could be proved not only by Russell-Dennis's tools but also by Huang Lee's. Russell and Dennis have proved Piaget's hypothesis and standardized the experimental procedures to test child's animism; however, M. Mead and Huang-Lee have denied the Piagetian animism in Manusian and Chinese children. Russel and Dennis have also suggested four developmental stages in child's animism. Twenty Korean children, aged between 4-7, were tested individually, the combined experimental procedures of Russell-Dennis and Huang-Lee being used, As a result, the first hypothesis in this study was positively confirmed only by Russell-Dennis's method. This means that the second hypothesis in this study was not confirmed. 90% of the Subjects in this study have had the concept of life or living, and did not regard inanimate objects as having characteristics of "feeling pain." It seems to us that the subjects in this study tend to make some cognitive continuity between their awareness of their living and the being of physical objects. In Piagetian terms, the subjects have not dissociated themselves from their physical and natural environment.

대학생들의 학습기술 활용 실태 및 학습기술 훈련에 대한 요구 조사

이은화(李恩花),강한나(慷한나) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2006 아시아교육연구 Vol.7 No.4

한·미 주요대학의 직업기초능력관련 교양교과목 편성 실태에 관한 비교연구

이은화(李恩花) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2006 아시아교육연구 Vol.7 No.1

한국 대학의 교양교육과정 편성ㆍ운영체제 사례 분석

이은화(李恩花) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2007 아시아교육연구 Vol.8 No.2

'우리들은 1학년' 교육과정의 조직요소 재구성에 관한 연구

이은화(李恩花) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2001 아시아교육연구 Vol.2 No.2

幼稚園의 施設 및 設備에 關한 硏究

李順一,李恩和 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1970 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this survey is to study the present condition of physical facilities, equipment and materials of kindergartens in Seoul; and to know the shortcomings and difficulties for the proper functioning, of kindergarten education. By presenting minimum requirements for the physical environment of kindergarten, helpful knowledge and materials may be provided. This survey is divided into two parts. The first part is a documentary study which discusses the general idea of physical environment of kindergartens in Seoul which were actually surveyed through questionaries, interviews and observations. The survey report is as follow: 1) The location of kindergartens is ideal, for they are generally located near schools and residential areas; however, the entrances, the height of the windows, location and the size of the toilets, and size of the rooms are not in the best condition. The play grounds are comparatively spacious but the equipment and other facilities are not adequate for kindergarten. 2) Drinking fountains and sink equipment are so poor that they are not abe to help children's activity and health. And the lockers for individual use are insufficient. Most of the kindergartens have well provided for open-shelves for toys; and chairs and tables. 3) Cleaning equipment, as a part of the health education of kindergarten curriculum, is not sufficient. There are enough large apparatus for locomotor activity but movable equipment and manipulation materials for sand and water play are much in want. More equipment could be prepared for the house coner as a part of social science, and also more dolls could be provided. Generally blocks for constructive and imaginary are sufficient but the variety of size and shape is necessary. Most of the kindergartens do not own a national flag and maps which may enhance patriotism. Gardening equipment is lacking and there are not enough science corner. Having only magnifying glass, aquariums, bird cages, the nature study equipment is much in need, more so than any others. Not enough attention is paid to this area to satisfy the curiosity for more knowledge and to help intellectual development and scientific attitudes. The books are the only materials for reading readiness but there are not enough. For A-V equipment, flannel boards, slides, slide projectors and record players a re provided for in most kindergartens. Percussion instruments for rhythmical activity are many. Crayons and paper for drawing are sufficient but easels, finger painting sets are not enough . Equipment for woodwork could scarcely be found. Apparently it is not encouraged. Clay is sufficient but accessories for clay activist are insufficient. This survey brings up the facts that the physical facilities, equipment and materials of kindergartens in Seoul are not in the best condition, and also not satisfactory. Therefore more effort for a better learning environment is expected.

幼稚園 敎育課程 運營을 위한 프로그램 硏究 : 梨花프로그램 開發硏究

李相琴,李恩和,李其淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1980 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

Early Childhood Education in Korea has been in need of improvements to meet the changing needs of the government and its children. The lack of a adequate educate educational program development and basic research prohibits Korean preschool education from advancing form an underdeveloped state. Efforts to determine what changes are made and how they are implemented into the existing system of early childhood education should be made. The purpose of the present study is to develop and assess the effects of the early childhood education program administered by the Ewha Experimental Kindergarten. The program consists of two component sub-programs: 1) a mother involvement program designed to involve mothers in the actual classroom activities as teacher aides 2) a child program, consisting of 11-unit learning experiences. In conceptualizing the program, four basic factors were considered; The DARCEE(Demonstration and Research Center for Early Education) program, Kansas program, the Ewha kindergarten program, the analysis of elementary textbooks. The entire program emphasizes principles based upon "Whole child" not only the development of the child's cognitive abilities but also of personality characteristics. The theories of the curriculum development and the importance of mother involvement in the classroom to obtain the guidelines of the overall organization and implementation of the program have been applied. Experimental design of the study was the pretest-posttest control group design. The duration of the study was 10 months form March 1979 to December 1979. The mother education program began in May and they participated in the classroom as teacher aides from June to November 1979. The subjects of this study were 60 children, ages 5 to 6, living in Seoul area. More specifically stated, 30 children comprised the experimental group and 30 children the control group. The instrument used for the present study were: 1) The Kodae-Binet Intelligence Tests 2) The School Readiness Test 3) The Unit Test(DARCEE program) 4) Observations 5) Interviews The t-test and covariance analysis were applied to analyzing data collected from the pretests and posttests. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. The result of pre-and-post test showed that intelligence increments of the experimental group were more than that of the control group. The result of covariance analysis of the gains was sustained at 5% level of significance. 2. Through the experimental treatment, a significant improvement(p<.05) of school readiness abilities was discovered among the experimental group. 3. The result of DARCEE unit test showed a significant improvement (p <.05) of the basic concepts, language developments and visual skills in the experimental group. On the other hand, the results suggest that the program needed to be enriched in the aspects of auditory and motor coordination skills. 4. Through the observational records, it was found that most of the pre-planned activities were performed in the classroom and the spontaneous needs of children also took into account in the program planning as the uniqueness characteristics of preschool education. 5. Mothers involved in classroom activities as teacher aides showed positive attitudes toward the program. They reported an improved sense of competence and self-esteem regarding parent skills, her understanding of her child's development and the strong liaison role for home-school communication. In short, This study, in spite of some limitations in research methodology, had a great significance in finding out clear empirical evidence that the Ewha Experimental Preschool Program, in a systematic way, was effective in improving the development of young children in the early years. The present study must be by repeated follow-up studies to identify the long-term effects of the program and the possibility of application to public kindergarten. It is also suggested that comprehensive studies to deal with the physical, social and emotional development and a more active parent involvement program are needed.