DFIG의 전류 측정오차로 인한 발전전력의 리플 저감에 관한 연구

김영일(Young-Il Kim),김장목(Jang-Mok Kim),황선환(Seon-Hwan Hwang),김찬기(Chan-Ki Kim),최영도(Young-Do Choy) 전력전자학회 2007 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), control of rotor currents allows for adjustable speed operation, active, and reactive power control. This paper presents a DFIG control strategy that enhances the active and reactive power control with controllers that can compensate for the errors caused by current measurement path in the DFIG system. The errors can be divided into two categories: offset and scaling errors. These can induce the speed, active, and reactive power pulsations, which are one and two times the fundamental slip frequency in the DFIG. And these undesirable ripples can do the DFIG harm. In this paper, a new compensation algorithm is proposed. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has several advantages: to implement is easy; it require less computation time; it is robust with regard to the variation of the induction generator parameters. In this paper, a new algorithm is introduced by using the integral of phase currents to measure the current ripples of rotor-side converterin the DFIG system. The experiment results are shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.

생물활성탄 공정에서 Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Trimethoprime 및 Caffeine 제거특성

손희종(Hee Jong Son),황영도(Young Do Hwang),유평종(Pyung Jong Yoo) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.3

활성탄 재질별 유입수의 수온 및 EBCT 변화에 따른 의약물질 4종에 대한 생물분해율을 평가한 결과, 수온 및 EBCT가 증가할수록 의약물질 4종에 대한 생물분해율은 급격히 증가하였으며, 활성탄 재질별로는 석탄계 재질의 활성탄이 가장 우수한 생물분해능을 나타내었고, 다음으로 야자계와 목탄계 활성탄 순이었으며, 의약물질별로는 oxytetracycline이 가장 생물분해능이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 tetracycline, trimethoprime 및 caffeine 순으로 조사되었다. 의약물질 4종에 대해 석탄계 재질의 활성탄에서의 수온별(5~25℃) 생물분해 속도상수 및 반감기를 조사한 결과 oxytetracycline의 경우 생물분해 속도상수가 각각 0.0928 min-1에서 0.3954 min-1으로 증가하였고, 반감기는 7.47분에서 1.75분으로 감소하였다. 또한, caffeine의 경우는 생물분해 속도상수가 각각 0.0360 min-1에서 0.2146 min-1으로 증가하였고, 반감기는 19.25분에서 3.23분으로 감소하였다. In this study, The effects of three different activated carbon materials (each coal, coconut and wood based activated carbons), empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the removal of pharmaceutical 4 species (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, trimethoprime and caffeine) in BAC filters were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperature (5, 15 and 25℃) and four EBCTs (5, 10, 15 and 20 min). The results indicated that coal based BAC retained more attached bacterial biomass on the surface of the activated carbon than the other BAC, increasing EBCT or increasing water temperature increased the pharmaceutical 4 species removal in BAC columns. In the coal-based BAC columns, removal efficiencies of oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 87~100% and removal efficiencies of trimethoprime and caffeine were 72~99% for EBCT 5~20 min at 25℃. The kinetic analysis suggested a first-order reaction model for pharmaceutical 4 species removal at various water temperatures (5~25℃). The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants and half-lives were also calculated for pharmaceutical 4 species removal at 5~25℃. The reaction rate and half-lives of pharmaceutical 4 species ranging from 0.0360~0.3954 min-1 and 1.75 to 19.25 min various water temperatures and EBCTs, could be used to assist water utilities in designing and operating BAC filters.

합성유기질소 성분에서의 염소 소독부산물 생성 특성

손희종(Hee Jong Son),황영도(Young Do Hwang),노재순(Jae Soon Roh),빈재훈(Jae Hoon Bean) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.5

14종의 합성유기질소 화합물들에서의 염소 소독부산물 생성 특성을 조사한 결과, 단위 DOC당 THM 생성능은 Br- 첨가 유무에 관계없이 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid 및 4-nitroaniline에서 높게 나타났다. 단위 DOC당 HAA 생성능 조사결과, Br- 첨가 유무에 관계없이 단위 DOC당 THM 생성능과 유사한 생성특성을 보였으나 특이하게 p-nitrophenol에서 가장 높은 생성능을 나타내었으며, 생성된 HAAFP의 대부분이 TCAAFP로 나타났다. 단위 DOC당 HAN 생성능은 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline 및 anthranilic acid에서 Br- 첨가 유무에 관계 없이 높은 생성능을 나타내었고 다른 합성유기질소 화합물들에 비해 aniline에서 높은 생성능을 보였으며, 반응성이 높은 4종의 합성유기질소 화합물들에서 생성되는 HAN 구성종의 대부분은 DCAN으로 나타났다. 단위 DOC당 chloral hydrate와 chloropicrin의 생성능을 조사결과에서 3-aminobenzoic acid와 2-aminophenol에서 생성능이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 전체적으로 10 mg/㎍이하의 비교적 낮은 생성능을 보였다. 염소 소독부산물 생성능이 높은 6종의 합성유기질소 화합물들과 시판 humic acid에서의 Br- 첨가 유무에 따른 단위 DOC 당 총 DBP 생성능을 조사한 결과에서 Br-를 첨가한 경우는 aniline〉anthranilic acid〉3-aminobenzoic acid〉4-nitroaniline〉humic acid〉p-nitrophenol〉2-aminophenol 순으로 나타났고, Br-를 첨가하지 않은 경우는 anthranilic acid〉aniline〉p-nitrophenol〉humic acid〉4-nitroaniline〉3-aminobenzoic acid〉2-aminophenol 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, aniline, anthranilic acid, 4-nitroaniline 및 p-nitrophenol의 경우는 염소와의 반응성이 아주 높은 것으로 조사되었다. This study was conducted to analyze and determine formation potentials for chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) from 14 synthetic nitrogen compounds with or without Br-. 5 of 14 compounds were 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid and 4-nitroaniline that were relatively shown high for formation of THMs/DOC whether or not Br- presented. 6 compounds that were p-nitrophenol, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid and 4-nitroaniline were shown high for formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs)/DOC whether or not Br- presented. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was dominated in 6 compounds. The formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs)/DOC whether or not Br- presented was high in 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline and anthranilic acid. Specially, aniline was detected 14.6∼16.1 ㎍/mg. The formation of chloral hydrate (CH)/DOC and chloropicrin (CP)/DOC were shown high in 3-aminobenzoic acid and 2-aminophenol in 14 compounds. 6 compounds (3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid, 4-nitroaniline, p-nitrophenol) and a commercial humic acid were tested for the formation of DBPs/DOC whether or not Br- presented. When Br- was added, the DBPs/DOC was higher for the order of aniline〉anthranilic acid〉 3-aminobenzoic acid〉4-nitroaniline〉humic acid〉p-nitrophenol〉2-aminophenol. And when Br- was not added, the DBPs/DOC was higher for the order of anthranilic acid〉aniline〉p-nitrophenol〉humic acid〉4-nitroaniline〉3-aminobenzoic acid〉2-aminophenol.

정수처리 공정에서 용존 유기물질 분류에 의한 haloacetic acid 생성능 평가

손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),황영도 ( Young Do Hwang ),류동춘 ( Dong Choon Ryu ),정철우 ( Chul Woo Jung ),이건 ( Gun Lee ),손형식 ( Hyeng Sik Son ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.9

A comprehensive fractionation technique was applied to a set of water samples obtained along drinking water treatment process with ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) process to obtain detailed profiles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and to evaluate the haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potentials of these DOM fractions. The results indicated that coagulation-sedimentation-sand filtration treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophilic fraction (28%), while removal of hydrophobic and transphilic fraction were 57% and 40%, respectively. And ozonation and BAC treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophobic fractions (6%), while removal of hydrophilic and transphilic fractions were 25% and 18%. The haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP)/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of hydrophilic fraction was the highest along the treatment train and HAAFP/DOC of hydrophilic fraction was higher than hydrophobic and transphilic fraction as 23%∼30%, because of better removal for hydrophobic fraction both in concentration and reactivity.

아미논산 성분에서의 염소 소독부산물 생성 특성

손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),황영도 ( Young Do Hwang ),노재순 ( Jae Soon Roh ),유평종 ( Pyung Jong Yoo ),정철우 ( Chul Woo Jung ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2008 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

낙동강 수계에서의 과불화 화합물(PFCs) 검출 특성

손희종(Hee Jong Son),황영도(Young Do Hwang),염훈식(Hoon Sik Yoo),최진택(Jin Taek Choi),권기원(Ki Won Kwon) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.2

낙동강 수계에서의 과불화 화합물(PFCs)들의 검출현황을 조사한 결과, PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA 및 PFDoDA와 같은 7종의 PFCs가 본류 및 지류에서 검출되었다. 낙동강 수계에서 검출된 PFCs의 구성비율을 조사한 결과, 중류 부근에서는 PFOA와 PFHpA가 50% 이상을 차지하여 가장 높게 나타났고, 하류로 갈수록 PFUnDA, PFDoDA 및 PFOS의 비율이 증가하였다. 낙동강 본류에서 가장 높은 검출농도를 나타낸 지점은 고령지점(고령교)으로 2월과 8월에 각각 259.5ng/L와 132.6ng/L가 검출되었고, 지류에서는 진천천 지점으로 2월에 1168.2ng/L와 8월에 627.8ng/L의 검출농도를 나타내었다. PFCs는 낙동강 상류부근에서는 거의 검출되지 않았으나 중류부근인 구미 지점부터 하수처리장 방류수의 영향을 받아서 농도가 증가하였고, 금호강과 진천천(hot spot)의 영향을 많이 받는 고령지점에서 최대농도를 나타낸 후 하류로 갈수록 희석효과에 의해 농도가 점점 감소하였다. The aims of this study were to investigate and confirm the occurrence and distribution patterns of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Nakdong River basin (mainstream and its tributaries). 7 (PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDoDA) out of 11 PFCs were detected in 29 sampling sites and PFOA and PFHpA were predominant compounds in upstream, but PFUnDA, PFDoDA and PFOS were predominant compounds in middle stream of Nakdong River basin. The total concentration levels of PFCs on February 2009 and on August 2009 in surface water samples ranged from 4.3. to 1168.2ng/L and 16.4 to 627.8ng/L, respectively. The highest concentration level of PFCs in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong River were Goryeong and Jincheon-cheon, respectively. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) along the river affect the PFCs levels in river and the PFCs levels decreased with downstream because of dilution effects.

MIEX^®+응집공정을 이용한 한외여과 공정의 최적화

손희종(Hee Jong Son),황영도(Young Do Hwang),노재순(Jae Soon Roh),정철우(Chul Woo Jung),강임석(Lim Seok Kang) 大韓環境工學會 2005 대한환경공학회지 Vol.27 No.7

고도정수처리 공정에서의 천연유기물질 특성변화 및 소독부산물 전구물질의 제거특성 평가

노재순(Jae Soon Noh),손희종(Hee Jong Son),박은주(Eun Ju Park),황영도(Young Do Hwang),신판세(Pan Se Shin),강임석(Lim Seok Kang),주기재(Gi Jae Joo) 大韓環境工學會 2002 대한환경공학회지 Vol.24 No.12

활성탄 재질 및 사용연수에 따른 Tetracycline계 항생물질 흡착특성

손희종(Hee Jong Son),정종문(Jong Moon Jung),황영도(Young Do Hwang),노재순(Jae Soon Roh),유평종(Pyung Jong Yu) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.9

입상활성탄 재질별 신탄 및 사용탄에서의 tetracycline계 항생물질 4종에 대한 파과특성의 경우 석탄계 활성탄이 가장 늦게 파과에 도달하였으며, 다음으로 야자계, 목탄계 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 물질별 활성탄에서의 파과특성을 살펴보면 tetracycline(TC)의 파과시점이 가장 늦은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 oxytetracycline(OTC), chlortetracycline(CTC), minocycline(MNC)으로 나타났다. 활성탄 g당 tetracycline계 항생물질 4종에 대한 최대 흡착량(X/M)은 석탄계 활성탄이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 야자계와 목탄계 순으로 나타났다. tetracycline계 항생물질 4종에 대한 석탄계 활성탄의 최대 흡착량(X/M)은 야자계와 목탄계 활성탄에 비해 각각 1.27∼1.36배 및 1.69∼1.84배 정도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 활성탄 사용율(carbon usage rate, CUR)은 tetracycline의 경우 석탄계 재질의 활성탄이 2.96 g/일, 야자계나 목탄계 활성탄은 각각 3.40 g/day 및 4.53 g/day의 활성탄을 사용하여야만 제어가 가능한 것으로 조사되어 석탄계 활성탄이 다른 재질의 활성탄들에 비해 적은 양으로도 tetracycline계 항생물질을 제어할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 tetracycline계 항생물질 3종에서도 이와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, 석탄계 활성탄 신탄과 사용탄에 대한 CUR을 비교해보면 tetracycline의 경우 신탄을 사용하였을 경우 보다 1.3년 사용탄 및 3.1년 사용탄을 사용하였을 경우가 CUR이 1.96배 및 2.53배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. Adsorption performance of tetracycline antibiotic compounds such as tetracycline(TC), oxytetracycline(OTC), chlortetracycline(CTC) and minocycline(MNC) on granular activated carbon(GAC) was evaluated in this study. The coal-based activated carbon was found to be more effective than other carbons in adsorption of tetracycline antibiotic compounds. The wood-based activated carbon was less effective than coconut- and coal-based carbon in adsorption nevertheless having larger pore volume and specific surface area than others carbons. The maximum adsorption capacities(X/M) of coal-based activated carbon for the four tetracycline species was 1.27∼1.36 and 1.69∼1.84 times larger than coconut- and wood-based activated carbon, respectively. Carbon usage rates(CUR) of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons for tetracycline(TC) were 2.96 g/day, 3.40 g/day and 4.53 g/day, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the adsorption of the rest three tetracycline species. It is concluded that coal-based activated carbon could removed the tetracycline antibiotic compounds better than other material-based activated carbons.

산화공정에서의 Diclofenac, Ibuprofen 및 Naproxen의 제거특성 평가

손희종(Hee Jong Son),유수전(Soo Jeon Yoo),황영도(Young Do Hwang),노재순(Jae Soon Roh),유평종(Pyung Jong Yoo) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.10

본 연구에서는 염소, 오존 및 오존/과산화수소 산화공정에서의 의약물질 3종의 제거특성을 살펴본 결과 diclofenac과 naproxen은 쉽게 산화공정에서 제거가 가능한 것으로 나타난 반면 ibuprofen의 경우는 산화공정에서 제거가 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 오존 단독공정 보다는 오존/과산화수소 산화공정에서의 의약물질의 제거효율이 높았으며, H₂O₂/O₃ 비가 1 이상에서는 제거율의 상승이 둔화되었다. 염소, 오존 및 오존/과산화수소 투입농도별 의약물질 3종에 대한 산화분해 속도 상수와 반감기를 살펴본 결과 염소, 오존 단독 투입에 비하여 오존/과산화수소 공정에서의 산화분해 속도상수가 높게 나타났고, 반감기는 단축되었다. In order to evaluate a removal characteristic of diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen by oxidizing agents, Cl₂, O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂ are used as oxidants in this study. In case of that Cl₂ is used for oxidizing pharmaceuticals, ibuprofen is not removed entirely at Cl₂ dose range of 0.5~5.0 mg/L for 60 minutes, however, removal tendency of diclofenac and naproxen are so obviously at Cl₂ dose higher than 0.5 mg/L. In addition, as Cl₂ dose and contact time are increased, the removal rate of diclofenac and naproxen is enhanced. When O₃ is used as oxidizing agent, ibuprofen is not eliminated at O₃ dose range of 0.2~5.0 mg/L. On the contrary, 72~100% of diclofenac and 49~100% of naproxen are removed at O₃ dose of 0.2~5.0 mg/L. From experiments using O₃/H₂O₂ as an oxidant, we can find that O₃/H₂O₂ is much more effective than O₃ only for removal of diclofenac and naproxen. Moreover, the efficiency is raised according to increase of H₂O₂ dose, however, experiments using O₃/H₂O₂ show that oxidation of pharmaceuticals is less effective as H₂O₂ to O₃ ratio increased to above approximately 1.0. On reaction rate constant and half-life of diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen depending on Cl₂, O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂ dose, an oxidation of pharmaceuticals by Cl₂ and O₃ particularly has a comparatively high reaction rate constant and short half-life comparing O₃/H₂O₂. From above results, we can fine that diclofenac and naproxen can be easily eliminated in oxidation processes.