북핵문제와 일본의 대한반도 정책

홍성후(Hong, Sung Hoo) 동아시아국제정치학회 2007 국제정치연구 Vol.10 No.1

웨이블릿 변환과 가중 에지맵을 이용한 초음파 동영상의 품질 향상

홍성후(Sung Hoo Hong),박섭형(Seop Hyeong Park) 대한전자공학회 2006 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

Ultrasound images are generally corrupted by speckle noise due to the coherent nature of ultrasound. Speckle reduction is a critical pre-processing step in medical ultrasound imagery, provided that the features of interest for diagnosis are not lost. This paper presents an algorithm for speckle reduction and edge enhancement of ultrasound image sequences based on wavelet transform and weighted edge maps. In this algorithm, edge-directional smoothing and edge enhancement are performed by an adaptive filter whose coefficients are adjusted by edge maps of low-resolution wavelet coefficients.

마키아벨리 통치술로 본 북한의 핵개발정책분석

홍성후(Sung Hoo Hong) 한국동북아학회 2008 한국동북아논총 Vol.13 No.1

The Denuclearization of North Korea

Hong Sung-hoo(홍성후),Ilsu Kim(김일수) 21세기정치학회 2004 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.14 No.2

This paper attempt to explore how Presidents Bush (Sr.), Clinton and Bush (Jr.) oversaw policy toward the Korean Peninsula: how they shaped it, attempted to alter it, and were held responsible for it. I laid out several research questions for examination. First, what was the president's goal for North Korean nuclear issue? Second, how did the president implement his policy goals on the Korean Peninsula? Third, what responses did these goals elicit from North Korea? Fourth, what was the Congressional response to the president's North Korean policy? Fifth, to what extent did the president's power effectively shape his North Korean policy? Sixth, are there any similarities among the presidents in the portrayal of their handling of Korea? To open, I discussed the context the president faced as a global leader, and briefly highlighted under the rubric of the president's definition of situation. Next, I discussed the president's main policy goal toward North Korea, followed by the reaction of Congress to the presidential goal. Finally, I discussed reaction from North Korea to the president's goal. This paper shows that contrary to the conventional view, which saw president’s prerogatives and power in foreign policy surmount the few challenges, the actual flow of influence reveals a different path. Congress and one or both of the two Koreas challenges the president at every stage of the process from the definition of the situation to goal setting and implementation. There are some differences between the popular view of the president as a global leader and the reality of policy making.

김정일과 김정은의 통치 스타일 비교

홍성후(Sung Hoo Hong) 한국동북아학회 2013 한국동북아논총 Vol.18 No.2

북한은 독재자 1인에 의존하는 전제주의 국가이기 때문에 정치 지도자의 유형 분석이 매우 중요하다. 김정일의 갑작스런 죽음으로 정치적 경험이 부족한 20대의 김정은이 집권했고, 이후 북한이 어떤 노선을 선택할지 세계적인 관심이 높다. 본 논문은 김정일과 김정은의 통치스타일을 비교 분석함으로써 차후 북한의 정책변화를 예견해보고자 했다. 이에 본 논문은 개인수준, 국내수준, 국제수준의 접근을 통해 김정일과 김정은의 통치스타일을 비교해 보았다. 먼저 개인수준의 분석에서 김정일은 김일성의 보호아래 북한의 지도자로서 갖추어야 할 소양과 정치력을 충분히 습득할 수 있었고, 김일성 생전에 모든 권력승계를 마침으로써 탄탄한 권력 기반을 갖출 수 있었다. 반면 김정은은 상대적으로 미숙한 정치력과 불안한 권력기반을 가지고 있기 때문에 자신의 정치적 친위세력 육성과 권력의 정통성 확보에 보다 많이 노력할 것으로 판단된다. 국내수준의 분석은 김정일과 김정은 주변의 권력 엘리트, 경제정책, 대남정책을 비교해 보았다. 주변의 권력 엘리트는 양자 모두 친인척과 빨치산 2세(태자당)들이 주축인데 이는 최고 권력자와 운명을 같이 하는 세습적 권력층의 형성으로 평가된다. 북한의 경제회생은 김정일·김정은 모두에게 체제의 사활이 걸린 중요한 문제로 김정일이 수립한 ‘국가경제개발 10개년 전략계획’을 김정은이 이어 받아 중국의 동북지역개발과 연계하여 북중 경제협력을 가속화하고 개방효과를 국내 경제개발에 이용할 것으로 전망된다. 또한 김정일과 김정은의 대남정책은 강온정책의 반복을 통해 한국정부를 압박하고, 자신의 체제위기를 극복하는 하나의 수단이다. 국제수준의 분석은 김정일과 김정은을 둘러 싼 국제환경의 차이, 북한의 대외정책과 핵 정책을 통해 비교해 보았다. 김정일 시대는 공산주의를 버린 동구권이 고전하는 모습을 통해 선군정치와 사회주의 예찬론이 설득력을 가질 수 있었지만, 현재의 김정은은 공산주의 퇴조론이 고착화된 상황에서 체제유지를 모색해야 하는 불안한 상황에 놓여 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 김정일은 핵을 이용해 ‘벼랑 끝 전술’을 사용했고, 김정은도 같은 정책을 펼칠 것으로 전망 된다. 북한의 정권교체는 부자세습 방식으로 이뤄졌기 때문에 혈통의 계승성과 정책의 연속성이 중요하다. 따라서 당분간 김정은의 정책은 앞의 김정일이 추진하던 정책의 연장선상에서 추진될 것으로 전망된다. 다만 3년이라는 짧은 세습기간과 정치경험이 부족한 20대의 젊은 권력자이기에 그가 북한 국내외적 위기상황을 어떤 방식으로 극복할 것 인가는 미지수이다. 어느 면에서 김정은은 당분간 현실적인 상황 위기 속에서 예상외의 정책선택으로 대외적 긴장과 갈등을 장기화할 가능성도 존재한다. This thesis is to analyse ruling style of two North Korea power elite such as Kim Jungil and Kim Jungeun through comparative approach. North Korea has been autocracy state for long time, ruled by one dictator. Therefore it is useful for author to study the style model of key political leaders. It is said that the informations of the political elite will be everything to understand the future policy of North Korea in a sense. The Former ruler Kim Jungil was found dead in one royal train nearby PyeongYang station suddenly, without preparing next successor fully. Immediately his third son Kim Jungeun of 27 yeared, succeeded de-facto king Kim Jungil of North Korea. The world has been very interested in this strange new young ruler, Kim Jungeun. As soon as the successor got the ruler`s place, he attacked small frontier island, YeonPyeongdo of South Korea without pre-warning, and a lot of civilians and KMC soldiers were killed by North Korea`s bullets. This world naturally keeps much shocking interests in this new character of aggressiveness. To solve this question, this author tried to compare two leaders of North Korea as Kim Jungil and Kim Jungeun at various levels.. It will be helpful for world to study leader`s environments and this world may predict his next behavior and the North Korea`s policy. This author first researched their family background and growing-up process. Kim Jungil`s mother died suddenly when he was child, and he was fed up in lonely situation. Comparatively the new young ruler, Kim Jungeun had gone abroad for western study in Europe for long time in days of boyhood. In spite of his western education, he proved to start aggressive policy towards South Korea since he took the leader`s place lately unexpectedly. These two rulers` ruling style seems to show us something similar and different at various level. This paper concluded that North Korea could not be developed without changing their past policy. In additions, North Korea dared to proceed the third nuclear test, and all the world of UN strongly warned that North Korea should be punished at any way, until North Korea abandon her nuclear bomb. The author predicts that North Korea two power elite already will make the world disappointed with nuclear threat for sometime, and accordingly South-North Talks of Korean Peninsular will be unstable, until Kim Jungeun`s new regime enters stable position in North Korea. And the present ruler Kim Jungeun seems to keep aggressive foreign policy as well as his father, North Korea former ruler for sometime.

암 생존자를 위한 국가 프로그램 개발에 대한 일반 국민들의 태도

배연민,김영애,홍성후,구자현,윤영호,Bae, Yeon-Min,Kim, Young-Ae,Hong, Sung-Hoo,Koo, Ja-Hyun,Yun, Young-Ho 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2011 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.14 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 국가 차원의 암 생존자 관리 프로그램 개발과 관련한 일반대중들의 태도를 조사하고 분석하여, 국가 암 생존자 관리를 위한 정책과 제도 마련에 대한 필요성을 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 16개 시도시의 20세 이상 성인남녀 1,015명을 대상으로 성별, 연령별, 시도별 인구분포에 의한 할당추출 인구 구성비와 동일하게 대상자를 추출하여 조사를 실시하였다. 인구학적 특성, 암과 관련된 인식, 암 생존자 관리를 위한 국가 프로그램에 대한 태도를 포함한 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 전화 면접조사를 실시하였다. 결과: 암 치료 후 국가차원의 지속적인 관리 필요성에 대해 응답자의 56%가 '매우 그렇다', 27%가 '그런 편이다'라고 응답하였다. 관리의 내용으로는 29.8%가 '치료 후 진료 또는 관리에 대한 보험 적용확대'로 가장 많았으며, '암 치료 후 체계적인 교육 및 재활 프로그램 제공'이 25.6%이었다. 교육 수준이 낮거나[adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04~1.77], 기혼이거나[aOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.34~2.37], 경제수준이 낮거나[aOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.04~1.77], 선진국 대비 치료수준이 높다는 견해를 가진 경우[aOR=1.56; 95% CI=1.15~2.12] 그렇지 않은 경우보다 암 치료 후 국가차원의 관리 필요성에 공감하는 것으로 나타났다. 암환자 장애인 인정 정책에 대해서는 대상자의 68%가 적극 찬성 또는 찬성한다고 응답하였으며, 교육수준이 낮을 수록[aOR=1.35; 95% CI=1.03~1.78], 기혼인 경우[aOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.41~2.53] 그렇지 않은 경우보다 더 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 암 생존자 관리를 위한 국가 차원의 프로그램에 대한 일반 국민들의 태도는 전반적으로 긍정적임을 확인할 수 있었다. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the public attitude toward the development of national health program for cancer survivorship. Based on the results of this survey suggest the necessity of national health program for cancer survivorship. Methods: We surveyed 1,015 adults who were over 20 years of age from the sixteen cities and local districts of Korea. We conducted a telephone survey with a structured questionnaire on the post-treatment care at the nation and on the permission as the handicapped for cancer. Results: Fifty-six percent of respondents answered that post-treatment program at the national level is very necessary and twenty-seven percent replied that it is necessary. Respondents emphasized 'Expanding insurance coverage for post-treatment care' (29.8%) and 'Systematic education and rehabilitation programs after treatment' (25.6%). This study found that a lower educational level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04~1.77], earning under 300 per month [aOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.04~1.77], being married (60.2%) [aOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.34~2.37] and thought higher level of cancer treatment in Korea than the advanced (64.4%) [aOR=1.56; 95% CI=1.15~2.12] influenced the positive attitude toward a national health program. Sixty-eight percent of respondents answered 'Strongly agree' or 'agree' to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. People who have been married (72.4%) [aOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.41~2.53] and who have had a lower educational level [aOR=1.35; 95% CI=1.03~1.78] responded that they agree more to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. Conclusion: This study shows the positive public attitude of the public toward the national health program for the cancer survivors.

고위험 전립선암에서 수술적 치료의 효과

김정호(Jeong Ho Kim),홍성후(Sung-Hoo Hong) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2014 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Even though the stage migration has occurred in prostate cancer in the prostate specific antigen era, 15% of patients are still diagnosed with high-risk cancer. The treatment of high-risk prostate cancer has improved significantly over the past few decades. It is obvious that multimodal management including radical local treatment is needed in these patients to achieve the best outcomes. Although the role of radical prostatectomy is well established for localized, low-to-intermediate-risk prostate cancer, its role in high risk disease is more controversial. Multiple studies have recently demonstrated the long-term efficacy of radical prostatectomy in a high-risk tumor. The advantages of surgery are that it provides excellent local control of the primary tumor without an increase in morbidity, accurately stages the disease to guide further therapy. Radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy is an acceptable management alternative, which provides long-term durable disease control for patients with high-risk prostate cancer. This paper provides a critical overview of the current and future role of radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer in light of these new developments.

임상적으로 무의미한 전립선암의 선별을 위한 자기공명영상 기반의 노모그램 개발

성재우(Jae Woo Sung),신동호(Dongho Shin),박용현(Yong Hyun Park),조혁진(Hyuk Jin Cho),하유신(U-Syn Ha),홍성후(Sung-Hoo Hong),이지열(Ji Youl Lee),김세웅(Sae Woong Kim) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2020 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Purpose: Various predictive tools have been developed to predict insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) for active surveillance, however, these models cannot reflect all the refinements of current medicine. Thus, we aimed to develop a novel model to predict clinically insignificant PCa incorporating these factors. Materials and Methods: We developed a novel nomogram to predict the probability of insignificant PCa (total tumor volume less than 2.5 cm3, index tumor volume less than 1.3 cm3, organ confined disease and no Gleason pattern 4 or 5) using preoperative data of 790 Korean patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. To evaluate the predictive accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated. Next, the predicted probability versus the actual probability was compared. This examination was performed by calibration plotting using 1,000 bootstrap resamples. Results: Of the 790 patients, 668 (84.6%) had clinically significant PCa, and 122 (15.4%) had insignificant PCa. We developed a novel predictive model for clinically insignificant PCa using clinical stage less than T2a, biopsy Gleason sum less than 7, ratio of positive biopsy cores less than 10%, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) visibility, which discriminated patients with clinically insignificant PCa from those with significant PCa with an AUC of 0.9135 (95% confidence interval, 0.9127–0.9143). The calibration plot showed a well-calibrated prediction that had little over- or underestimation. Conclusions: We proposed a novel predictive model for insignificant PCa to more accurately select patients for active surveillance using the results from mpMRI and prebiopsy laboratory marker.

활엽수 산불피해등급을 위한 고해상도 화상 판독열쇠

김천(Choen Kim),정태웅(Tae-Woong Jung),윤보열(Bo-Yeol Yoon),홍성후(Sung-Hoo Hong) 대한공간정보학회 2006 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.5

본 논문은 향후 운용될 국산 고해상도 위성화상의 활용일환으로 산불활엽수피해림 중 참나무(림)와(과) 밤나무(림)의 산불피해등급 육안판독열쇠에 관한 연구이다. 본 육안판 독열쇠는 참나무(림)와(과) 밤나무(림)의 산불피해등급 판별을 위해 4가지 요소, 즉 색, 형태, 구조 그리고 질감에 기초로 개발하였고, 개발에 사용된 화상자료는 0.3m 공간해상도의 천연색 항공사진을 수치화(digital)한 화상과 0.8m 공간해상도의 위성 QuickBird 화상 및 1m 공간해상도의 위성 IKONOS화상이다. GIS의 공간정보 입력에 사용된 고해상도 화상을 정량분석할 경우 지형효과의 그림자영향으로 인한 난제가 수반되기 때문에 실제로 육안에 의한 정성분석을 통해 정밀정보가 제공되고 있다. 개발된 판독열쇠는 항공 위색적외선 화상(CIR imagery)과 항공 흑백 적외선 사진(IR photos)에서도 이방향성 지형효과와 무관하게 산물활엽수(림)피해등급 판별을 위해 사용할 수 있다.

Capsaicin-Induced Apoptosis in MBT-2 Murine Bladder Tumor Cells and Bladder Wall Penetration Effect of the Nano-Encapsulated Capsaicin in Rabbit

Shin Jay Cho(조신제),Hyong Woo Moon(문형우),Woong Jin Bae(배웅진),Yong-Hyun Park(박용현),U-Syn Ha(하유신),Sung-Hoo Hong(홍성후),Sae Woong Kim(김세웅),Ji Youl Lee(이지열) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2019 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to characterize capsaicin’s effects with regard to the apoptosis of murine bladder cancer cells (MBT-2) as well as the pharmacodynamics of nano-encapsulated capsaicin formulation for intravesical instillation. Materials and Methods: We assessed the viability of the MBT-2 cells via MTT staining, agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometric apoptosis analysis. Intravesical reagents were instilled into 3 groups of male white New Zealand rabbits. Instillation agents were nano-encapsulated capsaicin dissolved in saline, capsaicin dissolved in saline, and capsaicin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We also determined the pharmacokinetics of urine, plasma, and bladder tissue after intravesical capsaicin instillation. Results: Capsaicin treatment was determined to reduce cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The capsaicin concentrations in the urine of the rabbits decreased in each of the treatment groups, but we noted a more profound reduction of capsaicin concentration in the nano-encapsulated capsaicin group. Plasma concentrations were definitely lower as compared with the levels measured in the bladder tissue and urine. We noted distinctive differences in patterns of concentration change between the capsaicin with normal saline solution (NSS) or DMSO and the nano-encapsulated capsaicin groups. The concentration of nano-encapsulated capsaicin in the tissue appeared to increase directly with tissue depth. Conclusions: Our results show that capsaicin can induce apoptosis in MBT-2 cells, as well as the excellent permeation properties of nano-encapsulated capsaicin. Treatment with intravesical capsaicin may be a promising alternative therapeutic modality for the treatment of bladder cancer.