정상 액체크로마토그래피에서의 선형 용매화에너지 비교법 연구 Ⅰ

최장덕,정원조,Choe, Jang Deok,Jeong, Won Jo 대한화학회 1994 대한화학회지 Vol.38 No.3

We tried to apply the linear solvation energy comparison method to solute retention in normal phase liquid chromatography. Correlation coefficients of regression of lnk' collected in a fixed eluent against solute polarity indices have proven to be lower than those obtained from reversed phase liquid chromatography data. This event can be attributed to complexity of solute retention process in normal phase liquid chromatography. We concluded from the regression results that each specific polarity of the stationary phase is greater than that of the mobile phase and that the difference in each polarity between the stationary phase and the mobile phase decreases as the volume fraction(${\phi}$) of the more polar solvent in the mobile phase increases. Correlations of lnk' of a single solute against solvent polarity indices have proven to be meaningless owing to covariance among the solvent polarity indices. Instead, a good linear relationship between lnk' and solvent ${\pi}^*$ was observed, and its linearity is better than that between lnk' and ${\phi}$. 정상 액체크로마토그래피에서의 선형 용매화에너지 비교법 연구를 시도하였다. 용매를 고정시키고 여러 용질의 lnk'과 용질의 극성도 지수간의 상관관계를 조사한 회귀분석의 결과를 보면, 상관계수는 정상 액체크로마토그래피의 용질 머무름 메카니즘상의 복잡성으로 인하여 역상 액체크로마토그래피의 경우보다 낮은 결과를 보였고, 회귀계수의 용매조성 부피비(${\phi}$)에 따른 경향을 조사하여 정지상의 모든 극성도가 이동상의 그것보다 크며 그 극성도 차이는 극성이 더 큰 용매의 ${\phi}$가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 관찰하였다. 주어진 컬럼과 한 용질에 대해서 여러 다른 조성의 용매를 고려하여 수행한 lnk'과 용매 극성도 지수간의 다중 회귀분석은 용매 극성도 지수간의 직선상관성으로 인하여 의미있는 결과를 얻을 수 없었고, 대신 lnk'대 ${\pi}^*$간의 회귀분석은 용질 머무름 예측의 응용성이 있는 직선상관을 주었으며 이것은 lnk'대 ${\phi}$간의 직선상관성보다 우수하였다.

농촌마을의 향토자원과 비보(裨補)경관과의 관계 - 강원 영동지역을 중심으로 -

유종덕,윤영활,최장순 한국농촌건축학회 2009 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.11 No.2

In our traditional living lives, our ancestors have been succeeded in and developed the shortage-replenishing materials to balance with the nature and supplement the condition of geography by the measures, called the BiBo, in order to be harmonized with the nature. This study is purposed to find the meaning and quality of the BiBo materials distributed throughout the agriculture village in Yeoungdong area, Gangwon province in terms of scenery perspectives. It is found that there are 56 village forests, 18 BiBo symbolic properties and 2 BiBo ponds in Yeoungdong area, Gangwon province. Among these, village forests are largely consisting of pine trees and most of them are functioned for water-entrance defender. Including these village forests, the BiBo symbolic properties are important historic and cultural resources in this area and expected to be used as the income-source of the farm village.

강원 영서지역 농촌마을의 입지와 비보(裨補)경관과의 관계

유종덕,윤영활,최장순 한국농촌건축학회 2009 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This research surveyed the native resources which BiBo(replenishing shortages by helping each other) landscapes have been preserved by aiming at the village settlement spaces of five cities and counties in Gangwon Youngseo province. This research reveals that BiBo landscape patterns of 41 village forests, 23 BiBo symbols, and 6 BiBo ponds were surveyed. The village forests are all 41 places, and were mainly made on the plains in front of villages. BiBo functions of the forests were in the order of the land obstructing the view of the mouth of a river which is the most as 13 places, the land obstructing the view of the mouth of river, situation complements, village protection, and protection against wind. Bibo symbols were all 23 places. Towers, stone towers, menhirs, and Maitreya stones were 12 places, Jangseungs(a signpost raising on the entrance of the village or a temple) were 6 places, Sotdae(a pole raising at the entrance of the village as the symbol of a board or a village protecting deity) was 1 place, and the others were made multiply in 4 places. Bibo symbols were located at 21 places in front of villages. The village protection in Bibo functions was 6 places. 6 Bibo ponds were surveyed. Most Bibo ponds were made for earth power leakage prevention.

Erythropoietin 투여 후 나타난 투석막 재사용 투석효율 및 임상지표의 변화에 관한 연구

신진,전용덕,이성은,이승복,안병진,윤광식,문도호,도승경,정안철,최장균,정예경,강효종 대한신장학회 1998 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.17 No.2

The use of erythropoietin for correction of anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients affects dialyzer reuse, dialysis efficacy and other clinical pararneters. This study showed the change of Kt/fVurea, nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN, body weight, ultrafiltration volume, pre-dialysis blood pressure, heparin dosage, the number of dialyzer reuse caused by the administration of erythropoietin in reuse(n=ll) and first use(n=9) patients who were started erythropoietin since January, 1995. 1) In 20 all patients, hematocrit increased significantly after EPO treatment 20.7±0.8%, 27.8±0.7%, ultrafiltration volume increased from 2.0±0.3L to 2.5±0.2L(P$lt;0.05). However no significant changes were noted in Kt/Vurea, nPCR and other parameters 2) In patients of dialysis reuse, the number of reuse was not affected by EPO treatment(8.4±1.7, 9.6±1.5, P=0.67). No significant differences were observed in all parameters except hematocrit in case of first use and reuse. 3) Entire patients were reclassified into low baselitein intake group(nPCR$lt;1.0g/kg/day) and high baseline protein intake group(nPcR$gt;1.0/kg/ day) and then pretreatment versus posttreatment nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN and ultrafiltration volume were compared. In low baseline protein intake group, significant increases of ultrafiltration volume, nPCR were observed. However, pre-dialysis BUN were not changed significantly. In high protein intake group, nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN, ultrafiltration volume were changed without significance. In conclusion, EPO treatment did not affect Kt/ Vurea, dialyzer reuse, nPCR, predialysis blood pressure, heparin dosage. But ultrafiltration volume increased significantly after EPO treatment. Maybe increased appetite in low baseline protein intake group caused the increased posttreatment ultrafiltration volume.

식품섭취량을 활용한 우리나라 식이 패턴 분석 - 김치류 및 주류 중심으로

김수환,최장덕,김신희,이준구,권유진,신춘식,신민수,천소영,강길진 한국식품위생안전성학회 2019 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.34 No.3

In this study, we analyzed Korean dietary habits with food intake data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and we proposed a set of management guidelines for future Korean dietary habits. A total of 839 food items (1,419 foods) were analyzed according to the food catagories in『 Food Code』, which is the representative food classification system in Korea. The average total daily food intake was 1,585.77 g/day, with raw and processed foods accounting for 858.96 g/day and 726.81 g/day, respectively. Cereal grains contributed to the highest proportion of the food intake. Over 90% of subjects consumed cereal grains (99.09%) and root and tuber vegetables (95.80%) among the top 15 consumed food groups. According to the analysis by item, rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, apple, radish, egg, chili pepper, onion, wheat, soybean curds, potato, cucumber and pork were major (at least 1% of the average daily intake, 158.6 g/day) and frequently (eaten by more than 25% of subjects, 5,168 persons) consumed food items, and Korean spices were at the top of this list. In the case of kimchi, the proportion of intake of Korean cabbage kimchi (64.89 g/day) was the highest. In the case of alcoholic beverages, intake was highest by order of beer (63.53 g/day), soju (39.11 g/day) and makgeolli (19.70 g/day), and intake frequency was high in order of soju (11.3%), beer (7.2%), and sake (6.6%). Analysis results by seasonal intake trends showed that cereal grains have steadily decreased and beverages have slightly risen. In the case of alcoholic beverage consumption frequency, some kinds of makgeolli, wine, sake, and black raspberry wine have decreased gradually year by year. The consumption trend for kimchi has been gradually decreasing as well.

마이크로 액체 크로마토그래피계에 의한 물질 분리 연구 (Ⅰ). 내벽이 유리로 코팅된 스테인레스 스틸관을 이용한 마이크로 컬럼의 제작과 그 응용

정원조,차기원,최장덕,Cheong, Won Jo,Cha, Ki-Won,Choi, Jang Duck 대한화학회 1995 대한화학회지 Vol.39 No.6

Monitoring of the amphetamine-like substances in dietary supplements by LC-PDA and LC–MS/MS

윤지숙,권기성,최장덕,조천호 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

Recently, amphetamine-like substances derived from the b-phenylethylamine core structure have been detected in dietary supplements. Especially, bmethylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), an amphetamine isomer, has been found in dietary supplements labeled as containing Acacia rigidula. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration determined that BMPEA is not naturally present in food and does not meet the statutory definition of a dietary ingredient. In addition, BMPEA has been classified as a psychotropic drug in South Korea and a doping substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplements contained amphetamine and amphetamine-like substance, including b-phenylethylamine (b-PEA) and BMPEA using LC-PDA and LC–MS/MS. In 10 of 110 samples, illegally added compounds were detected in the following ranges; b-PEA 1.4–122.0 mg/g and BMPEA 4.7–37.6 mg/g. This study will contribute to enhancement of food safety in the South Korea.

국내 유통 소금 중의 포타슘시아니이드와 페로시아나이드염의 분석에 관한 연구

허숙진,소유섭,최장덕,이화정,최선희,성준현,임무혁,김광수,최용훈,오해성,최정희,최정실,허옥순,이진하,신동우,신현수,문병우 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구는 국내 유통 소금중의 안전성을 규명하기 위하여 천일염 54건, 재제염 보건, 가공염 33건 등 총 143건에 대하여 숲행하였다. HPLC, ICP, Mercury Analyzer 등을 이용하여 KCN, 페로시아나이드 염, 납 등 6개 성분의 항량을 측정하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. [rdn-max(mean) ; m곱3 ; f(CN : ND-ND(ND), 페로시아나이드염 : ND-ND(ND), Pb . ND-1.30 (0.331), Cd :ND-0.23(0.070), Hg ND-0.35(0,035), As :ND-1.52fo.062). 또한, 신속하고도 효율적이 면서 기존의 환경부 시안분석법의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 KCN과 페로시아나이드염의 분석 조건을 계시하였으며, 천일염, 재제염, 가공염 뿐만아니라 소금이 첨가된 식품까지도 적용하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to confirm the safety in a total of 143 samples of salts. The contents of potassium cyanide(KCN), potassium ferrocyanide(K_(4)Fe(CN)_(6)), lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), and arsenic(As) were determined using a high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC), inductively coupled plasma spectrometer(ICP), and mercury analyzer. The values of cyanide complexes and metal elements in salts were as follow [min-max(mean);mg/kg] ; KCN : ND-ND(ND), Ferrocyanide salt : ND-ND(ND), Pb : ND-1.30(0.331), Cd: ND-0.23(0.070), Hg : ND-0.35(0.035), As : ND-1.52(0.062). In this study, we established efficient

Establishment of Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) and Risk Assessment for Ephedrine, Menichlopholan, Anacolin, and Etisazole Hydrochloride

김민지,김지영,최장덕,문귀임 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회지 Vol.41 No.4

BACKGROUND: Prior to implementing a positive list system (PLS), there is a need to establish acceptable daily intake (ADI) and maximum residue limit (MRL) for vetꠓerinary drugs that have been approved a few decades ago in South Korea. On top of that, chronic dietary exposure assessment of veterinary drug residues should be perꠓformed to determine whether the use of these veterinary drugs would cause health concerns or not. METHODS AND RESULTS: To establish the ADI, the relevant toxicological data were collected from evaluaꠓtion reports issued by international organizations. A slightly modified global estimate of chronic dietary exꠓposure (GECDE) model was employed in the exposure assessment owing to the limited residual data. Therefore, only the ADI of ephedrine was established due to inꠓsufficient data for the other veterinary drugs. Thus, inꠓstead of ADI, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) value was used for the other drugs. Lastly, the hazꠓard index (HI) was calculated, except for etizazole hydroꠓchloride, due to the potential of mutagenicity. CONCLUSION(S): The HI values of ephedrine, meniꠓchlopholan, and anacolin were found to be as high as 6.4%, suggesting that chronic dietary exposure to the resiꠓdues from these uses was unlikely to be a public health concern. Further research for exposure assessment of vetꠓerinary drug residues should be performed using up-toꠓdate Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) food consumption data. In addition, all relevant available data sources should be utilized for identifying the potentials of toxicity.

Improvement of a GC–MS analytical method for the simultaneous detection of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in food

양세희,권기성,최장덕,조천호 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Chloropropanols such as 3-monochloropropane- 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) are produced by heat treatment in the presence of fat and hydrochloric acid during the manufacture of food stuffs such as hydrolyzed vegetable protein and soy sauce. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP have been detected in several foods. An efficient, highly selective GC–MS method was developed to determine the concentration of 3-MCPD and 1,3- DCP in food. Calibration curves for 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP were constructed, and a correlation of determination (r2) C 0.9990 was obtained. The limits of detection and quantitation for 3-MCPD in food were 0.6 and 2.0 lg/kg, respectively, and those for 1,3-DCP were 0.2 and 0.6 lg/ kg, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this GC– MS-based method is a newly improved analytical procedure for the simultaneous separation and determination of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP, at once and at low levels (lg/kg).