유체포유물의 생성시 온도-압력 조건과 유체포유물의 물리화학적 특성연구에 있어서의 컴퓨터 프로그램이용

오창환,최상훈,Oh, Chang-Whan,Choi, Sang-Hoon 대한자원환경지질학회 1993 자원환경지질 Vol.26 No.1

유체포유물은 광상의 기원과 물리화학적인 환경 연구에 널리 사용되어져 왔다. 하지만 측정치의 오차와 유체포유물의 밀도와 isochore 등의 계산에 있어 그 과정의 복잡성 때문에 유체포유물에 내포한 물리화학적인 정보를 정확히 알아내는 것은 매우 힘들다. HALWAT, $CO_2$ 그리고 CHNACL 등의 컴퓨터 프로그램들은 (Nicholl and Crowford, 1985) 유체포유물의 밀도와 isochore 등을 복잡한 공식을 이용하여 계산함으로서 유체포유물로 계산될 수 있는 물리화학적인 정보의 정확도를 개선하였다. 본 논문에서는 이들 프로그램을 백악기에 형성된 금학 광산에 대한 최상훈과 소칠섭 (1992)의 유체포유물 측정치와 쥬라기에 형성된 삼황학 광산에 대한 윤성택 (1990)의 유체포유물 측정치에 적용하여 보았다. 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 결정된 금학광산의 온도-압력조건은 $230^{\circ}{\sim}290^{\circ}C$, 500~800 bar로서 최상훈과 소철섭 (1992)에 의하여 추정된 온도-압력조건인 $280{\sim}360^{\circ}C$, 500~800 bar와 유사하다. 하지만 본 연구에서 결정된 삼황학 광산에 대한 온도-압력 조건은 대략 4~7 kb, $328{\pm}500^{\circ}{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ 이며 이는 윤성택 (1990)에 의하여 추정된 온도-압력 조건인 1.2~1.9kb, $25^{\circ}{\sim}294^{\circ}C$와 차이를 보여준다. 삼황학 광산에서의 온도-압력 추정에 있어서의 차이는 광상의 온도-압력조건 추정에 있어 균일화 온도와 유체포유물의 포획온도를 동일시하고 적당치 못한 isochore의 사용함에 기인한다. 금학광상의 경우는 낮은 압력조건 (<1~2kb)에서 균일화 온도와 유체포유물의 포획온도가 비슷하기 때문에 큰 차이를 보여 주지 않았다. 따라서 1~2kb보다 높은 압력조건에서 형성된 광상에서는 광상의 온도-압력조건 추정에 있어 균일화 온도의 잘못된 적용과 적당치 못한 isochore의 사용을 피하여야 하며 이를 위하여 본 연구에서 소개된 컴퓨터 프로그램 이용을 추천한다. Fluid inclusion has been widely used to study the origin and physiochemical conditions of ore deposits. However, it is difficult to get the accurate physiochemical data from fluid inclusion study due to the error of microthermometric data and the complexity of calculation of density and isochore of fluid inclusion. The computer programs HALWAT, $CO_2$, and CHNACL written by Nicholls and Crowford (1985) partly contributed to improve the accuracy of physiochemical data by using complicated equations. These programs are applied to determine the densities and isochores of fluid inclusions for the Cretaceous Keumhak mine using Choi and So's data (1992) and for the Jurassic Samhwanghak mine using Yun's data (1990). The estimated PoT for Keumhak mine from calculated isochores of coexisting fluid inclusions are $230^{\circ}{\sim}290^{\circ}C$ and 500~800 bar which matche well to the poT estimated by Choi and So ($280^{\circ}{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ and 500~800 bar, 1992). However, the poT for Samwhanghak mine estimated in this study by combining the calculated isochores and sulfur isotope geothermometer data by Yun (1990) are about 4~7 kb at $329{\pm}50^{\circ}{\sim}344{\pm}55^{\circ}C$ which are quite different form the P-T estimates by Yun ($255^{\circ}{\sim}294^{\circ}C$ and 1.2~1.9kb, 1990). This discrepancy caused by misinterpretation of homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusion and by application of inappropriate isochores. The application of homogenization temperature and/or inappropriately selected isochore to determine the trapping PoT condition of ore-deposits should be avoided, particularly for ore-deposits formed at pressures higher than 1~2 kb.

The application of computer program for determination of fluid properties and P-T condition from microthermometric data on fluid inclusions

오창환(Chang whan Oh),최상훈(Sang hoon Choi) 대한자원환경지질학회 1993 자원환경지질 Vol.26 No.1

유체포유물은 광상의 기원과 물리화학적인 환경 연구에 널리 사용되어져 왔다. 하지만 측정치의 오차와 유체포유물의 밀도와 isochore 등의 계산에 있어 그 과정의 복잡성 때문에 유체포유물에 내포한 물리화학적인 정보를 정확히 알아내는 것은 매우 힘들다. HALWAT, CO₂ 그리고 CHNACL 등의 컴퓨터 프로그램들은 (Nicholl and Crowford, 1985) 유체포유물의 밀도와 isochore 등을 복잡한 공식을 이용하여 계산함으로서 유체포유물로 계산될 수 있는 물리화학적인 정보의 정확도를 개선하였다.본 논문에서는 이들 프로그램을 백악기에 형성된 금학 광산에 대한 최상훈과 소칠섭 (1992)의 유체포유물 측정치와 쥬라기에 형성된 삼황학 광산에 대한 윤성택 (1990)의 유체포유물 측정치에 적용하여 보았다. 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 결정된 금학광산의 온도-압력조건은 230°~290℃, 500~800 bar로서 최상훈과 소칠섭 (1992)에 의하여 추정된 온도-압력조건인 280~360℃, 500~800 bar와 유사하다. 하지만 본 연구에서 결정된 삼황학 광산에 대한 온도-압력 조건은 대략 4~7 kb, 328±50°~344±55℃이며 이는 윤성택 (1990)에 의하여 추정된 온도-압력 조건인 1.2~1.9 kb, 255°~294℃와 차이를 보여준다. 삼황학 광산에서의 온도-압력 추정에 있어서의 차이는 광상의 온도-압력조건 추정에 있어 균일화 온도와 유체포유물의 포획온도를 동일시하고 적당치 못한 isochore의 사용함에 기인한다. 금학광상의 경우는 낮은 압력조건 (<1~2kb)에서 균일화 온도와 유체포유물의 포획온도가 비슷하기 때문에 큰 차이를 보여 주지 않았다. 따라서 1~2 kb보다 높은 압력조건에서 형성된 광상에서는 광상의 온도-압력조건 추정에 있어 균일화 온도의 잘못된 적용과 적당치 못한 isochore의 사용을 피하여야 하며 이를 위하여 본 연구에서 소개된 컴퓨터 프로그램 이용을 추천한다. Fluid inclusion has been widely used to study the origin and physiochemical conditions of ore deposits. However, it is difficult to get the accurate physiochemical data from fluid inclusion study due to the error of microthermometric data and the complexity of calculation of density and isochore of fluid inclusion. The computer programs HALWAT, CO₂, and CHNACL written by Nicholls and Crowford (1985) partly contributed to improve the accuracy of physiochemical data by using complicated equations. These programs are applied to determine the densities and isochores of fluid inclusions for the Cretaceous Keumhak mine using Choi and So’s data (1992) and for the Jurassic Samhwanghak mine using Yun’s data (1990). The estimated P-T for Keumhak mine from calculated isochores of coexisting fluid inclusions are 230°~290℃ and 500~800 bar which matche well to the P-T estimated by Choi and So (280°~360℃ and 500~800 bar, 1992). However, the P-T for Samwhanghak mine estimated in this study by combining the calculated isochores and sulfur isotope geothermometer data by Yun (1990) are about 4~7 kb at 329±50°~344±55℃ which are quite different form the P-T estimates by Yun (255°~294℃ and 1.2~1.9 kb, 1990). This discrepancy caused by misinterpretation of homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusion and by application of inappropriate isochores. The application of homogenization temperature and/or inappropriately selected isochore to determine the trapping P-T condition of ore-deposits should be avoided, particularly for ore-deposits formed at pressures higher than 1~2 kb.

The Geochemistry of Copper-bearing Hydrothermal Vein Deposits in Goseong Mining District (Samsan Area), Gyeongsang Basin, Korea

최상훈,소칠섭,권순학,최광준,Choi, Sang Hoon,So, Chil Sup,Kweon, Soon Hag,Choi, Kwang Jun The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1994 자원환경지질 Vol.27 No.2

경상분지 백악기 퇴적암류와 화산암류내 열극을 충진한 열수 맥상광체들로 구성된 삼산지역 동광상들은 구조운동에 수반되어 2회에 걸쳐 형성된 석영 및 방해석맥들로 구성된다. 변질대에 산출되는 견운모에 대한 K-Ar 연령은 약 82Ma로서, 지역주변에 암주상으로 산출되는 화강섬록암의 관입활동 등 후기 백악기 화성활동과 관련된 것임을 지시한다. 주 광화시기인 광화 I기 석영맥내에는 황철석, 유비철석, 황동석, 섬아연석, 방연석, 적철석 및 Pb-Bi-Ag-Sb계 유염광물등의 광석광물들이 녹렴석, 녹니석 등의 맥석광물들과 함께 산출되며, 광화 I기는 광물들의 산출조직과 공생관계 등에 의하여 3개의 substage (early, main, late)로 구분된다. 본역내 광상들에서의 주된 동광화작용은 약 12~3wt. % NaCl 상당 염농도를 갖는 광화유체로 부터 약 $330^{\circ}C$에서 약 $280^{\circ}C$ 에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 초기 광화유체의 비등현상으로부터 ${\leq}100{\sim}200bar$의 광화작용시 압력이 확인된다. 주광화시기인 광화 I기중 광화유체의 ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$값이 초기 8‰에서 후기 2.3‰로 점차 감소함은 광화유체의 비등과 천수혼입에 수반되어 산소분압이 점진적으로 증가한 결과로 해석된다. 유체내 산소 및 수소 안정동위원소 연구결과, 이들 동위원소 값이 광화작용의 진행과 함께 점차 감소함은 상대적으로 낮은 water/rock 비값을 갖는 환경하에서 동위원소 교환반응을 이뤄 평행상태에 이른 광화초기 열수계내에 광화작용의 진행과 함께 산화상태의 차갑고 동위원소적 교환반응이 거의 이뤄지지 않은 천수의 혼입이 점증 하였음을 지시한다. Copper-bearing hydrothermal vein mineralization of the Samsan area was deposited in two stages (I and II) of quartz-calcite-sulfide veins which fill fissures in Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Gyeongsang basin. The major ore minerals, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, together with pyrite, galena, hematite, and minor sulfosalts, occur with epidote and chlorite as gangue minerals in stage I quartz veins. Chlorite geothermometry, fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that copper ore was deposited mainly at temperatures between $330^{\circ}C$ and $280^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities between 12 and 3 equiv. wt % NaCl. Evidence of fluid boiling indicates a range of pressures from ${\leq}100$ to 200 bars bars. Within ore stage I there was an apparent decrease in ${\delta}^{34}S$ values of $H_{2}S$ with paragenetic time, from 8.0 to 2.3 per mil. This pattern was likely achieved through progressive increases in activity of oxygen accompanying boiling and mixing. In the early part of the first stage, the high temperature, high salinity fluids gave way to progressively cooler and more dilute fluids of the late parts in the first stage and of the second stage. There is a systematic decrease in calculated ${\delta}^{18}O_{water}$ values with decreasing temperature in the Samsan hydrothermal system, from values of -86 per mil for early portion of stage I through -5.9 per mil for late portion of stage I to -6.3 per mil for stage II. The ${\delta}D$ values of fluid inclusion waters also decrease with paragenetic time from -76 per mil to -86 per mil. These trends combined with mineral paragenesis and fluid inclusion data are interpreted to indicate progressive cooler, more oxidizing meteoric water inundation of an early exchanged meteoric hydrothermal system.

Morphology, Mineralogy and Genetic Implication of Placer Gold from the Huongkhe Area, Vietnam

최상훈,최선규,한진균,Choi, Sang-Hoon,Choi, Seon-Gyu,Han, Jin-Kyun The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.3

베트남 홍케 광화대의 동도 및 호아하이 지역으로 부터 채취된 사금은 일반적으로 세립질로서, 동도 지역 사금은 호아하이 지역에 비하여 상대적으로 큰 입도와 낮은 분급도의 경향성을 보여준다. 이들 사금 입자의 산출형태는 장경과 단경의 비에 의하여 spherical, subprismoidal, prismoidal 및 irregular로 분류 할 수 있으며, spherical form이 ${\approx}75%$인 호아하이 지역에 비하여 동도 지역 사금 업자들의 형태는 다양하게 관찰된다. 이러한 산상에 의하면, 동도지역에 비하여 호아하이지역 사금의 이동거리 (또는 시간)가 걸었던 것으로 추정된다. 이들 사금은 그 화학조성에 의하여 electrum (type I, fineness=568~931), amalgam (type II, fineness=671~927), native gold (type III, fineness=923~999) 등으로 분류된다. Type I은 그 산출특정에 따라 상대적으로 낮은 함은량 (11~39 atomic % Ag)을 갖는 type IA와, 상대적으로 높은 함은량 (40~58 atomic % Ag)을 갖는 type IB로 세분되며, 이는 기원광상산 electrum의 화학조성을 보여주는 것으로 사료된다. Type II는 주로 호아하이지역에서 산출되며, 함수은량은 동도지역의 사금이 낮은 경향을 보여준다. Type III는 주로 type I 또는 type II 사금업자의 가장자리에 산출한다. 이들 type III의 gold-rich rim은 이동과 풍화과정중 산화환경에서 야기된 self-electrorefining과 silver의 preferential dissolution에 기인된 것으로 사료된다. 홍케지역 사금중 적어도 일부 높은 함수은량을 보이는 경우는 함금-은 천열수 광상과 유사한 환경에서 생성된 기원광상으로부터 유래되었을 것으로 추정된다. Placer gold in collected heavy minerals from several localities in Huongkhe area, is consistently very finegrained (${\leq}100$ to $400{\mu}m$). The size and size distribution show somewhat differences at Dongdo and Hoahai : at Dongdo, predominant relatively larger and wide distribution; at Hoahai, characteristic relatively finer and narrow distribution range. The morphology of gold grains is divided into the four groups assumed by the dimension ratio : spherical, subprismoidal, prismoidal, and irregular. The gold grains at Dongdo show wide morphological distribution, whereas, at Hoahai, spherical form is predominant (${\approx}75%$). Three main types of gold are classified based on their chemical composition and mode of occurrence: type I (electrum; fineness=568~931), type II (amalgam; fineness=671~927), and type III (native gold; fineness=923~999). Type I gold contains, relatively high and variable silver contents (${\approx}11$ to 58 atomic % Ag), and has been classified into two subtypes based on their silver contents (type IA, ${\approx}11{\sim}39$ atomic % Ag; type IB, ${\approx}40{\sim}58$ atomic % Ag). However, type I gold would have been generally original compositions of electrum which originated at the provenance deposits. Mercury reacts with gold and silver to form amalgam (type II gold) which has variable Hg contents (1.2~30.5 atomic % Hg). The mercury contents in gold grains at Hoahai (10.9~30.5 atomic % Hg) are higher than those at Dongdo (5.8~21.1 atomic % Hg). The gold grains from the area generally exhibit a high-purity gold (type III) rim. The individual rims on the various grains range from <1 to $80{\mu}m$ in thickness and have silver contents of <10 atomic percent Ag, even though the core compositions range from ${\approx}11$ to 58 atomic percent Ag. The rim of gold most likely is responsible for the commonly cited cases of gold from placer deposits assaying at higher values of fineness than the gold in the corresponding source lode. The gold-rich rim in the Huongkhe area apparently forms by a combination of self-electrorefining and preferential dissolution of silver under oxidizing nature during the weathering and transport process. All data of gold grains in the Huongkhe area suggest that the transport distances and/or time of placer gold at Hoahai are generally farther than those at Dongdo. The mercurian gold bearing provenance deposits at Dongdo and Hoahai would be suggest nearest epithermal gold-silver vein-type.

A Study on Hybrid Image Coder Using a Reconfigurable Multiprocessor System (Study II : Parallel Algorithm Implementation

최상훈,이광기,김인,이용균,박규태,Choi, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Kwang-Kee,Kim, In,Lee, Yong-Kyun,Park, Kyu-Tae The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 1993 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b30 No.10

Motion picture algorithms are realized on the multiprocessor system presented in the Study I. For the most efficient processing of the algorithms, pipelining and geometrical parallel processing methods are employed, and processing time, communication load and efficiency of each algorithm are compared. The performance of the implemented system is compared and analysed with reference to MPEG coding algorithm. Theoretical calculations and experimental results both shows that geometrical partitioning is a more suitable parallel processing algorithm for moving picture coding having the advantage of easy algorithm modification and expansion, and the overall efficiency is higher than pipelining.

Geochemical Environments of Copper-bearing Ore Mineralization in the Haman Mineralized Area

최상훈,Choi, Sang-Hoon The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 2009 자원환경지질 Vol.42 No.1

함안광화대는 한반도 남동부 백악기 경상퇴적분지 내에 위치한다. 함안광화대에는 함동 다금속 열수 맥상 광화작용이 진행되어, 함동광물을 포함한 황화광물들과 철산화광물 및 황염광물 등이 열극을 충진하여 발달한 전기석, 석영 및 탄산염광물 맥 내에 산출한다. 본 광화대 내에는 군북, 제일군북 및 함안 광상 등이 분포한다. 광화대의 광화작용은 함철 및 함동 광화작용이 주로 진행된 광화 I 기와 주된 동광화작용이 진행되어 황화광물과 황염광물이 산출하는 광화 II 기 및 금속광물의 산출이 이루어지지 않은 방해석맥으로 이루어진 광화 III 기로 구분된다. 광물공생관계와 광물의 지화학적 조성특성 등이 고려된 열역학적 연구결과 주된 함동광물인 황동석의 침전은 약 $350^{\circ}C$ 에서 시작되어 약 $250^{\circ}C$ 까지 진행되었다. 동은 주로 염화복합체로 이동되었으며, 상기 온도의 냉각과정에 수반된 지화학적 환경요인 ($fs_2$, $fo_2$, pH 등)들의 변화에 의한 함동 염화복합체의 용해도 감소에 의하여 침전되었다. The Haman mineralized area is located within the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin along the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. Almost all occurrences in the Haman area are representative of copper-bearing polymetallic hydrothermal vein-type mineralization. Within the area are a number of fissure-filling hydrothermal veins which contain tourmaline, quartz and carbonates with Fe-oxide, base-metal sulfide and sulfosalt minerals. The Gunbuk, Jeilgunbuk and Haman mines are each located on such veins. The ore and gangue mineral paragenesis can be divided into three distinct stages: Stage I, tourmaline + quartz + Fe-Cu ore mineralization; Stage II, quartz + sulfides + sulfosalts + carbonates; Stage III, barren calcite. Equilibrium thermodynamic data combined with mineral paragenesis indicate that copper minerals precipitated mainly within a temperature range of $350^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$. During early mineralization at $350^{\circ}C$, significant amounts of copper ($10^3$ to $10^2\;ppm$) could be dissolved in weakly acid NaCl solutions. For late mineralization at $250^{\circ}C$, about $10^0$ to $10^{-1}\;ppm$ copper could be dissolved. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation indicates that the copper in the Haman-Gunbuk systems could have been transported as a chloride complex and the copper precipitation occurred as a result of cooling accompanied by changes in the geochemical environments ($fs_2$, $fo_2$, pH, etc.) resulting in decrease of solubility of copper chloride complexes.

자전연소 합성법을 이용한 W-B 화합물 합성 및 조건 변수의 영향

최상훈,원창환,Choi, Sang-Hoon,Nersisyan, Hayk,Won, Changwhan 한국재료학회 2014 한국재료학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Due to their unique properties, tungsten borides are good candidates for the industrial applications where certain features such as high hardness, chemical inertness, resistance to high temperatures, thermal shock and corrosion. In this study, conditions were investigated for producing tungsten boride powder from tungsten oxide($WO_3$) by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) followed by HCl leaching techniques. In the first stage of the study, the exothermicity of the $WO_3$-Mg reaction was investigated by computer simulation. Based on the simulation experimental study was conducted and the SHS products consisting of borides and other compounds were obtained starting with different initial molar ratios of $WO_3$, Mg and $B_2O_3$. It was found that $WO_3$, Mg and $B_2O_3$ reaction system produced high combustion temperature and radical reaction so that diffusion between W and B was not properly occurred. Addition of NaCl and replacement of $B_2O_3$ with B successfully solved the diffusion problem. From the optimum condition tungsten boride($W_2B$ and WB) powders which has 0.1~0.9 um particle size were synthesized.

중등역사교사 임용시험의 제도변화와 개선방안 -2013학년도와 2014학년도 출제문항을 중심으로-

최상훈 ( Sang Hoon Choi ) 역사교육학회 2014 역사교육논집 Vol.53 No.-

This study intends to survey two systems of 2009 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher and 2014 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher, and analyse items and tests in them, and to suggest their improvement devices. To achieve the purpose of this study, I surveyed previous studies and national documents about 2009 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher and 2014 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher. And I obtained and analysed items and tests in 2009 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher and 2014 school-year`s appointment examination for middle school history teacher. Improvement devices for appointment examination for middle school history teacher suggested in this study were as follows. Firstly, the essay type examination of education subjects must be abolished because of testees’burdens and markings’difficulties. Secondly, the types of items and tests must be defined accurately and be diversified, and their number muse be increased in order to raise the content-validity and reliability of appointment examination for middle school history teacher. Thirdly, the multiple choice type of items and tests must be used in order to increase number of items and tests and cover ranges of appointment examination for middle school history teacher. Fourthly, the essay type examination must be intensified in order to test the testees`historical inquiry abilities and historical judgment abilities. Fifthly, the curricula of teacher`s colleges must be standardized in order to to raise the content-validity and reliability of appointment examination for middle school history teacher and lighten testees`burdens. Finally, the feature of excellent teachers must be defined in order to educate them and select them.

디지털 융합에 따른 비즈니스 거버넌스 분석 모델

최상훈(Sang-Hoon Choi),장석권(Suk-Gwon Chang),신민수(Minsoo Shin) 한국정보사회학회 2005 정보사회와 미디어 Vol.- No.8

전자기유도초음파를 이용한 복수기 전열관 결함신호 특성분석

최상훈(Sang-Hoon Choi),왕지남(Gi-Nam Wang) 대한설비공학회 2015 설비공학 논문집 Vol.27 No.3

This paper describes a signal processing technique for identifying signals from defects by using an electromagneticultrasonic guided waves method based on a magnetostrictive sensor that generates a torsional mode (T(0, 1)). Because this technique is based on the digital filtering, the filtered signals provide information on the relationship between the cutoff frequency of band-pass filter and the characteristic of defect signals in heat exchange tubes. To verify the performance of the technique, artificial defects with various thickness reduction ration and shape were machined in titanium tubes, and digital filtering results are reported. The results show that digital filtering provides information to the identify shape of defects and the contact condition between the tube and support ring. Therefore, the proposed technique has good potential as a tool for evaluating the integrity of heat exchange tubes.