자연환기 계획을 위한 국내 초고층 공동주택 커튼월의 창호유형 사례분석 및 환기창 성능분석에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),홍민호(Hong Min-Ho),유창우(Yoo Chang-Woo) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

When solar heat gain is not discharged outside the building due to a stagnant ventilation flow and lack of shading devices, the indoor environment of residents becomes worse, and the cooling of high-temperature products is delayed. The aim of this paper is to introduce a study which has been applied for the determination of the appropriate building envelope and window type from the cooling energy reduction viewpoint. The method used in this study comprises the analysis of building envelope and window type aspects of natural ventilation and shading device design criteria by quantitative data, surveyed case study of 114 high-rise residences that have above twenty stories in Korea. 11 curtain-wall types in this research were classified according to openable window location of vision part of building envelope. To calculate the open area ratio of windows use of openable window types' coefficient of discharge that classified by open method. CFD simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the natual ventilation efficiencies of various window systems. The information presented here is a foundation allowing architects and professionals to successfully design the building envelope and window systems for improvement of natural ventilation and reduction of building cooling load.

초고층 공동주택 자연환기를 위한 적정 개구면적 및 환기창 분할 배치계획에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),홍민호(Hong Min-Ho),유창우(Yoo Chang-Woo) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.2

This study introduces the effective openable area and position of windows of high-rise residences for natural ventilation. The airflow distribution was predicted using a network airflow program. To estimate airflow inside the room, the air pressures and velocities across the openings together with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10% of the net occupiable area at 8 locations and 25 different levels are measured. And a numerical method that is based on the CFD technique for the determination of the effective division and position of operable windows with single-sided natural ventilation is described. The test room is situated in a relatively sheltered location and to visualize the resultant local wind pattern around the room for a prevailing wind direction wind tunnel trials were carried out. This investigation also revealed that wind and stack effects may reinforce or oppose each other. This was verified by tracking the airflow patterns through a room at a range of window positions.

사무소 건물의 HVAC&R 시스템 에너지소비 특성에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),이성재(Lee Sueng-Jae),김진호(Kim Jin-Ho),신승호(Shin Seung-Ho) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.9

HVAC&R(Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration) systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC&R systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This research reviews energy consumptions of HVAC&R systems with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of building energy efficiency. Our approach deals first with the concept of HVAC&R set that is composed of subsystems: HVAC system, heat/coolth generation system and water/air transport system. This study focuses on the equipment and equipment components used to generate heating and cooling. Secondly, the matrix combination evaluation is examined and total 960 HVAC&R sets can be implemented to commercial building. The method as a tool for energy analysis of HVAC&R sets was developed for a unique system energy map. The objectives of this study were to provide a physical understanding of the factors which contribute to energy use by HVAC&R system and provide a baseline estimate of energy use.

기후대별 병원건물의 병실 공조시스템의 에너지소비 특성에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),문정환(Moon, Jung-Hwan),이규남(Rhee, Kyu-Nam),강호석(Kang, Ho-Suk) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.3

Recently hospitals have consumed tremendous energy approximately twice compared to general buildings all over the world. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems are the major parts of energy consumption in hospitals. This research evaluates energy consumption characteristics of HVAC systems, with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of hospital building energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to evaluate four different types of HVAC system applied to patient rooms located at three different climate regions that may be used by engineers and designers to assess the effectiveness of HVAC systems. Because of a recommended minimum outdoor air change rate for healthcare facilities, the energy consumption increases. Two all-air system (CAV and VAV) and two water-air system (FCU and active chilled beam with DOAS) were selected by investigating the design cases. In this paper, the HVAC system is evaluated for a patient room using TRNSYS joint with a system design process and simplified system’s energy evaluation methodologies. It was found that the active chilled beam with DOAS can be reduced the primary energy by approximately 20% compare with CAV system. Furthermore the study found that dominant factor can be reduced the energy of HVAC system in hospital facilities was how to decrease the OA load.

최적 IT 환경제어를 위한 데이터센터의 공기분배(공조)시스템 선정에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3

A critical goal of a data center cooling system is to separate the equipment exhaust air from the equipment intake air in order to prevent equipment from overheating. This separation also significantly increases the efficiency and capacity of the cooling system. When equipment power density increases, the corresponding increase in exhaust air volume and intake air volume makes it more difficult to prevent equipment from drawing exhaust air from itself or neighboring equipment into its intake. Cooling systems for data centers are primarily differentiated in the way they distribute air. Air supply systems have 4, and air return systems have 3 different configurations which can be combined to create 12 basic types of cooling systems. But the 6 combinations of flooded and locally ducted distribution make up the vast majority of all installations except fully ducted air distribution methods. Once the air distribution system is selected, there are other elements that must be integrated into the system design. These include layout of racks in alternating rows, location of CRAC/CRAH units, quantity and location of vents, sizing of ductwork and proper internal configuration of racks. In this research, the design parameters and IT environmental aspects of cooling system were studied with a multi-megawatt data center. CFD simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the heat removal efficiency combined with six types of air distribution systems by Star-CD simulation program. And IT environment of actual operating data center is surveyed. A method for planning and design of the appropriate air distribution system was described. IT professionals versed in precision air distribution mechanisms, components and configurations can work more effectively with HVAC/cooling engineers to ensure the specification and design of optimized cooling solutions.

그린데이터센터 구현을 위한 공조/냉각 에너지 성능분석 프로그램 개발 및 기후대별 대안평가에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),박우평(Park, Woo-Pyoung),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho),이진영(Lee, Jin-Young) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.7

Data centers can consume up to 40 times as much electricity as standard office spaces. In an average data center, 40% of the electricity is consumed by the cooling system. This paper provides an overview of best practices for energy-efficient green data center design which spans the categories of IT environmental conditions, cooling systems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a GDCEET: green data center energy evaluation tool that may be used by engineers and designers to assess the effectiveness and economic benefits of energy-saving cooling system under different climatic conditions. The developed tool is focused on energy consumption characteristics of data center cooling systems. The optimal green data center models were also derived by using evaluation tool and predict the PUE(power usage efficiency) under a wide range of IT operating conditions and different climate. It is anticipated that the developed tool will facilitate the integration of energy efficiency in green data center design and construction.

고밀도 데이터센터의 에너지 저감을 위한 공조효율 평가방법에 관한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),박우평(Park, Woo-Pyoung),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.6

The goal of air management system of high-density data centers is to minimize re-circulation of hot air and minimize by-pass of cold air in the IT server room. Successfully implemented, both measures result in energy savings and better thermal conditions. Air management helps reduce operating costs by enhancing economizer utilization, improving cooling system efficiency. Metrics play an important role in providing a measure of the performance of air management systems. Performance indices include the Supply/Return Heat Index(SHI/RHI), the Rack Cooling Index(RCI) and the Return Temperature Index(RTI). CFD simulation estimates temperature, airflow in the data center and provides a wealth of information for evaluating cooling efficiency. This study describes four performance metrics for analyzing air management systems. They were computed with CFD modeling to evaluate the thermal environment in a typical data center module and 46 different design alternatives. In this paper, advanced and comprehensive evaluation index of cooling efficiency was also derived and well-crafted metrics will undoubtedly play an important role.

사무소 건물의 HVAC&R 시스템 에너지소비 특성 및 구성 시스템별 영향도 평가에 대한 연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho),김종헌(Kim, Jong-Hurn) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.11

HVAC&R(Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration) system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential order to condition the air, to transport it to the conditioned space, and to control the indoor environmental parameters of a specified within required limits. It is the most energy consuming building services representing approximately 50% of the final energy use in the building sector. The purpose of this study is to provide the energy saving strategies and it is a main target in the development of HVAC&R system design guideline. Although there is a large number of building simulation tools available, these tools are mainly used for thermal load calculations in view of sizing of HVAC&R systems. This work is to research and enable useful applications of HVAC&R energy analysis tool for the integrated low-energy building design support. This paper discusses the results of system impact assessment for energy consumption characteristic of office buildings. A prototype commercial building, a 37,000㎡ office building, was selected for the energy simulation and for each HVAC&R set, total 960 variables could be identified. The results of the analysis are presented as percent changes in total cooling and heating energy consumption from an established baseline.

사무소 건물 HVAC&R 시스템의 에너지 효율화 사례연구

조진균(Cho, Jin-Kyun),우경헌(Woo, Kyung-Hun),박우평(Park, Woo-Pyoung),신승호(Shin, Seung-Ho) 한국지열·수열에너지학회 2013 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.9 No.1

HVAC&R systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC&R systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This research reviews energy consumption of HVAC&R systems with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of energy efficiency. The paper focuses on energy flow of the HVAC&R which include air-conditioning, transport and heat generation system for low-energy buildings.

데이터센터의 합리적인 환경제어를 위한 부하패턴 분석 및 에너지소비량 산정에 관한 연구

조진균(Jin-kyun Cho),홍민호(Min-ho Hong),성노천(Rho-chon Sung),정차수(Cha-Su Jeong),김병선(Byung-Seon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2006 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11

Today's IT server rooms of data centers require precise, stable environments in order for sensitive electronics to operate optimally and IT is advancing at a rapid pace, resulting in the cooling energy of data center has been steadily increasing. In this research economical aspects of energy consumption and load-profile were studied through surveys of domestic data centers that need all year round cooling load. Through DOE-2 simulation program, energy using patterns of cooling system combined with real power density are compared and energy saving effects of data center are reviewed. Also energy conservation variables that effects the building energy per square meter were setted and analyzed.