콩 무경운 유기재배 시 피복식물의 잡초억제 효과

조정래,안난희,남홍식,이상민,옥정훈,Cho, Jung-Lai,An, Nan-Hee,Nam, Hong-sik,Lee, Sang-min,Ok, Jung-hun 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2017 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.6 No.3

전북 완주의 국립농업과학원 유기농업 시험포장에서 2015년과 2016년 콩 무경운 유기재배를 위해 피복식물을 이용한 잡초관리 시험을 수행하였다. 피복식물은 호밀 단파와 헤어리베치를 단파하는 처리와 혼파하는 처리를 두었다. 피복식물은 2014년 가을에는 경운 후에 파종하였으나 2015년 이후에는 무경운 파종하였고, 콩은 2015년과 2016년 모두 무경운 재배하였다. 호밀 피복구에서는 정식 후 60일까지 80% 이상의 잡초억제율을 보여 무경운 재배에서 잡초관리가 가능한 것으로 판단되며, 호밀/헤어리베치 혼파구에서도 30% 이상의 잡초억제율을 보여 잡초관리 가능성을 확인하였다. 하지만 헤어리베치 피복구는 잡초억제 효과는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 유기재배 콩 포장의 발생 초종은 일반 포장에 비하여 많지 않았다. 2016년에 콩 무경운 유기재배 수량은 관행재배와 비교하여 다소 좋은 수량을 나타내었으나 전체적으로 평균수량은 낮게 나타났다. This study was conducted to evaluate weed control effect in organic soybean upland field as affected by cover crops including rye, hairyvetch, and its mixture. The experiment was conducted during two years (2015 and 2016) at the NAS (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) organic farming experimental field. The cover crops were seeded after tillage at fall crop season in 2014, and then, the soybean field was managed with no tillage system from 2015. The weed suppression rates of cover crops application for rye and mixture (rye+hairyvetch) treatment during 60 days after transplanting were 80% and 30%, respectively. However, weed suppression rate of hairyvetch treatment was not significantly different as compared to control. Weed flora in experimental field were less than general soybean field. The average organic soybean yield was generally low compare to normal year, nevertheless, the soybean yield for rye and mixture treatment in 2016 were significantly higher than PE mulching treatment.

유기자재 시용이 벼의 생육과 질소이용효율에 미치는 영향

조정래,최현석,이연,이상민,정석규,Cho, Jung-Lai,Choi, Hyun-Sug,Lee, Youn,Lee, Sang-Min,Jung, Seok-Kyu 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

탄질비가 다른 유기자재를 시용하여 벼를 유기재배 할 때 자재별 무기화 정도와 벼의 질소 이용효율을 조사하기 위해서 2009년부터 2011년까지 시험을 수행하였다. 유기자재 처리는 질소함량 90kg/ha 수준으로 가축분퇴비, 유박, 유박2배, 헤어리베치, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구를 두었고 화학비료구와 대조구를 두었다. 유기자재 중 유박은 가장 낮은 탄소:질소비(탄질비)를 나타내었고 가축분퇴비가 가장 높은 탄질비를 보였다. 토양 pH, 탄소, 질소, 칼슘, 그리고 마그네슘 농도는 처리간에 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 2009년과 2010년의 질소 이용효율은 유박처리구가 화학비료구와 헤어리베치 그리고 퇴비구보다 높았다. 강수량이 많았던 2011년에는 축분퇴비구가 질소이용효율이 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. This study was conducted to evaluate soil nutrient concentrations and N uptake efficiency of paddy rice as affected by nutrient sources from 2009 to 2011. The treatments included chemical fertilizer, compost, oilcake, oilcake 2X, hairy vetch, vetch+rye, and control. Nutrient applications were made at rates equivalent to approximately 90 kg of actual N per hectare. Oilcake had the lowest C:N ratio from the raw materials, but compost had the highest C:N ratio of 34:1. Soil pH and concentrations of C, N, Ca, and Mg were unaffected by nutrient source treatments. N uptake efficiency was the greatest for oilcake-treated rice compared to those treated by NPK, hairy vetch, and compost in 2009 and 2010. Composttreated rice had the greatest N uptake efficiency in 2011 when the high amount of precipitation occurred.

가묘상을 이용한 잡초관리가 잡초발생과 유기농 배추의 생장에 미치는 영향

조정래,이병모,안난희,옥정훈,신재훈,최현석,Cho, Jung-Lai,Lee, Byung-Mo,An, Nan-Hee,Ok, Jung-Hun,Shin, Jae-Hun,Choi, Hyun-Sug 한국유기농업학회 2014 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

본 시험은 유기재배 배추(Brassica oleracea L.)에서 가묘상 준비 후 잡초관리 방법이 잡초발생과 배추 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2013년 봄과 가을작기에 수행되었다. 잡초관리 방법에는 천경, 화염, PE멀칭, 무처리를 포함하였다. 천경처리는 봄작기에서 잡초억제 효과가 작았으나 화염처리는 봄과 가을작기 모두 효율적으로 잡초를 억제하였다. 봄작기에는 PE멀칭구에서 30%의 tip-burn이 관찰되었다. 가묘상 준비에 의한 잡초관리로 봄과 가을작기 모두 관행 PE멀칭과 비슷한 엽수와 신선중 및 수량이 가능하였다. 결구정도는 무처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 가을작기는 봄작기 보다 잡초생장이 감소되었고 이에 따라 배추 수량은 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 가묘상을 통한 천경이나 화염처리는 잡초발생을 크게 감소시켜서 PE 멀칭 대용으로서 친환경적인 초생관리의 효과가 기대되었다. The study was conducted to evaluate effects of weed managements after false seedbed on the weed control and growth of spring and fall cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) in an organic upland in 2013. Weed managements included rake, flame, PE mulch, and none treatment. The weed occurrence was not effectively controlled by rake treatment but controlled by flame treatment in spring and fall cultivation. PE mulch plots had 30% of tip-burn in spring cultivation. Weed managements after false seedbed were similar fresh weight, leaf number, and cabbage yield to the conventional PE mulch. Head of cabbage was the lowest on the none treatment. Fall cultivation reduced the weed density and increased yield of cabbage compared to those of spring in all treatment plots. In conclusion, rake or flame treatment after false seedbed markedly decreased weed occurrence, which was expected to use for management of environmentally-friendly vegetation as a substitute of PE mulch.

피복식물용 자생잡초 얼치기완두와 새완두 종자의 저장방법이 발아에 미치는 영향

조정래(Jung Lai Cho),최현석(Hyun Sug Choi),이연(Youn Lee),김창석(Chang Seok Kim),이인용(In Yong Lee) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.1

자생잡초인 얼치기완두와 새완두를 피복식물로 이용하기 위해 이들 종자의 저장기간 및 방법, 온도 및 광조건이 발아율에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위한 시험을 수행하였다. 2004년과 2005년 6월에 충청남도 당진에서 채종하여 일정기간 상온에서 저장한 종자를 15/5℃, 20/10℃, 25/15℃, 30/20℃ (주/야) 조건에서 발아율을 조사하였다. 2004년과 2005년에 얼치기 완두와 새완두 모두 채종후 3개월 동안 상온에서 저장한 후의 발아율은 30% 이하로 낮게 나타났다. 2005년에 채종되어 12개월 상온저장 후 25/15℃로 처리한 얼치기완두는 82%의 높은 발아율을 보였으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라서 발아율이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 반면에 새완두는 채종 6, 9, 12개월 후에 33%에서 53%의 발아율을 보여 저장기간이 발아율에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 얼치기완두와 새완두 종자는 저온보다는 상온에서 저장하는 것이 효과적이었으며, 광이나 고온처리가 발아에 영향을 미치지는 않았다. This study was conducted to evaluate germination rate of Vicia tetrasperma and V. hirsuta as affected by storage duration, temperature, and light. All seeds of both species were gathered from Dangjin, Chungnam in the late June of 2004 and 2005, stored for a certain period of time, and then exposed for 20 days to the alternating temperatures (15/5℃, 20/10℃, 25/15℃, and 30/20℃) for evaluating the germination rate. Both 2004 and 2005, two species stored at room temperature for 3 months had germination rates less then 30% with applying various alternating temperatures for 20 days although the highest germination rate was obtained with 25/15℃ treatment. V. tetrasperma at 12 month storage after seed gathering in 2005 had 82% of germination rate with 25/15℃ treatment and showed the increased rate as time passed. V. hirsuta at 6, 9, and 12 month storage after seed gathering in 2005 ranged, however, from 33 to 53% of the germination rate at alternating temperature treatments for 20 days and did not seem to be affected by the elapsed time of the storage. Storage at room temperature was more effective for increasing germination rate of both species compared to those of the storage at low temperature. The germination rate of both species was not significantly affected by either exposure of light or short period of high temperature.

잦은 강우 조건에서 유기질자재에 따른 유기재배 벼의 수량과 질소이용효율

조정래 ( Jung Lai Cho ),이연 ( Youn Lee ),최현석 ( Hyun Sug Choi ),김월수 ( Wol Soo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.2

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate growth and yield of organically grown rice under a typhoon during a fall. The treatments included NPK chemical fertilizer, compost, oilcake, oilcake 2X, hairyvetch, and vetch+rye. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nutrient applications were made at rates equivalent to approximately 0.9 kg of actual N per acre. Oilcake and hairyvetch treatments had the lowest C:N ratio, but compost had the highest C:N ratio of 34:1. Rice treated by organic nutrient sources had great growth and development at the beginning of the growing season but had depressed growth and yield at the harvest. Oilcake 2X-treated rice in early growing season, especially, showed better growth and development than rice treated by other nutrient sources but was severely lodged at the harvest season due to the typhoon. Compost treatment with high C:N ratio slowly released inorganic N and produced poor rice growth and yield; however, it recued rice lodging. N uptake was the greatest for the oilcake 2X and vetch+rye treatments but the lowest for the compost, which was the similar pattern to the N use efficiency; the greatest and lowest N use efficiency was observed for the oilcake 2X(55%) and compost (5%), respectively. CONCLUSION(s): Rice lodging should be prevented by reducing the excessive nitrogen supplement, resulting from the lower C:N ratio of the organic materials as well as prevented by the radical midsummer drainage. Vetch+rye treatment with 25:1 of C:N had optimum vegetative growth and reduced rice lodging, which increased N use efficiency and yield.

피복식물용 얼치기완두와 새완두의 생장에 미치는 파종조건과 질소공급량 추정

조정래(Jung Lai Cho),최현석(Hyun Sug Choi),이연(Youn Lee),김창석(Chang Seok Kim),이인용(In Yong Lee) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.1

나비나물속 주요 잡초인 얼치기완두와 새완두의 출현과 생장량 그리고 질소공급량에 대해서 파종깊이와 파종시기가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구명하기 위해서 2007년과 2008년에 수행되었다. 두 초종 모두 2005년 6월에 충청남도 당진군에서 채종되어 2년 이상 상온에서 보관한 후 사용하였다. 얼치기완두와 새완두에는 6월 하순 이후에 발생하여 유묘 상태로 월동한 후에 기온이 상승하는 4~5월에 크게 신장하여 5월에 개화하고 6월 중순 이후에 고사하였다. 새완두는 얼치기완두에 비해서 대체적으로 높은 출현율과 생육량을 나타내었다. 피복식물로 파종할 때의 적기는 8월 하순 ~ 9월 상순이고 파종심도는 1~5cm 이었다. 얼치기완두와 새완두의 생육성기 지상부의 질소공급량은 각각 43.8과 55.5kg ha-1으로 추정되었다. This study was established to investigate the effects of seeding depth and seeding time on the emergence, growth, and N production of Vicia tetrasperma and V. hirsuta in 2007 and 2008. All seeds of both species were gathered from Dangjin, Chungnam in late June of 2005 and stored for two year at room temperature. Both V. species began to germinate at the end of June, passed the winter with the seedling stage, rapidly increased their height in April and May, were in full bloom in May, and then withered after entering mid-June. V. hirsuta had higher emergence rate and growth compared to those of V. tetrasperma. The optimum seeding time and seeding depth for a cover cropping was from late August to early September and from 1 to 5 cm, respectively. V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta had a satisfactory growth and provided 43.8 and 55.4 kg ha-1of N, respectively.

고추재배 시 피복작물에 의한 피복율 변화와 잡초발생 양상

조정래(Jung-Lai Cho),최현석(Hyun-Sug Choi),이연(Youn Lee),이병모(Byung-Mo Lee),안난희(Nan-Hee An),박광래(Kwang-Lai Park),이지현(Ji-Hyun Lee) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.4

나비나물속 주요 잡초인 얼치기완두와 새완두를 이용하여 고추 피복재배 기술을 개발하기 위해서 2008년과 2009년에 수행되었다. 두 초종 모두 2006년 6월에 충청남도 당진군에서 채종되어 2년 이상 상온에서 보관하였다. 피복재배 시 주요 월동 잡초는 냉이이고 주요 하절기 잡초는 돌피, 바랭이, 닭의장풀 이었다. 월동 우점잡초 냉이는 고추의 생육과 수량에 영향이 거의 없었다. 얼치기완두와 새완두 피복재배로 고추재배후기까지 피복도가 유지되었고 잡초발생을 현저하게 억제 하였다. 이에 따라 피복재배에 의해 고추 수량은 무처리구와 비교해서 통계적으로 유의성 있게 높았고, 관행재배에 비해서는 비슷하게 나타났다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seeding of Vicia tetrasperma and V. hirsuta on the rate of ground cover as well as growth and yield of organic pepper plants in 2008 and 2009. All seeds of both species were gathered from Dangjin, Chungnam in late June of 2006 and stored for two year at room temperature. Capsella bursapastoris, Echinoloa crus-galli, Digitaria ciliaris, and Commelina communiswas were observed as main weeds during the winter and summer, respectively, at the field of V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta. C. bursapastoris did not affect growth and yield of pepper plants. Seeding of V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta maintained high percentage of ground cover later in the growing season of pepper plants and reduced significant amounts of weed in 2009. V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta, therefore, produced more pepper yield compared to that of control but similar yield to the conventional system (polyethylene film).

나비나물속 잡초의 분포, 생태 및 잡초발생 억제효과

조정래(Cho, Jung Lai),김창석(Chang Seok Kim),강충길(Chung Kil Kang),문병철(Byeong Chul Moon),박재읍(Jae Eup Park) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.1

나비나물속 월년생 잡초의 피복식물 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 주요 초종의 전국적인 분포와 생태를 조사하고 밭작물 재배 시의 잡초억제 효과를 시험하였다. 4초종 중에서 살갈퀴가 전국적으로 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었으며 이어 얼치기완두, 새완두 순이었다. 얼치기 완두와 새완두는 6월 하순 이후에 발생하여 유묘 상태로 월동한 후에 기온이 상승하는 4~5월에 크게 신장하였고 5월에 개화하고 6월 중순 이후에 고사하였다. 얼치기완두를 피복식물로 이용하여 고추를 이식재배한 결과, 정식 후 90일까지 88%의 잡초발생을 억제하였고, 생육과 수량도 관행이 흑색 비닐멀칭과 비슷하였다. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the distribution, ecological habits and weed suppressive ability of winter annuls, genus Vicia in Korea. Among the tested four Vicia species, the most distribution was found in V. angustifolia, followed by V. hirsuta and V. villosa, in that order. V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta emerged on the late July, over-wintered at early growth stage, showed rapid growth on April and May, bloomed on May, at last end in summer depression on June. When the soil was covered with V. tetrasperma in the red pepper field, weeding effect was by 88%, and yield was also similar to polyethylene mulching which is conventional method.

신규 유기농경지에서 지속적인 퇴비 및 녹비 공급방법에 따른 토양의 비옥도 변화 모니터링

옥정훈 ( Jung-hun Ok ),안난희 ( Nan-hee An ),이병모 ( Byung-mo Lee ),조정래 ( Jung-lai Cho ),신재훈 ( Jae-hoon Shin ),공민재 ( Min-jae Kong ),정정아 ( Jung-ah Jung ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-

Monitoring for soil fertility change according to continuous organic supply of organic compost and green manure in newly organic field was conducted in iseo-myeon, wanju-kun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, where is relocated for Rural Development Administration. Due to the newly reclaimed field, this experiment site soil was very low fertility and low physico-chemical properties. Several organic supply way for organic agricultural practices were applied organic compost such as compost and green manure during 3 years. The other way for conventional agricultural practice was applied chemical fertilizer, and control without fertilizer. The pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), C/N ratio, available phosphate (Av.P₂O₅), and exchange cation in soil were monitored continuously during 3 years. Soil fertility in organic compost treatment was improved compare to chemical fertilizer treatment and control. The concentration in organic compost treatment was increased continually and closed to the recommended rate of soil fertilizer (Fig 1).

소형 라이시미터를 활용한 유기자재에 따른 유기농 논물에서의 무기태질소 동태

옥정훈 ( Jung-hun Ok ),신재훈 ( Jae-hoon Shin ),조정래 ( Jung-lai Cho ),안난희 ( Nan-hee An ),남홍식 ( Hong-shik Nam ),정지희 ( Ji-hee Jeong ),정정아 ( Jung-ah Jung ),김석철 ( Seok-chol Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

Behavior of inorganic nitrogen in organic paddy field water depending on organic nutrient sources was monitored using mini-lysimeters. The mini-lysimeters were placed in National institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS). 36 undisturbed paddy field soil samples of 30 × 80 cm (diameter × height) was collected by special sampler and installed in mini-lysimeters. After stabilization of lysimeters, several input treatments of organic nutrient sources were applied, including compost, expeller cake and green manures of hairy vetch and rye. Each nutrient source as recommended by the standard amount of fertilizer for rice was supplied 2 weeks before rice transplanting. The water level was maintained 10 cm water depth, and water samples were collected periodically. The pH, specific electrical conductance (EC), and inorganic nitrogen concentration in paddy water was monitored during the experimental period. The average pH value in paddy water was ranged from 7.1 to 7.7. The average EC value in paddy water were ranged from 0.25 to 0.97, and showed to appear higher tend rye > compost > hairy vetch > expeller cake > chemical fertilizers > control. The change of inorganic nitrogen concentration in paddy water is shown in figure 1. The inorganic nitrogen concentrations quickly reached their highest within 26 days after organic nutrient application and decreased afterwards. The inorganic nitrogen concentration for expeller cake and green manure treatments were higher as compared to that for compost and chemical fertilizers treatments. The increasing and decreasing of inorganic nitrogen concentration showed different trends according to the processing of organic nutrient sources.