은 Ion 및 역상 HPLC 를 이용한 입체이성체적 (立體異性體的) 분석에 의한 은행종실유의 트리글리세리드의 분자종에 관한 연구

조용계,우효경,김훈숙 ( Yong Goe Joh,Hyo Kyeng Woo,Hoon Sook Kim ) 한국유화학회 1997 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Triacylglycerols of the seeds of Ginkgo biloba have been resolved by high-performace liquid chromatography(HPLC) in the silver-ion and revere-phase modes. The fatty acids were identified by a combination of capillary gas chromatography and gas-chromatograpy/mass spectrometry as the methyl and/or picolimyl ester. The main components are C_18:2ω6(39.0mol%), C_18:1ω7(asclepic acid21.5mol%), and C_18:1ω9(oleic acid, 13.8mol%). Considerable amounts of unusual acid such as C_20:3Δ^5,11,14(5.7mol%), C_18:2Δ^5,9(2.8mol%), and C_18:3Δ^5,9,12 (1.6mol%), were checked. In addition, anteiso-branched fatty acid, 14-methylhoxadccanoic acid, was also present as a minor compenent(0.9 mol%). The triacylglycerols were separated into 17 fractions by reverse-phase HPLC, and the fraction- ation was achieved according th the partition nummber(PN) in which a Δ^5-non methylene interrupted double bone(^5-NMDB) showed different behaviour from a from a methylene interrupted double bond in a mol- ecule with a given cahinlength. Silver-ion HPLC exhibited excellent resolution in which fractions(23 fractions) were resolved on the basis of the number and configuration of double bonds. In this instance, the strength of interaction of a ^5-NMDB system with silver ions seemed to be weaker than a methyl- ene interrupted double bond system. The principal triacylglycerol species are as follow : (C_18:2ω6)2 / C_18:1ω7, C_18:1ω9 / C_18:1ω7 / C_18:2ω6 (C_18:1ω7)_2 / C_18:2ω6, C_16:1ω7 / C_18:1ω9 / C_20:3 Δ^5,11,14, C_16:1ω7 / C_18:1ω7 / C_20:3Δ^5,11,14, C_18:1ω9 / C_18:1ω7 / C_18:2ω6, C_18:1ω9 / C_18:2Δ^5,9 / C_20:3Δ^5,11,14, (C_18:1ω7)2 / C_18: 2ω6 and (C_18:1ω9)2 / C_18:2ω6, while simple triacylglycerols without C_18:2ω6)3 were not present. Sterospecific analysis showed that fatty acids withΔ^5-NMDB system and saturated chains were predominantly Iocated at the site of sn-3 carbon of glycerol backbones. It is evident that there is asymmetry in the distribution of fatty acids in the TG molecules of Ginkgo nut oils.

해양세균을 이용한 EPA ( eicosapentaenoic acid ) 생성에 관한 연구

조용계,김성진,김지수,이민경 ( Yong Goe Joh,Seong Jin Kim,Ji Soo Kim,Min Kyeng Lee ) 한국유화학회 1995 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.12 No.2

This project has been worked out for isolation of EPA-producing bacteria from marine source of sea water, sea sediment and intestinal contents eviscerated from some red-music fish such as mackerel, horse-mackerel and spike fish. The samples were precultured on the media of PPES-Ⅱ glucose broth and then pure-cultured on Nutient agar and P-Y-M glucose. Lipids extracted from those bacterial mass collected by centrifugation were analysed in terms of lipid class and fatty acid composition. The results are resumed as follows : 1. 112 strains from sea water and 76 strains from sea sediment were tested for their EPA producing capability, but both strains of (SA-67 and SA-91) from the former and four strains(SS-35, 37, 51 and 71) from the latter have been proved to produce EPA above the level of 2% of total fatty acids. The strains such as GS-11, 29, 31, HM-9, 29, B-18, 33, 107, YL-129, 156, 203, 77, 104 and 256 which were isolated from fish intestinal contents, have also produced EPA at higher level than 2% of total fatty acids. 2. Contents of total lipids extracted from the cultures of these strains grown at 25℃, range from 2.8% to 6.9% (on dry weight %), and they are mainly composed of polar lipids(40.9~52.9%) such as phosphatidyl glycerol(^+cardiolipin)(?) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (33.8~40.0%), with smaller amount of free fatty acid (11.2~20.2%). 3. EPA was isolated from a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from the lipid of each strain by HPLC in silver-ion mode and was identified by GC-Mass spectrometry. 4. The strains of SW-91, GS-11, GS-29, HM-9, B-18 and YL-203 grown at 25℃ have a level of 5% EPA in their total fatty acids, and the GS-11 and HM-9 strains show al tendency of increase in the EPA level with an increase of growth temperature.

Lipid Composition of Roe, Muscle and Viscus of Liza Carinata, a Species of the Mugilidae Family

조용계,이경희,조연주,Joh, Yong-Goe,Lee, Kyeng-Hee,Cho, Yon-Joo Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1988 한국식품과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

등줄숭어의 알, 근육 및 내장 지질의 지질 조성과 각 지질 분획의 알콜 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 지질 함량은 알에 18.5%로 제일 많았고, 내장에는 8.5%, 근육에는 4.4%로 제일 적었다. 알의 지질 조성은 매우 특이하여 왁스 에스텔이 63.1%로 제일 많았으나, 트리글리세리드는 9.9%에 지나지 않았다. 이에 반하여 근육 지질의 경우는 트리글리세리드가 66.1%로 제일 많이 검출되었으나, 왁스 에스텔은 거의 존재하지 않았다. 내장 지질에도 왁스 에스텔이 32.8%나 검출되었다. 알콜 조성을 보면 세칠알콜(C16 : 0)이 알과 내장 왁스 에스텔의 중요한 성분으로 각각 53.0%, 61.7%였으며, 그 다음으로 주요한 알콜은 알의 경우는 올레알콜(C18 : 1), 팔미토올레알콜(C16 : 1) 및 스테아르알콜(C18 : 0)이, 내장의 경우는 펜타데카놀(C15 : 0), 스테아르알콜 이였다. 또 두 왁스 에스텔에는 C15 : 0, C15 : 1, C17 : 0, C17 : 1, C19 : 0 및 C19 : 1과 같은 기수 알콜도 상당량 함유되어 있었다. 알과 내장의 왁스 에스텔의 지방산 조성은 팔미토올레산, 올레산 및 ???l타데카모노엔산과 같은 모노엔산이(49.7-56.6%)로 제일 많았으며 아이코 사펜타엔산도 상당히 함유(12.2%, 10.1%)되어 있었다. 또 알의 트리글리세리드의 지방산 조성을 보면 고도 불포화지방산 함량(28.4%)은 근육, 내장의 그것보다(19.4%, 19.2%)보다 훨씬 높았으나, 스테아르산, 팔미트산과 같은 포화지방산 함량은 근육, 내장의 그것보다 약간 낮았다. 알의 인지질의 지방산 조성은 근육의 그것과 비슷하여 고도 불포화지방산이 약 50%로 내장의 34.2% 보다 훨씬 높았다. 근육에 있어서 유리지방산 조성이 인지질의 지방산 조성과 흡사한 것으로 보아, 이 유리지방산은 인지질의 가수분해물로 생각된다.. 젓갈의 pH도 숙성기간중 서서히 증가되었다.13{\sim}126Kcal/mol$로 감소하였으며, 동결속도 $-0.5^{\circ}C/min$하에서 동결에 필요한 최소 활성화에너지는 126Kcal/mol, 최대 활성화에너지는 270Kca1/mo1 이었다.$C_{22:6}$ 등이었다. 제품저장중 품질안정성에 대해 검토한 결과 진공포장함으로서 저장중 지질산패, 갈변 등 품질저하를 억제시킬 수 있었다.>가 20mM, $Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O$가 15mM 그리고 $NaHSO_3$가 25mM로 나타났다., 수원(水原)19호(號)와 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 linoleic acid가 가장 높게 나타났다. 8) 당지질(糖脂質)의 구성지질성분(構成脂質成分)은 MGS, MGC 그리고 MGDG를 함유(含有)하며, MGS와 MGC는 진주옥(晋州玉)에서 가장 높은 반면에, 횡성옥(橫城玉)과 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 가장 낮게 나타났다. 9) 총지질(脂質)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)은 oleic, palmitic, linoleic그리고 heptadecanoic acid가 주성분(主成分)을이루고, 진주옥(晋州玉)에서 oleic acid가 가장 높은 반면에 heptadecanoic acid는 가장 낮게 나타났고, 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 이와 반대(反對) 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 10) 순지질(燐脂質)의 구성지질성분(構成脂質成分)은 PI 및 PC를 함유(舍有)하며, 횡성옥(橫城玉)과 황옥(黃玉) 3호(號)에서 PI가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 11) 순지질(燐脂質)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)은 palmitic, heptadecanoic 그리고 oleic acid가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고, 횡성옥(橫城玉)에서 oleic acid가 가장 높은 반면에, heptadecanoic acid는 가장 낮게 나타났다..I. Total lipids from the roe, muscle and viscus of L. carinata were analyzed for lipid composition by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The roe lipids were characterized by a high level of wax esters (63.1%) and a low proportion of trigiycerides (9.9%). The viscus lipids also contained wax esters (32.8%) as its main component, followed by free fatty alcohols and acids (23.5%). On the other hand, the muscle lipids were found to contain a large amount of triglycerides (66.1%) with a trace of wax esters. The main fatty alcohol component of roe and viscus wax esters was C16:0 alcohol (53.0%; 61.7%), accompanied by C18:1 alcohol (10.2%) in the former and by C15:0 alcohol (8.8%) in the latter. Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty alcohols were found in both wax esters. On the other hand, the fatty acids of the roe and viscus wax esters contained a high percentage of monounsaturated (49.7%-56.6%) consisting of C16:1, C18:1 and C17:1 acid, and a significant amount of polyunsaturated (41.2%-32.9%), particularly C20:5${\omega}$3. The fatty acid components of triglycerides and phospholipids were different among the tissues tested, especially between roe and muscle or viscus. The fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids from the muscle and viscus were characterized by a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.0-34.3%) compared to those of triglycerides 'in the roe, muscle and viscus (28.4%, 19.4% and 19.2%).

순형과 (脣形科) 종실유의 (種實油) 지질분획별 (脂質分劃別) 지방산 조성에 관한 연구

조용계,이왕경,임영주 ( Yong Goe Joh,Ok Kyung Lee,Young Ju Lim ) 한국유화학회 1988 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Contents of total lipids, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids of seed oils of 16 species of the Labiatae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Lipid contents of seeds were shown to be 40.6% in Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica, 32.2% in P. frutescens britton var. acuta, 31.9% in lsodon japonicus, 32.7% in l. inflexus, 48.3% in l. serra, 35.1% in Mosls dianthera, 38.2% in M. punctulata, 33.4% in Nepeta cataria, 26.3% in Agastache rugosa, 30.9% in Elsholtzia ciliata, 18.9% in Salvia splendens, 23.9% in Lycopus maackianus, 49.5% in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum, 30.9% in Ametystea caerulea, 33.1% in Leonurus sibircus and 34.3% in Scutellaria basicalensis. 2) Contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids from the seed oils amounted to 98.6%, 0.7%, 0.8% in P. frutescens Britton var, japonica; 95.5%, 1.3%, 3.1% in P. frutescens Britton var. acuta; 95.1%, 1.8%, 3.1% in l. japoincus; 91.4%, 3.5%, 5.1% in l. inflexus; 96.8%, 0.7%, 2.5% in l, serra; 96.0%, 1.8%, 2.2% in Mosla dianthera; 94.7%, 2.0%, 3.3% in M. punctulata; 90.1%, 2.4%, 7.5% in Nepeta cataria; 90.1%, 3.4%, 6.5% in Agastache rugosa; 86.3%, 3.3%, 10.4% in Elsholtzia ciliata; 94.3%, 1.5%, 4.3% in Salvia splendens; 87.2%, 2.9%, 9.0% in Lycopus maackianus; 87.0%, 1.5%, 11.5% in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum; 91.8%, 1.6%, 6.6%; 95.5%, 0.4%, 4.1% in Leonurus sibricus; 89.0%, 1.4%, 9.6% in Scutellaria baicalensis. 3) Total lipids revealed the predominace of unsaturated fatty acids (82.0-94.5%) and larger variations were found in the composition of α-linolenic acid (0.4-67.9%) and linoleic acid (11.2-82.9%). High level of α-linoenic acid was present in P. frutescens Britton var. japonica (67.9%), P. frutescens Britton var, acuta (66.0%), lsodon japonicus (65.2%), l. inflexus (59.0%), l. serra (57.3%), Mosla dianthera (60.9%), Nepeta cataria (58.3%), Agastache rugosa (58.5%) and Elsholtzia ciliata (46.2%), and followed by linoleic acid (11.2-32.1%) and oleic acid (9.3-12.2%). However, linoleic acid was the most predominant component in the total lipids of Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum (62.4%), Ametystea caerules (82.9%), Leonurus sibricus (60.9%) and Scutellaria baicalensis (63.4%), with very small amounts of α-linolenic acid (0.4-3.1%). The total lipids of Salvia splendens, Lycopus maackianus and Mosla punctulata also contained linoleic acid of 31.3%, 48.8% and 53.4%, with a considerable amount of α-linolenic acid of 34.5% 27.0% and 16.7%. Palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid in all the oils investigated (4.1-14.2%). 4) Fatty acid profiles of neutral lipids bore a close resemblance to those of total lipids in all the seed oils, but different from those of glycolipids and phospholipids. Fatty acid composition pattern of glycolipids and phospholipids showed a considerably increased level of saturated fatty acids (19.0-66.8%, 17.8-35.2%) mainly composed of palmitic acid and stearic acid, and a noticeable low level of unsaturated fatty acids (41.2-80.9%, 64.7-82.1%) which was ascribed to the decrease in α-linolenic acid of high α-linolenic acid seed oils, and in linoleic acid of high linoleic seed oils, compared to that of total lipids and neutral lipids.

Similarities of Scaritoxin to Ciguatoxin on the Chromatographic Behaviours

Yong-Goe Joh(조용계),Paul J. Scheuer(피. 제이. 쇼이여) 한국식품과학회 1985 한국식품과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Nonrandom Combination of Fatty Acid and Alcohol Moieties in Wax Esters from Liza Carinata Roe

Yong-Goe Joh(조용계),Kyeong-Hee Lee(이경희),Yeon-Joo Cho(조연주) 한국식품과학회 1989 한국식품과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

榧子의 Desmethylsterol 組成 및 構造에 관한 硏究

趙鏞桂(Yong-Goe Joh),金景子(Kyeng-Ja Kim),朴貴善(Kui-Sun Bark),鄭泰明(Tae-Myoung Jeong) 한국식품과학회 1981 한국식품과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

알카리 및 酸觸媒法에 의한 conjugated triene 脂肪酸 殘基을 含有한 트리글리세리드의 메칠 에스틸化의 比較

조용계(Yong Goe Joh)(趙鏞桂) 한국유화학회 1995 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Conventional alkaline catalytic procedures including sodium methoxide-methanol N, N, N , N -tetramethyl guanidine-methanol, and acid-catalytic methods of BF₃-methanol and HCl-methanol, have been applied for preparing methyl esters from the triacylglycerols of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds containing conjugated trienoic acids. The alkaline catalytic methods produce the methyl esters quantitatively without isomerization of the conjugated trienoic acids, but the acid-catalytic ones destroy almost the molecules of conjugated trienoic acids during transesterification of the triacylglycerols although the molar ratios of monoenoic and dienoic acids (non-conjugated) to saturated acids are in good agreement with those obtained from the alkaline methods.

초호열성균이 생성하는 phospholipase A₂에 관한 연구

조용계(Yong Goe Joh),우효경(Hyo Kyeng Woo),김연심(Yeon Sim Kim) 한국유화학회 1999 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.16 No.3

We checked the presence of phospholipase A₂(PLA)₂ which could split the ester bond at the position 2 in the glycerol backbone of glycerophospholipids, in the cells of hyperthermophiles of Pyrococcus horikoshii and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The results obtained are as follows; ①. Pyrococcus horikoshii cells were grown in obligate anaerobic conditions at 95℃ and they needed sulfur as energy source instead of oxygen, while Sulfolobus acidocaldarius species grew well in the aerobic medium (pH 2.5) containing yeast and sucrose at 75℃. ②. Pyrococcus horikoshii cells produced phospholipase A2 in the cell culture media although this species did not show lipase activity at least in the pH range of 1.5 ~ 3.5. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius cells produced lipase hydrolyzing triacylglycerols such as triolein, but did not split any kind of phospholipids used as substates. ③. The compound of 1-decanoyl-2-(p-nitrophenylglutaryl) phosphatidylcholine was not suitable for a substrate in this experiment, though frequently used as a subtrate for checking presence of phospholipase A₂, for its decomposi-tion in this experiment. The L-α-phosphatidylcholine-β-[N-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol]aminohexanoyl-γ-hexadecanoyl labelled with a fluorescent material, did not show any migration of acyl chains in the molecule during the reaction with phospholipase A₂ under a hot condition. ④. Phospholipase A₂ in the cells of Pyrococcus horikoshii, showed the optimum activity at pH6.7~7.2 and 95~105℃, respectively, and was activated by addition of calcium chloride solution. Andthe phospholipase A₂ specifically hydrolyzed glycero-phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol, but could not split phospholipid containing ether bonds in the molecule such as DL -α-phosphatidylcholine-β-palmitoyl-γ-O-hexadecyl, DL-α-phosphati- dylcholine-β- oleoyl-γ-O-hexadecyl, DL-phosphatidylcholine-dihexadecyl.

동물성 수산식품 중의 Sterol 조성과 Cholesterol Δ7-dehydrogenase 의 존재에 관한 연구

김성진,조용계 ( Seong Jin Kim,Yong Goe Joh ) 한국유화학회 1993 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.10 No.2