변산반도 (邊山半島) 국립공원의 식물플랑크톤의 계절적 변화에 대하여

정연태,김백호,최문규,위인선 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Baik Ho Kim,Min Kyu Choi,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1991 생태와 환경 Vol.24 No.4

A survey of phytoplankton community was carried out seasonally from July, 1990 to April, 1991 at Pyonsanbando National Park, Chollabuk-do, Korea. The authors collected 143 taxa consisting of 5 phylum, 12 orders, 4 suborders, 53 genera, 117 species, 24 varieties and 2 form. During this study, dominant species were Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cosmarium furcatospermum. Dominance indices were ranged from 0.19∼0.57, Shannon-Wiener`s species diversity index (H`) and Similarity index were 0.77∼2.52 and 0.13∼0.58, respectively. And also, some species- Microctstis aeruginosa, Ceratium hirundinella, Peridinium cinctum and Dinobryon divergens, D. cylindricum which were associated with the water bloom and eutrophication were collected.

수질오염 판정을 위한 기법 개발 (1) 부착조류 군체화에 미치는 기질특이성 연구

정연태,최민규,김백호,위인선,이종빈 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,In Sun Wui,Jong Bin Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 1996 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.14 No.1

To elucidate the specificity of algal immigration with habitual characteristics, physicochemical factors and relative immigration activities of species were examined at four sites in the two branchs; Kosan and Soyang streams of the Mankyeong River system during autumn in 1995. The content of ash-free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a(chl.a) were highly dependent with current, and were more high in control group than those of any other group. In artificial substrate groups, they were decreased following surface-coarsity of substrates(CT>SG>CT). One hundred seven taxa were classified, and bacillariophyceae and chlorophyceae in number of species were 82 percentage. In algal biomass, bacillariophyceae were totally 87%, Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia palea, Gomphonema parvulum, Synedra ulna and Fragilaria construens were dominated. Others, Cosmarium furcatospermum, Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Golenkinia radiata in chlorophyceae and Oscillatoria terebriformis in cyanophyceae were also occurred. In the relative immigration activities(RIAs), G. parvulum was high as 10.3%, closed to 7.0% in two Monoraphid and one Gentries such as A. minutissima, C. placentula and Cyclotella meneghiniana, and below 1.6%, Synedra ulna and Fragilaria construens in Araphids. In general, RIAs of control groups were similar with those of AFDM and chl. a. And the values of RIAs in experimental groups were increased with ascending of surfacecoarsity of substrate (CT>SG>ST). On the other hand, some of them were independent with substrates. Durng incubations, periphytic algal succession were not evident, but abundant diatom were maintained. However, later there were some immigrations in non-diatomic algae such as Cosmarium furcatospermum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Merismopedia glauca. Therefore, although there were some problems that overestimated or evaluated the relative saprobity to different water system using only current velocity and surface-coarsity of substrate, we conclude that the relative immigration activities of species were to play a role as a indications in comparing of different water system.

만경강 하계의 담수조류군집에 대한 생태학적 연구

정연태,최민규,김백호,위인선 ( Yeun Tai Chung,Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.4

Mankyeong River system is the main stream of Chollabuk-do province, flowing across Chonju and Iri-City in the western district of Korea. The authors were investigated the freshwater algal community and its several environmental factors on summer, 1991. The environmental factors were air temperature(23.0-34.0˚C ), water temperature(22. 6-28.5˚C), pH(6.72-8.07,), dissolved oxygen (0.67-7.9mg/l), biological oxygen demand (0.82-18.27mg/l), salinity (0-0.5%) and electric conductivity(59-950 umohs/cm), respectively. The freshwater algae 214 taxa were classified and composed of 5 classes, 11 orders, 5 suborders, 22 families, 7 subfamilies, 68 genera, 181 species, 27 varities and 8 forma, and totally, 2.938 ×10^7cells/l were counted. In classification and relative abundances, 97 taxa(45.33%) of Chlorophyceae and 1.918×10^7cells/l (65.2%) of Bacillariophyceae were maximal, respectively. Totally, Synedra ulna is the dominant species, other main species are Melosira varians, Nitzschia palea, Cymbella tumida during this study. Biotic indices were dominances(0.192-0.403), H`values(0.78-2.23), eveners(0.46-1.39), similarities (0.135-0.536), pollution indices (1.2-2.4), pollution tolerance scores (0-4 degree). From above results, it suggests that the saprobity of the mankyung river and its tributaries were ranged from β-mesosaprobic to polysaprobic. And also, Synedra ulna was common species and 6 taxa including Cymbella tumida, Nitzschia palea and Melosira varians were regarded as the pollution indicators.

배양 척수운동신경세포에 Vitamin E가 메틸수은에 의해 유도된 신경독성에 미치는 영향

정연태(CHUNG Yeun Tai),박승택(PARK Seung Taeck) 대한체질인류학회 1996 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.9 No.1

간추림. 배양 생쥐 척수운동신경세포에 methylmercury (MM)가 이치는 신경독성효과를 규명하기 위하여 척수운동신경 세포주인 NSC-19 신경세포를 methylmercuric chlonde (MMC)가 들어있는 배양액에서 24시간 동안 노출시킨 다음, 이에 대한 독성효과를 MTT 분석법으로 조사하였으며, 또한 MMC에 의해 유발된 독성효과에 대한 vitamin E의 신경방어효과를 MTT 분석법과 neurofilament enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) 법으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. MMC 의 MTT50 값은 20㎛로 나타났다. 2. MMC 는 시간과 농도에 비례하여 배양 척수운동신경세포의 생존율을 현저히 감소시킴으로써 심한 독성효과를 나타냈다. 3. MMC 는 배양 척수운동신경세포의 숫적감소 및 신경돌기의 소설을 초래하였다. 4. Vitamin E 는 250㎛농도에서 MMC 의 독성으로부터 배양 척수운동신경세포의 생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과후 부터 MMC는 배양 생쥐 척수 운동신경세포에 옥성을 나타냈으며, vitamin E 와 같은 선택적인 항산화제가 MMC에 의해 유발된 신경옥성을 방어하는데 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

PC12 세포에서 신경전달물질 방출을 저해하는 저분자 생리활성물질 FS390의 탐색

정연태(Yeun-Tai Chung),김희정(Hee-Jung Kim),이윤식(Yun-Sik Lee) 대한해부학회 2006 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.39 No.2

In vitro실험계에서 tritium-label된 norepinephrine ([3H]-NE)을 PC12세포에 incorporation시킨 후에 60mM의 고농도의 K+의 자극에 의해서 탈분극 후에 세포 외로 방출되는 [3H]-NE의 양을 scintillation countering하여 정량하는 독특한 실험계를 수립하였다. 이 조절성 분비 실험계에서, 미생물대사 산물로부터 신경전달물질의 방출에 영향을 미치는 생리활성물질을 탐색하기 위하여, 곰팡이, 방선균과 박테리아의 대사산물 1만 1,000여 샘플을 탐색한 결과, PC12세포에서 고농도의 K+의 자극에 의해서 탈분극 후에 유도되는 [3H]-NE의 방출을 효과적으로 저해하는 FS390을 방선균 유래의 대사산물로부터 얻었다. PC12세포와 rat cortical neurons에서 FS390은 고농도의 K+의 자극에 의한 탈분극 후에 유도되는 신경전달물질로서 ATP의 방출에도 유의한 저해 효과를 나타냈다. PC12세포에서 저해 효과는 ionopore로 알려진 ionomycin (1 μM)을 포함하는 저농도의 K+의 완충액을 처리하였을 때에도 보여졌다. 이들 결과로부터 FS390의 신경전달 물질의 방출에 대한 저해작용은 세포내 Ca2+ 유입 이후의 반응으로 추정되며 이 신경전달물질의 방출기구에 대한 해석을 위하여 FS390물질에 대한 정제 및 구조해석을 시도하였다. We established an in vitro experimental system using the following procedure. We first introduced tritium-labeled norepinephrine ([3H]-NE) into PC12 cells. The [3H]-NE incorporated-PC12 cells were stimulated by a high concentration (60 mM) of K+ buffer during 12 minutes. Then, we collected 100 μL supernatant and counted the amount of [3H]-NE release from PC12 cells with a scintillation counter. After screening fungal, Streptomyces spp. or bacterial product using this experimental sytem, we obtained FS390 from Streptomyces spp. which inhibited [3H]-NE release from PC12 cells. FS390 also inhibits the release of ATP as a neurotransmitter of PC12 cells and rat cortical neurons. The inhibitory effect was seen even when the PC12 cells were treated with low K+ buffer containing ionomycin (1 μM) as an ionopore. This result suggests that the inhibitory action of FS390 on neurotransmitter release appeared after the influx of Ca2+.

주암호의 식물플랑크톤의 출현과 동태

최민규,김백호,정연태,위인선 ( Min Kyu Choi,Baik Ho Kim,Yeun Tai Chung,In Sun Wui ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.1

A short-term survey was carried out to understand the species composition and standing biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Chuam, where severe the eutrophication have took place on summer, 1992. Totally 130 taxa of phytoplankton were collected and consisted of 6 classes, 10 orders, 7 suborders, 23 families, 55genera, 116 species, 13 varieties and 1 forma. Phytoplankton compositions in each class were divided in 57 taxa of Chlorophyceae (43.8%), 44 taxa of Bacillariophyceae (33.9%), 20 taxa of Cyanophyceae (15.4%), 6 taxa of Euglenophyceae (4.6%), 2 taxa of Dinophyceae and 1 taxa of Chrysophyceae. The composition of species and standing biomass was reached to maximum, 72.31% and 42.67% at Site 3, respectively. Dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa (51.65%), Melosira granulata (4.96%). The next major phytoplankton except these two species were ceratium hirundinella, Eudorina elegans, Anabaena flos-aquae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Coelastrum microporum, Coelasphaerium kuetzingianum, and staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes. These groups were 73.1% of total biomass. And also, species diversity was high at Site 3 throughout the sampling times. Coelastrum-Coelasphaerium-Eudorina-Staurastrum assemblages were much distributed in centering of Site 3, the upper part of lake, inflowed sufficient nutrient from many tributaries. Especially, the high frequency (2.7% of totals) of Staurastrum paradoxum var. longipes was very interesting and new to Korea. In physicochemical factors, suspended solids, electric conductivity and chlorophyll a were reached the maximum, 34.5mg/l, 103μhmos/Cm, 6.7mg/m^3 only at Site 3 in June, closely associated with green algal assemblages. But other data were not showed any relationship between biological and physical conditions of phytoplankton community. The above mentioned results indicate that Lake Chuam has a wide range from eutrophic to oligotrophic state according to Hutchinson(1967), and divided into two regions, Site 1,2 and Site 3 in a view of phytoplankton distribution and biomass and its environmental condition. We conclude that Site 3 was in situation of considerable organic pollution.

A STUDY ON THE CYTOTOXICITY OF CYTOSINE ARABINOSIDE AND VINBLASTINE ON CULTURED MOUSE FIBROBLASTS

김재민,김기원,정연태,Kim, Jae-Min,Kim, Ki-Won,Chung, Yeun-Tai The Korean Society of Toxicology Korea Environment 1990 Toxicological Research Vol.6 No.1

Cytotoxic effects of cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine on cultured fibroblasts were determined by colorimetric assays of neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT, and by mutagenicity tests <micronuclei test, cytogenetic study and sister chromatid exchange (SCE)>. Cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine were highly toxic by showing that concentrations of NR-50 and MTT-50 of two drugs were lower than 100 ${\mu}$M. At mid-point cytotoxicityvalue of two drugs, frequencies of micronuclei and SCEs were very high and chromosome showed structural abnormalities. The sizes of micronuclei formed by vinblastine were larger than those induced by cytosine arabinoside. These results suggest that cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine have highy mutagenic and severe cytotoxic effects on the cultured mouse fibroblasts.

온천 배수 유입에 따른 소형 하천의 생태계 변화와 회복에 관한 연구 - 소형 하천에서 온천 배수가 부착조류 군집에 미치는 영향

최민규(Min Kyu Choi),정연태(Yeun Tai Chung),길봉섭(Bong Seop Kil),김미연(Mi Youn Kim),문연자(Yeun Ja Mun) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.3

To study the influences of thermal effluents flowing from hot spring on epilithic algal community, seasonal survey was carried out at stream and its watersheds from Seokjeong hot spring in Chollabuk-Do, Korea. Totally 7 points were divided into three regions for sampling of water and epilithic algae, such as the direct effected, uneffected and the mixed region, respectively. At the discharging points of effluents, a dark-green cyanobacterial mat were remarkably constructed, mainly by two cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria and Phormidium. The mat formation were more obvious at low temperature than any other season, and even result in disappear with downstream and season. Totally, one hundred and fifty-three taxa of epilithic algae were classified with 15 unidentified species. Among the, diatoms occupied 58% of total species, whereas cyanobacteria was 67% of total biomass, comparatively. In terms of stream direction, relative abundance of cyanobacteria was only limited in the upstream in cold season, and result in this pattern disappeared with season change. Although all physicochemical variables at the discharging points, was very high, compare to other points, they were quickly decreased downstream. Among them, some heavy metals were not detected or below the detection levels at downstream. Nitrate nitrogen increased with downstream, as well as phosphorus and sulfate have a similar trend throughout, while ammonia quickly decreased in the initial period of discharging effluents. This suggest that although the thermal effluent with high temperature and organic compounds could polluted the small study stream, various contributions such as flowing water, intake of uneffected streawater and collaboration of cyanobacterial mat and steam bottom gradually induces a stable water system. [Thermal effluents, Epilithic algal community, Chemicals, Correlation].

Fine Structure of Blue-green Algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing

최민규,김백호,문연자,정연태,이종빈,위인선,Choi, Min-Kyu,Kim, Baik-Ho,Mun, Yeun-Ja,Chung, Yeun-Tai,Lee, Jong-Bin,Wui, In-Sun Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.4

In order to understand the morphological differences between two different organic loadings by its upstream, and to compare with other algal groups with references, the fine structure of blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa Kitzing, taken from two branches, Tongbok and Bosung stream of Lake Chuam, Korea pennisula was examined. It showed extinct differences in most physicochemical factors between both branches, except water temperature and pH values. The concentrations of total phosphorus in Tongbok branch were twice as those of Bosung. M. aeruginosa cells were enumerated totally $1.2X10^4cells/ml$ and these individuals in branch of Tongbok were close to two times as much as Bosung. In light and electron microscopy, natural M. aeruginosa colonies formed irregular shape and non-directional array in amorphous matrix. They were consisted of many kinds of cells, youngs or olds in cell division, solitary, and various size of cells. Each cell ranged from 2.61 to $5.40{\mu}m$ in diameter, and averaged as $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$. In cytoplasm, they contained a number of inclusions in various size, shape and appearances. Among them, polyhedral bodies or carboxysomes, a structured granules, photosynthetic lamellae or thylakoids, and gas vacuoles were prominent and easy to recognize. Although it was failed to find the definable morphological variations in the ultrastructure of M. aeruginosa in terms of algal habitual environments, some useful characters were founded, outer layer of cell wall, polyhedral bodies and gas vacuoles, in blue-green algal classification and taxonomy. 주암호의 유입하천중 이화학적 조건이 서로 다른 보성천과 동복천에서 채집된 남조 Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing의 미세구조에 대한 형태학적 관찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수온과 pH를 제외한 다른 환경요인들은 두지점간에 큰 차이를 보였다. M. aeruginosa의 광학 및 전자현미경적 관찰 결과, 세포는 부정형 군체를 형성하며, 투명한 점액질로 싸여 있었다. 세포는 난형 또는 구형에 가깝고, 크기는 $2.61{\sim}5.40{\mu}m$의 범위로서, 평균 $3.54{\pm}0.19{\mu}m$였다. 세포질내에는 많은 다양한 구조물을 가지고 있으며, polyhedral bodies(carboxysomes), polyphosphate, cyanophycin granules 외에 photosynthetic lamellae와 gas vacuoles 등이 비교적 뚜렷하였다. 두 채집장소간의 형태학적 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 영양염류 수준이 높은 표본에서 polyphosphate와 cyanophycin granules이 숫적 증가를 보였다. 세포분열은 이분법으로 초기에 정중앙부의 좌우로부터 합입이 일어났으며, 주로 세포벽의 제1층과 제2층이 관여하였다. 세포벽의 외부층은 크게 두가지 형태의 filaments층이 잘 발달되어 있었다.

Oxidative stress에 손상된 배양 척수운동신경세포에 대한 midkine(MK)의 영향

박승택(PARK Seung Taeck),정연태(CHUNG Yeun Tai) 대한체질인류학회 1996 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.9 No.1

간추림. 신경성장인자인 Midkine (MK)이 glucose oxidase (GO)로 부터 생성된 산소자유기에 의하여 저해된 배양 생쥐 척수운동신경세포에 미치는 영향을 MTT assay 와 neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA)에 의하여 조사한 결과 다음과 강은 결론을 얻었다. 1. MK는 농도에 비례하여 GO로부터 생성된 산소자유기에 의하여 저해된 운동신경세포의 숫적 생존을 증가와 신경돌기의 성장을 증진시켰다. 2. GO 의 MTT50 값은 25mU/ml 로 나타났다. 3. GO 로 부터 생성된 산소자유기는 시간과 농도에 비예하여 배양 척수운동신경세포에 독성을 나타냈다. 4. GO 에 의하여 형성된 산소자유기는 생쥐의 배양 척수운동신경세포의 숫적 감소와 신경돌기의 소성과 강은 퇴화적 변화를 초래하였다. 이상의 결과로 부터 산소자유기는 생쥐의 배양 척수운동신경세포에 독성을 나타냈으며, MK와 같은 선택적인 신경성장 인자가 산소자유기에 의해서 저해된 척수 운동신경세포의 생존율을 증진시켰다.