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국내 작업환경측정기관의 측정 및 분석장비 보유실태에 대한 고찰 (2)
장재길 ( Jae Kil Jang ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the current status of possession of measurement and analytical instruments at work environment monitoring organizations and their relationships with human resources, including the number of professional engineers and evaluation scores resulting from evaluation programs in 2012. Materials: Data for measurement and analytical instruments were gathered by inspectors who had been assigned by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL) during the evaluation program for 2012. Data for 11 monitoring instruments and nice pieces of analytical equipment were collected from 103 organizations. Additional data such as the type of service provides and the number of professional engineers employed were also recorded by the inspectors. Evaluation scores could be acquired from KOSHA. Results: Comprehensive Occupational Health Service Providers showed good operation quality, while University or Hospital Subsidiary and Work Environment Monitoring Organizations recorded relatively poor results. Evaluation scores correlated well with the possession of measurement instruments and human resources for each organization. High yields provided by professional engineers also showed statistically-associated contributions to evaluation scores and monitoring instrument possession. Compared with monitoring instruments, the amount of analytical equipment had little positive impact on organizations`` competence. Conclusions: The evaluation results for domestic monitoring organizations revealed that human resources, possession of instruments, and the quality of employees were critical factors for operating the corporations. Each organization should give considerable effort to improving their ability to strengtheninternal quality, resulting in high-yield production for workers and employers by providing improved workplace monitoring services.
폴리우레탄 패드 공정에서의 원료물질 대체에 따른 근로자 노출저감 사례
장재길 ( Jae Kil Jang ),박현희 ( ?hyun Hee Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Objectives: The aim of this case study is to verify the chemical exposure reductions for various chemicals by substituting the ingredients of raw materials in a polyurethane(PU) foaming industry. The PU foaming process was making various passenger car seats from chemicals such as toluene diisocinate(TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate(MDI) and polyols. Methods: Basic process data and workers`` health effects could be gathered by interviewing managers and reviewing previous exposure monitoring data. Amine, aldehyde and isocyanate chemicals were analyzed following the NIOSH-NMAM. Area sampling methods rather than personal sampling were introduced for this field investigation. Results: Two amines, triethylene diamine(TEDA) and N,N,N``,N``-Tetramethyl-1,6- hexanediamine(TMHDA) were identified in raw polyol, cured PU foam and air. The average concentrations of TEDA and TMHDA showd less than 1 ppm by area sampling; however, that caused halovision among workers in PU-PAD process. Aldehydes and isocyanates were detected in the air while the concentrations were relatively low compare to occupational exposure limits. Successful raw material substitution from nonreactive amine to reactive amine could reduces air-borne amine and aldehyde levels by about 70%. Halovision had been disappeared successfully in the process. Conclusions: Several amines caused halovision among workers in PU-PAD process, especially during summer season in spite of relatively low levels. Combination of reactive amines into urethane foam could reduced vapor generation into air, which resulted in the elimination of eye troubles in the process.
Multiplex PCR을 이용한 Mycobacterium bovis와 Mycobacterium tuberculosis의 동정
장영부 ( Young Boo Jang ),김재명 ( Jae Myung Kim ),최재영 ( Jae Yeong Choe ),이햇님 ( Haet Nim Lee ),정석찬 ( Suk Chan Jung ),박영길 ( Young Kil Park ),구복경 ( Bok Kyung Ku ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2011 예방수의학회지 Vol.35 No.4
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant disease for both humans and animals worldwide. The genus Mycobacterium includes several species that cause TB disease in humans and other animals. Amongst the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), M. tuberculosis is mainly a human pathogen, whereas M. bovis has a broad host range and is the principal agent responsible for TB in domestic and wild mammals. M. bovis also infects humans, causing zoonotic TB through ingestion, inhalation. M. bovis accounts for only a small percentage of the reported cases of TB in humans. In recent years, TB in farmed deer has become a disease as public health importance in several countries. Nowadays, there has been rapid outbreak of bovine TB in cattle and deer in Korea. Investigations are needed to elucidate the relative importance of M. bovis on TB incidence in humans, especially in Korea where bovine TB remains a problem. Also, the human sources as the cause of animal infection, M. tuberculosis from the farm workers also important for TB control of animals in Korea. Differentiation between the causative organisms may only be achieved by sophisticated laboratory methods involving bacteriological characteristics, biochemical properties, and routine resistance to pyrazinamide (PZA). M. bovis shows inherently resistant to PZA whereas M. tuberculosis is susceptible to PZA. In this study, we developed a multiplex-PCR assay based on a 12.7-kb fragment for the differential detection of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. A total of 131 M. tuberculosis complex isolates were randomly obtained from cattle and deers that were PPD positive. they all yielded M. bovis. M. tuberculosis was not isolated from animals. and, a total of 25 M. tuberculosis complex isolates which is resistant to PZA were obtained from patient. PZA resistant MTC in humans was caused entirely by M. tuberculosis. The multiplex-PCR protocol was highly species-specific and time saving for identification of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. This multiplex-PCR assay will be easily used as a routine monitoring tool in veterinary and medical laboratories.
장재길(Jae-Kil Jang),박현희(Hyunhee Park) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11
The numbers and investment of renewable energy industries have been expanding rapidly during past several years by more than 20%. The industries utilizes mainly solar energy, wind energy and biomass for the green jobs. Especially, hazards in solar energy industries include, but not restricted to, silicon, silane compounds, acid and base mists, boron and phosphorous chemicals, metals such as silver, tin, lead, and aluminum. Noise, organic solvents, metal fumes and urethane could be other types of possible exposure agents. The aims of this study is to characterize the workers" possible exposure to hazardous substances in each processes of renewable energy industries and to summarize their physical, chemical and occupational exposure levels in the industries.
결정질 실리콘 기반 태양광산업에서의 근로자노출 가능 유해인자
장재길(Jae-Kil Jang),박현희(Hyun hee Park) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.33 No.5
Renewable energy industries, including sola cell plants, has been ever increasing ones for reducing fossil fuel consumption and strengthening national energy policy. In this paper we tried to identify occupational health hazards in solar cell-related industries operated in Korea. Poly silicon, silicon ingot and wafer, solar cell and module are major processes for producing solar cells. Poly silicon operations may cause hazards to workers from metal silicon, silanes, silicon, hydro fluoric acid and nitric acid. Solar cells could not be constructed without using metals such as aluminum and silver, acids such as hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, bases such has sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and solvent and phosphorus chloride oxide. Workers in module assembly process may exposed to isopropanol, flux, solders that contain lead, tin and/or copper. To prevent occupational exposure to these hazards, it is essential to identify the hazards in each process and educate workers in industries with proper engineering and administrative control measures.
장재길(Jae-Kil Jang),박현희(Hyunhee Park) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4
Renewable energy has been ever increasing industries in this century for reducing fossil fuel consumption and strengthening self-sustained national energy policy in the world. Solar cell industries are key industrial sectors in renewable energy. Recent occupational health episodes in semi-conductors make people concern about health problems in hi-tech industries; however, little information could be accessible for worker. In this paper we tried to identify occupational health hazards in solar cell-related industries operated domestically in Korea. Poly silicon, silicon ingot and wafer, solar cell and module are major processes for producing solar cells. Poly silicon operations may cause hazards to workers from metal silicon, silanes, silicon, hydro fluoric acid, nitric acid. Silicon may cause occupational risks in silicon wafer and ingot industries. Solar cells could not be constructed without using metals such as aluminum and silver, acids such as hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and solvent and phosphorus chloride oxide . Workers in module assembly process may exposed to isoprophanol, flux, solders that contain lead, tin and/or copper. To prevent occupational exposure to these hazards, it is essential to identify the hazards in each process and educate workers in industries with proper engineering and administrative control measures. Only centering on the materials production could not be justified for the human life without preventing occupational diseases from the hazards in domestic solar cell-related industries.