중학교 학교군 및 중학구 설정을 위한 조사 연구 -광주광역시 중학교를 중심으로-

이화룡,하봉운,동재욱,Lee, Hwa-Ryoung,Ha, Bong-Woon,Dong, Jae-Wook 한국교육시설학회 2011 敎育施設 Vol.18 No.3

This study aims at proposing some reform measures for the middle school grouping system in Gwangju Metropolitan City, which is divided 86 middle schools into 10 clusters and 3 school districts. In doing so, it analyzes the present status of educational environment and student walking distance in each school district such as the number of student per teacher, the student density, the school size and the gender ratio in class. And it conducts a survey of 5,363 middle school students, 3,966 parents and 1,007 teachers, also evaluates their satisfaction levels and needs with the student allocation system. As the result of the survey and data analysis, it finds out some problems in some school districts which are gender imbalance in class, the preference for private middle schools and inconvenience in commuting to school. To solve these problems, the study suggests the better alternatives to replace the current system. Firstly, to set up the basic fundamental principles detailed in 3 action plan, which emphasize the adherence to a close-range allocation, the appropriate size of school and class, and the equalization of educational environment. Secondly, to establish the information system for managing the school district in order to be more objective and transparent. Finally, it gives a concrete proposal which divides the 10th school grouping system into the 11th. The result would be expected to ease the gender imbalance and the concentration of private middle schools, to improve the student walking condition to school.

도시지역의 통합운영학교 유형과 건축계획 연구

이화룡,동재욱,김홍민,박민근,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Dong, Jae-Wook,Kim, Hong-Min,Park, Min-Gun 한국교육시설학회 2018 敎育施設 Vol.25 No.4

In recent years, schools in the urban areas are also showing their interest in the integrated school and considering adapting the actual operation method. That is why decline of the school-age population is not limited to rural areas any more, and decreasing number of students in urban schools is raised as a social issue to reconsider the continuation of schools. To solve the problems of the small-scale schools in the urban area, the integrated school is being considered as an alternative. Furthermore, the newly built schools in the urban development areas are also planned as the integrated school. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the cases of integrated schools in urban area of developed countries and to analyze their architectural planning considerations in practice.

소규모학교 통폐합에 따른 통합초등학교의 공간구성 및 폐교 활용에 관한 연구

이화룡,류춘근,오세희,박소영,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Rhew, Choon-Geun,Oh, Se-Hee,Park, So-Young 한국교육시설학회 2012 敎育施設 Vol.19 No.3

According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests the effective space planning methods for unified school and appropriate utilization alternatives for closed school following after the merger and abolition of small rural schools. In doing so, it explores the present models of merger and abolition through analysis of all sort of actual condition and the possibilities for various utilizations of the abolished schools. It proposes a classroom-operation type fused the comprehensive class and departmental class system for merged primary schools in rural area. It also suggests the re-use methods of closed school facilities for students and community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger and abolition of small schools, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents' participation and selection.

기숙형중학교 설립에 따른 교육적 성과와 지역사회 영향관계 분석 연구 - 충청북도 속리산중학교 사례를 중심으로 -

이화룡,동재욱,조창희,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Dong, Jae-Uk,Cho, Chang-Hee 한국교육시설학회 2014 敎育施設 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study is to propose a framework to analyse the educational effects and outcome of the boarding middle school established following the merger and abolition of small schools in rural area. According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests 1)educational effects and outcome, 2)changes and benefits of student's living conditions, 3)social effects to local community, and 4)economical efficiency analysis as a new framework to evaluate the validity of establishing a school. It sets up a hypothesis that the students, parents and community satisfy the boarding school in rural area, a school record be improved and the abolition of schools have little effect on community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger of small schools and the boarding middle school, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents' participation and selection.

도시내 미활용 학교부지의 효율적 활용에 관한 연구 - 인천광역시 초등학교를 중심으로 -

이화룡,조창희,하봉운,동재욱,김현호,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Cho, Chang-Hee,Ha, Bong-Woon,Dong, Jae-Wook,Kim, Hyun-Ho 한국교육시설학회 2012 敎育施設 Vol.19 No.4

In recent years, the change of urban function and the decrease in birth rate have given rise to merge, abolition and relocation of the existing schools. This study explores the possibilities for various land utilizations of disused school sites, using the trial case of 'M' elementary school at Bu-pyung Gu in Incheon Metropolitan City. 'M' elementary school has recently happened to need no more land to build another school because of decreasing the number of students. Firstly, it studies the land reuse theories in city, the development methodologies of disused sites and the legalistic and political authority and limits. It analyzes the urban spacial values and roles, such as the educational roles, spacial functions and development values of the land. In addition, this study make a questionnaire of local residents to converge the public opinions on the utilization of disused school site. Finally, it proposes the principal direction for the effective appropriation and an alternative for exploitation of school site targeting disused school site of 'M' elementary school.

농어촌소규모학교 통폐합에 따른 충북지역 기숙형중학교 사용자 만족도 조사 연구

이화룡,조창희,김진구,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Cho, Chang-Hee,Kim, Jin-Gu 한국교육시설학회 2013 敎育施設 Vol.20 No.6

According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population, many schools in rural area have brought about the r decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, small schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of small schools are inevitable for change of placement standard to school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study researches the user's satisfaction at the boarding middle school following the merge and abolition of small schools in rural area. Finally, it reports the results of satisfaction research: the users are generally satisfied with education and student school life in the unified dormitory school.

국립대학 공간 활용과 관리에 관한 조사연구

이화룡,조창희,류수훈,김태형,류춘근,서붕교,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Cho, Chang-Hee,Ryu, Soo-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Ryew, Choon-Geun,Seo, Boong-Kyo 한국교육시설학회 2014 敎育施設 Vol.21 No.3

A study of facility securement and space utilization at national universities in Korea was conducted in order to help develop an efficient model for space management at national universities going forward. For the study, 36 national universities were asked to submit answers to a questionnaire on usage of campus facilities in 2013. We then analyzed the results of space management for the 27 universities that participated in the questionnaire in each of the past three years (2011-2013). Lastly, we conducted an awareness test on the space utilization policies and space management for these universities. The results are as follows. First, the aggregate average score for space utilization over the past three years is 74.06. The annual average score increased year-over-year and then decreased; it was 69.44 in 2011, 80.68 in 2012, and 72.05 in 2013. A decline in the sense of responsibility of universities to effectively manage space appears to be a factor in the decrease. Second, with 53% of respondents in agreement, treatment of campus area as private space appears to be the biggest hurdle for efficient space management. As such, a plan to foster a more communal view of campus facility area is required. Third, resistance from constituents to existing guidelines for space allocation on campuses appears to be limited (78.1% of respondents answered the guidelines currently in place were average, satisfactory, or very satisfactory). We believe this result points to a mutual understanding forming amongst constituents regarding guidelines on space allocation on campus.results of satisfaction research: the users are generally satisfied with education and student.

수준별 교과운영에 따른 기존 중학교의 시설 변화에 대한 연구

이화룡,Lee, Hwa-Ryong 한국교육녹색환경연구원 2001 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.1 No.1

This study aims to establish new architectural agenda for the existing middle school facilities responding to individualized interactive learning approach(IILA). First, it investigates the mechanism of new teaching methods and contents proposed in the national level curriculum and the province guidances. Secondly, it suggests the Quality and Quantity of new (multi-purpose) classrooms that should be built for operating new curriculum in the existing middle schools. Finally, it finally emphasizes the educational specification that should be prepared prior to planning school buildings.

학교건축의 복도(複道) 계획에 관한 연구

이화룡,Lee, Hwa-Ryong 한국교육녹색환경연구원 2003 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.3 No.1

The architectural design of student circulation space has a pronounced influence on the educational function of a school building. Recent curriculum and new teaching methods have required the sufficient space provided for circulation and various circulation spaces in a school building, such as elevator, pilotis, bridge, atrium, deck, lobby and locker room. However excessive circulation space is wasteful form the standpoint of both initial investment and operation. This study aims to investigate new circulation patterns and functions, and to propose the adequate size in planning a school corridor. For this purpose, it explores the recent trends of the corridor planning represented in the excellent school facilities in 2002. and analyzes the newly-added functions In the school corridor : architectural in-between space, dwelling space for ordinary activities, space for educational media and auxiliary learning space. This research recommends that the corridor width be carefully planned according to the supposed functions in order to achieve the efficiency in the design of school facilities.

세종특별자치시의 학교들은 안녕하신지요?

이화룡(Lee, Hwa-Ryong) 한국교육시설학회 2018 敎育施設 Vol.25 No.4