Sodium Bis ( alkyl decaoxyethylene ) Sulfonated Succinate 류의 합성

이학봉,정노희,남기대 ( Hak Bong Lee,No Hee Jeong,Ki Dae Nam ) 한국유화학회 1994 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.11 No.1

New anionic oligomeric surfactants, sodium bis(alkyl decaoxyethylene) sulfonated succinates, had been synthesized through the addition reaction of sodium hydrogen sulfite to bis(alkyl decaoxyethylene) maleates. Bis(alkyl decaoxyethylene) maleates were obtained by esterification with maleic anhydride and long chain alkyl decaoxyethylene eths which were also obtained by addition ethylene oxide 10 mole to straight long chain alcohol with alkyl group having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, their structure of the synthetic compounds have been characterized with IR, ~1H MMR and elemental analysis respectively.

논문 : 강원도 괘병산과 갈미봉 일대의 식물상과 식생

김유신 ( Yoo Shin Kim ),김남영 ( Nam Young Kim ),김영설 ( Young Seol Kim ),이학봉 ( Hak Bong Lee ),김세창 ( Se Chang Kim ),김지홍 ( Ji Hong Kim ),박완근 ( Wan Geun Park ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구는 백두대간 괘병산 및 갈미봉의 관속식물상과 식생을 조사·분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 괘병산 및 갈미봉 일대에 자생하는 관속식물은 93과 279속 408종 4아종 56변종 9품종 등 총 477분류군으로 조사되었으며 양치식물계수는 1.00이었다. 조사된 477분류군 중 한국특산식물은 총 8과 11속 11종으로 총 11분류군이 나타났고, 환경부지정 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물은 2과 2속 2종으로 총 2분류군 및 국립수목원 지정 희귀식물은 13과 14속 15종 1변종으로 총 16분류군이 나타났다. 귀화식물은 6과 17속 17종으로 총 17분류군이 조사되었으며 귀화율은 약 3.6%이고, 도시화지수는 약 5.3%로 나타났다. 본 조사지역의 생활형을 종합한 Biological Type은 H-D4-R5-e의 형태로 나타났으며, 자원식물의 유용도는 7가지의 용도 중 약용자원이 77.5%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 식용자원이 50.7%를 나타냈다. 괘병산과 갈미봉 일대의 산림식생에 대하여 식물사회학적 조사방법으로 분석한 결과 1군목 1군단 4군락으로 나타났다. 신갈나무-철쭉군목(Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongoliaceae Kim 1990), 신갈나무-생강나무군단(Lindero-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990), A. 신갈나무 전형하위 군락(Quercus mongolica Typical Community), B. 소나무-신갈나무 군락(Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica Community), C. 일본잎갈나무 군락 (Larix kaempferi Community), D. 조릿대-신갈나무 군락(Sasa borealis-Quercus mongolica Community). Floristic composition and phytosociological studies in Mt. Gwaebyung and Galmi-Bong were investigated to classify forest vegetation and distribution of vascular plants. We investigated two study sites from April to September, 2011. Total 477 taxa with 93 families, 279 genera, 408 species, 4 subspecies, 56 varieties and 9 forms were distributed in Mt. Gwaebyung and Galmi-Bong. Korean endemic species were composed of 8 families with 11 genera and 11 species. The plant species which is designated as protected species by the Ministry of Environment, Korea was 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species. Also plant species which is designated by the Korea National Arboretum was 16 taxa with 13 families, 14 genera, 15 species and 1 variety, A naturalized plants were 17 taxa. The Naturalization index and Urbanization index were 3.6% and 5.3% respectively, Pteridophyta-calculation (Pte-Q) was 1.00, Life form spectra was H-D4-R5-e type and the highest percentage of useful plant resources were medicinal plant (77.5%). The forest vegetation in Mt. Gwaebyung and Galmi-bong was classified into 1 order, 1 alliance and 4 communities; Rhododendro - Quercetalia mongoliaceae, Lindero-Quercion mongolicae, Quercus mongolica Typical Community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica Community, Larix kaempferi Community and Sasa borealis-Quercus mongolica Community.

건조스트레스가 수리취의 광합성 및 수분관련 특성에 미치는 영향

이경철,이학봉,Lee, Kyeong-Cheol,Lee, Hak Bong 한국산림과학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.3

이 연구는 건조스트레스가 수리취의 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였으며, 건조스트레스는 25일 간의 단수처리를 통해 유도하였다. 건조스트레스가 진행됨에 따라 새벽 녘 수분포텐셜(${\Psi}_{pd}$)과 정오의 수분포텐셜(${\Psi}_{mid}$)이 모두 감소하였으며, 수분불포화도(WSD)는 약 7배 증가하였다. 특히 일중 수분포텐셜차(${\Psi}_{pd}-{\Psi}_{mid}$)는 처리 후 10일까지 0.22~0.18 MPa 범위로 큰 차이를 나타냈으나 이후에는 차이가 크게 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 수리취는 건조스트레스 처리 후 15일부터 기공전도도와 기공증산속도의 감소가 두드러졌고, 처리 20일 이후에는 최대광합성 속도와 순양자수율 역시 큰 폭으로 감소한 반면 수분이용효율은 반대의 경향을 보였다. 이것은 기공을 통한 $CO_2$와 수분의 조절이 원활하지 못해 광합성량의 감소가 일어난 것을 의미한다. JIP 분석을 통해 단수처리 15일 이후에 기능지수($PI_{ABS}$) 및 에너지전달 효율의 감소가 두드러진 것으로 나타났으며, 광계 2의 활성이 감소한 것을 보여준다. 엽의 원형질 분리시 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}_o{^{tlp}}$은 -0.4 MPa, 최대포수시의 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}_o{^{sat}}$은 -0.35 MPa의 삼투적 적응 반응을 나타냈으며, 최대탄성계수($E_{max}$)의 탄성적 적응은 9.4 MPa로 나타나 수리취는 건조스트레스에 따라 삼투적 적응과 탄성적 적응이 모두 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. Vo/DW, Vt/DW와 같은 수분특성인자는 건조스트레스에 따라 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 수리취는 새벽녘 엽수분포텐셜이 -0.93 MPa 이하로 저하되면 광합성 활성의 감소가 크게 나타나고, 건조스트레스에 따라 삼투적 적응과 탄성적 적응이 나타나 이것이 이 식물의 중요한 적응방법임을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to find out the influence of drought stress on physiological responses of Synurus deltoides. Drought stress was induced by withholding water for 25 days. Leaf water potentials were decreased of both predawn (${\Psi}_{pd}$) and mid-day (${\Psi}_{mid}$) with increasing drought stress, but water saturation dificit (WSD) was 7 times increased. ${\Psi}_{pd}-{\Psi}_{mid}$ showed the significant difference of 0.22~0.18 MPa in stressed before 10 days, and nonsignificant as treatment time became longer. A strong reduction of stomatal conductance ($gH_2O$) and stomatal transpiration rate (E) were observed after 15 days of drought stress Significant reductions of net apparent quantum yield (${\Phi}$) and maximum photosynthesis rate ($Pn_{max}$) were observed after 20 days of drought stress; However, water use efficiency (WUE) was shown the opposite trend. This implies that decrease of photosynthesis rate may be due to an inability to regulate water and $CO_2$ exchanged through the stomata. From JIP analysis, flux ratios (${\Psi}_O$ and ${\Phi}_{EO}$) and performance index on absorption basis ($PI_{ABS}$) were dramatically decreased withholding water after 15 days, which reflects the relative reduction of photosystem II activity. The leaf of S. deltoides showed osmotic adjustment of -0.35 MPa at full turgor and -0.40 MPa at zero turgor, and also cell-wall elastic adjustment of 9.4 MPa, indicating that S. deltoides tolerate drought stress through osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment. The degree of change in water relations parameters such as Vo/DW, Vt/DW decreased with increasing drought stress. This result showed that S. deltoides was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to approximately -0.93 MPa of predawn leaf water potential, and both of osmotic adjustment and cell-wall elastic adjustment in drought stress condition appears to be an important adaptation for restoration in this species.

차광처리에 따른 병풍쌈의 생리반응 및 생장특성

이경철 ( Kyeong Cheol Lee ),이학봉 ( Hak Bong Lee ),박완근 ( Wan Geun Park ),한상섭 ( Sang Sup Han ) 한국농림기상학회 2012 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth performance of Parasenecio firmus under changing light environment. Parasenecio firmus was grown under non-treated (full sunlight) and three different shading conditions (88~93%, 65~75% and 45%~55% of full sunlight) for the experiment. Total chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), T/R ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf weight ratio (LWR) were increased with increasing shading level, but decreased dark respiration. Therefore, light absorption and light utilization efficiency were improved under the low intensity light. Plants under 65~75% of full sunlight had best maximum photosynthetic rate and net apparent quantum yield in May. On the other hand, the non-treated plants had lower maximum photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, and chlorophyll content than the treated ones. Parasenecio firmus considered to be a sciophyte, is fairly sensitive to high intensity light. If 88-93% of full sunlight lasts for a long period, photosynthetic capacity will be sharply decreased, though limiting light. These results suggest that growth of Parasenecio firmus adapted to 65~75% of full sunlight.

항공 정비 자격증명의 국제화를 위한 연구

오권석(Kwon-Suk Oh),유광의(Kwang-Eui Yoo),이학봉(Hak-Bong Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2020 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

지리적 분포에 따른 식물계절 현상 및 미기후 특성

김영설 ( Young Sol Kim ),손호준 ( Ho Jun Son ),김남영 ( Nam Young Kim ),이학봉 ( Hak Bong Lee ),김세창 ( Se Chang Kim ),박완근 ( Wan Geun Park ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 백두대간 권역의 생강나무와 진달래를 대상으로 2011년부터 2013년까지 3년간의 개화 및 개엽시기를 월평균기온과 비교분석하고 수관층의 추이를 관찰하였다. 고도별의 차이를 보이는 진부령 권역의 경우 해발고도가 가장 낮은 제3조사구에서 개화 및 개엽시기가 대체로 빨라지는 경향을 보이며, 해발고도가 높을수록 개화 및 개엽시기가 느려지는 것을 관찰하였다. 영동·영서 지역으로 구분한 오대산 권역에서는 제4조사구의 경우 연도별 차이가 크게 없었으나 제6조사구에서 비교적시기가 앞당겨졌다. 개화 및 개엽날짜는 시간이 지날수록 대체적으로 앞당겨지는 경향을 보이며, 2012년 봄철의 이상기온 현상에 영향을 받아 개화 및 개엽시기가 해당 연도 전후와 비교해 앞당겨진것을 관찰하였다. 수관층의 경우에도 2012년에 이상고온 현상으로 전년도에 비해 1.5배의 피복비율 차이를 보였다. 개화에 필요한 온량지수와 연일지수는 생강나무의 경우 각각 140.77℃·일, 208.60℃·일, 진달래는 277.03℃·일, 358.05℃·일이다. We have observed flowering and leafing time of Lindera obtusiloba and Rhododendron mucronulatum for 3 years(2011~2013). The data from the observations were analyzed in relation to monthly mean temperature and canopy observation was carried out consistently within the period. We found early flowering and leafing tendency of the two species in the district 3 located on low elevation in Jinburyeong site. It was found in Jinburyeong site that flowering and leafing time were delayed with increasing elevation level. In Mt. Odae site, which were separated into Yeongdong and Yeongseo area, little difference in flowering and leafing time by year was found in the district 4, though the timing was advanced in the district 6. This results suggested that the advanced flowering and leafing time was led by the abnormal temperature in spring 2012. The canopy cover rate was half as much again as it was in 2012 due to such reason. The warmth index(WI) and year day index(YDI) required for flowering were determined to be 140.77℃.day, 208.60℃.day for L. obtusiloba and 277.03℃.day, 358.05℃ .day for R. mucronulatum.

방광에 발생한 부신경절종 : 1예 보고 A Case Report

이미숙,이학봉,기근홍 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor. The authors experienced a case of nonfunctioning paraganglioma of the urinary bladder in a 67-year-old woman, complaining of painless gross hematuria as an only symptom. Cystoscopy disclosed a papillary, broad based polypoid tumor in the dome of the bladder. Histologically, the tumor is composed of a well defined nest of cuboidal cells ("llballen"seperated by a prominent sinusoidal vascular netwok. The individual cells have moderately abundant acidophilic granular cytoplasm with ovoid nuclei. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells are reactive for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin and synaptophysin. The sustentacular cells at the periphery of neoplastic cell clusters are reactive for S-100 protein. The DNA analysis of this case was diploidy.

갑상선 질환에서의 부여포세포 표현 양상

기근홍,이학봉,신은택 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

The parafollicular C cell is a neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid gland. It secrete the calcitonin and regulate the serum level of calcium. The materials for this study consisted of 20 cases of adenomatous goiter 10 chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 5 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 10 follicular adenoma, 20 papillary carcinoma, and 5 follicular carcinoma that resected for definite treatment of thyroid disease at Chosun University Hospital from January, 1995 to December, 1998. All cases were performed of immunohistochemical stain for antimouse monoclonal calcitonin, chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) antibodies. The result obtained as follows. Immunohistochemically, the positive cells for calcitonin, chromogranin A and calcitonin were increased and intensely stained in the chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In the follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, the C cells were increased around the tumor cell nests. But, the tumor cells showed negative staining. In conclusion, the calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine cells were showed in most thyroid diseases and were increased in inflammatory diseases. This finding suggest that the neuroendocrine cells act as protection to injurious agents or neoplastic transformation.