원문 : 크레아틴-중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터 운동수행력에 미치는 영향

이철원 ( Cheol Won Lee ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

이철원. 크레아틴-중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터 운동수행력에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 제3호. 257-266 2014. 본 연구는 크레아틴, 중탄산나트륨, 그리고 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터(arm-ergometer)를 이용한 상지 근기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 경기도 소재 Y대학교 체육계열 남·여학생 17명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 무선추출법을 통해 크레아틴 투여집단(n=7), 중탄산나트륨 투여집단(n=5), 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여집단(n=5), 총 3 집단으로 나누어 암-에르고미터를 이용한 상지 근기능 사전검사(pre-test) 후 집단별 로딩(loading)이 완료된 5일 후 사후검사(post-test)를 동일하게 실시하였다. 자료처리는 통계패키지 SPSS Ver. 12.0을 이용하여 모든 변인의 측정결과를 평균과 표준편차로 산출하고, 집단 및 시기 차이에 대한 주효과검정과 집단과 상호작용효과를 알아보기 위해 반복측정에 의한 이원변량분석 (Two-way repeated measured ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 모든 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 암-에르고미터를 통한 검사 항목에서 최고 파워, 피로지수, 체중당 피크파워, 안정시 젖산농도 등에서 시기에 따른 유의한 차를 나타내었으나, 집단 간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨 그리고 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여는 암-에르고미터를 이용한 상지 운동수행력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 복합투여의 우수성은 나타나지 않았다. Lee, Cheol-Won. The Effect of Combined Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Arm Ergometer Performance. Exercise Science. 23(3): 257-266, 2014. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of creatine, sodium bicarbonate and combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on upper limbs with arm-ergometer. Seventeen students majoring in physical education were randomly assigned to 3 groups [creatine (n=7), sodium bicarbonate (n=5), creatine & sodium bicarbonate (n=5)]. Pre-test consisted of muscular function of upper limbs with arm-ergometer and after 5 days later for creatine and sodium bicarbonate loading, post-test was processed with the same way as pre-test. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way repeated measured ANOVA for intervention. Significance was accepted at p<.05. The following results were obtained from this study. Peak power, fatigue index, peak power/kg and peak attainment time of arm-ergometer test were significantly (p<.05) increased by time but no difference among the groups. In conclusion, creatine, sodium bicarbonate and combined creatine & sodium bicarbonate supplementation favorably affected muscular function of upper limbs with arm-ergometer but there were no significant difference among the groups.

고체내의 전자빔 산란에 대한 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 연구

이철의(Cheol Eui Lee),이규원(kyu Won Lee),윤성민(Sung Min Yoon) 한국생산제조학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

고체 내에 입사된 전자빔의 산란 과정을 몬테카를로 방법으로 시뮬레이션 했다. 탄성 산란에 대해서는 screened Rutherford 산란 단면적을 사용했고 비탄성 산란에 대해서는 Gryzinsky의 산란 단면적이 사용되었다. 산란 전자의 좌표계와 실험실 좌표계 사이에 회전변환을 도입하여 계산 결과의 정밀도와 효율성을 개선했다. 입사된 전자의 산란 전후 위치와 에너지를 계산하여 전자빔의 침투거리에 따른 전자빔의 넓어짐과 에너지 감소를 계산하였다.

퇴임이사에 대한 직무집행정지 가처분

이철기(Lee, Cheol-Ki) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2010 성균관법학 Vol.22 No.3

Supreme Court’s Decision No.2009Ma1311 states that a director retiring from office when there are more than minimum number of directors remaining in office as prescribed by Commercial Acts or by the articles of incorporation, the director naturally no longer has the rights and duties of a director as of the director’s resignation or expiration of his term of office, and in the case that the director retains the effective rights and duties of the position despite his resignation or the expiration of his term of office, a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director can be requested by way of claim to confirmation of non-existence of the rights and duties of the director. This finding is reasonable in light of Article 386 Section 1 of the Commercial Acts, which limits the instance of a retiring director to retain rights and duties of a director to when the directors remaining in office would otherwise become fewer than the minimum number prescribed by Commercial Acts or by the articles of incorporation. On the other hand, the Decision states that since Article 386 Section 2 of the Commercial Acts allows for the court to appoint a person who is to temporarily perform the duties of a director upon application if required, e.g. in case where it is impossible or inappropriate for a retiring director who retains the rights and duties of a director under Article 386 Section 1 of the Commercial Acts to retain the rights and duties of a director, a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director cannot be requested separately based on his resignation or expiration of his term of office or the fact that retiring director had a reason to be terminated. However, a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director, which is a form of a preservative measure, is different in its purpose and principle from “a person who is to temporarily perform the duties of a director” as prescribed in Article 386 Section 2 of the Commercial Acts, it is more reasonable to understand that the two measures are not mutually exclusive. There are no laws showing that one cannot request a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director when it is appropriate to appoint a person who is to temporarily perform the duties of a director, and the merit of a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director, which is the temporary and emergency nature of the measure, is of a far greater benefit in reality in providing immediate relief to those in need than the appointment of a person who is to temporarily perform the duties of a director. Therefore, in the special circumstance where it is determinable that the person who is exercising the rights and duties of a retiring director does not in fact possess the status or the rights of a retiring director, it is reasonable to assume that it is allowable to request a Provisional Injunction on Performing the Duties of a Director by way of claim to confirmation of non-existence of the rights and duties of the director.

국가 기반시설 사이버 보안기술 동향

이철원(Cheol Won Lee) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2008 Crisisonomy Vol.4 No.1

최근, 전력송·변전, 석유 및 가스파이프 라인, 상수도 및 하수처리 등을 감시·제어하는 원방감시제어시스템에 대한 사이버보안 위협이 점차 증가하고 있다.미국을 비롯한 여러나라에서는 원방감시제어시스템 사이버보안 노력에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 본고에서는 원방감시제어시스템의 보안위협 및 보안동향을 소개하고 우리나라의 국가기반시설을 보호하기 위한 향후추진과제를 제안한다. Recently, the security threats are more and more increasing on supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) systems that are widely used to monitor and control operations in electric power distribution facilities, oil and gas pipelines, water distribution systems and sewage treatment facilities. Many countries including Unites States great deal of effort in order to mitigate the cyber threats from cyber attacks. This paper describes security threats of SCADA and security efforts that protect cyber attacks. For securing SCADA, we propose further research and policy issues to protect our national critical infrastructure.

일반 논문 : 조직학습 수준과 조직몰입 및 지각된 조직성과의 관계에 관한 연구

이철기 ( Cheol Ki Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 충청지역의 중소기업을 대상으로 조직학습 수준과 조직몰입 및 지각된 조직성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 개인, 집단 및 조직수준 학습과 조직몰입 및 지각된 조직성과 사이의 직접적 관계와 조직학습의 각 수준과 지각된 조직성과 사이에서 조직몰입의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 충청지역의 산업분포를 반영한 150여개 기업의 800명의 응답자로부터 얻은 설문자료에 대해 실증분석을 하였다. 실증분석 결과, 개인 수준학습과 집단 수준학습 및 조직수준 학습 모두 조직몰입 및 지각된 조직성과에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조직몰입에 대해서는 개인수준, 집단 수준 및 조직수준 학습의 순서로, 영향을 미치며, 지각된 조직성과에 대해서는 개인수준, 조직수준 및 집단 수준학습의 순서로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조직학습은 지각된 조직성과에 대해 직접적인 효과를 갖지만, 조직몰입을 통한 간접적인 효과가 보다 큰 것으로 나타나 조직몰입은 조직학습과 지각된 조직성과를 부분적으로 매개하는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 실증분석 결과를 요약하고, 연구결과가 중소기업의 조직학습에 미치는 이론적, 실무적 영향과 시사점을 제시하고, 향후 연구방향과 논문의 한계에 대해 논의하였다. Increasing competition, speedy environmental changes, scarce resources and globalization have made organizational learning a critical component for organizational success and a competitive advantage in the long term. As concerns for organizational learning and organizational success increase, researches which examine the relationship between organizational learning and various important organizational variables such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, short term or long term performance variables (e.g. financial achievement, quality improvement, product service innovation, etc.) attract a lot of attention. The main purpose of this paper is twofold : First, it examines the relationship between the three levels of learning in an organization-individual level learning (ILL), group level learning (GLL), organizational level learning (OLL)-and organizational commitment (OC) and perceived organizational performance (POP) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) settings. Second, it examines whether there are direct effects of the three levels of learning (ILL, GLL, and OLL) on POP, or mediate effects of OC between the three levels of learning (ILL, GLL, and OLL) and POP. This study refers to the stocks of learning as learning that resides within a level : individual, group, and organization. These stocks can be distinguished from the flow of learning across levels to provide feed-forward and feed-back. The three levels of learning can be defined as follows(Bontis, Crossan, and Hulland, 2002) : Individual learning captures the processes of intuiting and interpreting. It focuses on the generation of innovative insight, taking actions that are experimental in nature, breaking out of traditional mind-sets to see things in new and different ways, scanning the external environment, developing the competency to complete one`s job, having a sense of pride and ownership in one`s work, and being aware of the critical issues that affect one`s work, all at the level of the individual. Group learning captures the process of integrating. It includes elements such as effectively working in groups, having productive meetings, having the right people to address the issues, and communicating key elements of dialogue including being prepared to share both successes and failures, encouraging diversity, and effective conflict resolution. Organizational level learning involves embedding individual and group learning into the non-human aspects of an organization`s systems, structures, procedures and strategy. In this case the stock of learning is referred to as organizational memory. Furthermore, this embedded learning needs to be aligned so that systems, structures, and procedures support a strategic orientation that position an organizational well within its competitive environment. I developed three sets of hypotheses through literature review : The first set of three hypotheses (H1-1, 1-2, 1-3) are related with the direct relationship between learning at each of the three levels and organizational commitment. The second set of three hypotheses (H2-1, 2-2, 2-3) are related with the direct relationship between learning at each of the three levels and perceived organizational performance. The third hypothesis (H3) is related with the mediating effect of organizational commitment between learning at each of the three levels and perceived organizational performance. In order to test the hypotheses, I used measurement instruments of which their reliability and validity were verified through a series of preceding research. The strategic learning assessment map developed by Bontis et al.(2002) and Crossan, Lane, and White(1999) is used for analyzing the relationship between the three levels of learning and perceived organizational performance. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Steers, and Porter(1979) is used to measure organizational commitment. About 150 SMES in the ChungCheong region voluntarily agreed to take part in this research. Finally data was gathered from a total of 800 respondents and used in statistical analysis to test the hypotheses. I tested for the reliability and validity of all measurements relating to the five constructs in two stages. In the first stage, exploratory factor analysis of all items using the principal component analysis (PCA) was examined. All the items were loaded into the five constructs with relatively high values as expected. In the second stage, results of confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling yielded an adequate model fit for the proposed factor structure (X2 = 926.591, df = 259, p = .000, RMR = .060, RMSEA = .057, NFI = .937, CFI = .954). All items were loaded on their respective constructs and were statistically significant. Furthermore, I computed the composite reliability of each construct. The composite reliability for each construct is above the .70 suggested by Nunnally(1978) which indicates adequate reliability. I checked the convergent and discriminant validity of each construct. The standardized CFA loadings present evidence of convergent validity. The square root of the average variance extracted was greater than all corresponding correlations indicating adequate discriminant validity. To test the hypotheses relating to the direct effects of organizational learning multiple regression analyses including organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance as dependent variables respectively were analyzed. The results suggested that all the hypotheses relating to the direct effects were verified. All the three levels of learning (ILL, GLL, and OLL) are positively associated with organizational commitment as stated in H1.1-H1.3 (p < .001). Also all the three levels of learning (ILL, GLL, and OLL) are positively associated with perceived organizational performance as stated in H2.1-H2.3 (p < .001). To test the mediating effect of organizational commitment, I followed the procedure suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). The results show that the effects of the levels of learning on perceived organizational performance is partially mediated by organizational commitment. Therefore the hypothesis that the relationship between the three levels of learning and perceived organizational performance would be mediated by organizational commitment was only partially verified. The results of this study suggest valuable meaning and various implications at the academic and practical level for SMEs. First, all three levels of learning are positively associated with organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance. This result suggests that as verified in Western studies, organizational learning in SMEs can be the most critical element to transforming an existing traditional organization to a performance oriented organization (Gilley and Maycunich, 2000). To intensify individual, group and organizational level learning would make important contributions to the organization in achieving sustainable competitive advantages as well as demonstrating strong financial performance. Therefore, it is the duty of the CEO and senior management in SMEs to devote effort to continually strengthen the three levels of learning and enhance the level of organizational commitment and effectiveness in the long term. Contrary to expectation, the results of regression analysis suggest that individual level learning has a greater effect than group level learning or organizational level learning. I had expected organizational level learning to make organizational members share the mental model of the organization and align with the organizational strategy, system and operating procedures to enhance the level of organizational commitment and performance. I believe that this discrepancy in expectation is caused by the perception of respondents of the organizational learning level in their own organizations. Respondents can be biased that the individual level learning is more important than the other levels of learning. If so, organizations have to focus on the individual level learning to get the desired results such as organizational effectiveness. On the other hand, it can be caused by the perception of respondents in overestimating the value of individual level learning more than reality assuming the condition that group and organizational level learning is relatively less activated than individual level learning. Organizational commitment has a partial mediating role between the level of organizational learning and perceived organizational performance. This result suggests the importance of the role of organizational commitment to enhance organizational performance. In conclusion, I recommended future research to examine more mediating variables such as the effect of human resource management systems and organizational trust on organizational commitment and performance, and the effects of inter-organizational learning level between SMES or SMEs and large scale organizations. Other further research directions are suggested. Finally several limitations to be aware of in this study are presented. Especially the possibility of measurement errors incurred when measuring invisible phenomena such as organizational learning, limitations in employing only survey questionnaires and self reporting errors are pointed out.

네트워크 보안 시뮬레이션을 위한 SSF 설계

이철원(Cheol-Won Lee),김동규(Dong-Kyu Kim) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 학술대회 및 강연회 Vol.2002 No.4

비타민E 투여가 Hamster 협낭점막의 9, 10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene(DMBA)유도 구강상피암 발암과정에 미치는 영향

이철원(Cheol Won Lee) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1987 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The relationship of nutritional supplements and cancer is receiving renewed attention. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is accepted one of essential nutrients for man and thought to have antioxidant function and free radical scavenger action and etc. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis induced by DMBA. 75 syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), 6 weeks old, were used in this experiment and were divided into normal (5), control Ⅰ, Ⅱ (10), experimental group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ (60). In experimental group and control group, the left buccal pouch of hamster was painted three times a week with 0.5% DMBA in heavy mineral oil and only heavy mineral 03 respectively. But in experimental group Ⅱ and control group Ⅱ, animals received 10 IU of vitamin E twice a week on days alternate to the DMBA painting. In experimental group Ⅲ, animals received vitamin E also, but they received 4 weeks before DMBA painting in order to investigate the long term effect of vitamin E. All animals were sacrified serially at 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, and 16th week. Buccal pouches were photographed and excised. Tumors in the left buccal pouches were measured and counted for statistical analysis. Excised tissues were examined light-and eclectromicroscopically. The results were as follows; 1. In experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ received vitamin E, there was a significant delay in tumor formation up to 12 weeks, and that from 12 to 16 weeks, there were fewer tumors and their average size was smaller than group Ⅰ. But there was no difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2. In experimental group Ⅰ, mild dysplasia with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis was observed at 8 weeks, carcinoma-in-situ and dysplasia at 10 weeks, frankly invasive carcinoma at 12 weeks, extensive tumors with invasion and surface necrosis at 14,16 weeks. 3. In experimental group Ⅱ, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis was observed at 8 weeks, carcinomain-situ and mild dysplasia at 10 weeks, frankly invasive carcinoma at 12 weeks, invasive carcinoma and carcinoma-in-situ at 14,16 weeks. 4. In experimental group Ⅲ, mild dysplasia and hyperkeratosis was observed at 8 weeks, moderate dysplasia at 10 weeks, carcinoma-in-situ and dysplasia at 12 weeks, invasive carcinoma and carcinoma-in-situ at 14,16 weeks. 5. Electromicroscopic studies of developed tumors in each group observed moderately differentiated type of epidermoid carcinoma. They showed nuclear pleomorphism, clumping of tonofilaments, less frequent number of desmosomes widened intercellular spaces with microvillus-like structures and degenerated mitochondria. This results suggest that vitamin E has some inhibition effects on carcinogenesis but there was no long term effect of vitamin E.

A Design and Implementation of DB System for Providing Comprehensive Information Retrieval Service about Social Economic Information

Cheol-won Lee(이철원),Heung Seok Jeon(전흥석),Younghee Noh(노영희) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2017 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.22 No.5

In this paper, we propose a design and implementation of a DB system for providing comprehensive information retrieval service about social economic information. We classify social economic organizations into 6 major categories and 35 small categories. The DB contains 25,938 social economic organizations in total. The DB system provides simple and intuitive interface for searching information such as keyword search, category search and initial search. Fully loaded time of webpage of implemented DB system achieved 2.3s by Vancouver, Canada Server.

자가골 및 이중골 이식에 의한 초기 매식체 고정성의 증가가 골 유착에 미치는 영향

이철원(Cheol Won Lee) 대한치과의사협회 2000 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.38 No.3

TiN/TiSi<SUB>2</SUB> 이중구조막의 submicron contact에서의 전기적 특성

이철진(Cheol-jin Lee),성만영(Man-Young Sung),성영권(Yung-Kwon Sung) 대한전자공학회 1994 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1994 No.7