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이창근,강대일,Lee, Chang-Kun,Kang, Dai-lll 국립문화재연구소 1989 保存科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-
Between 1976 and 1984 approximately 26.7 tons of Chinese coins were recovered from a shipwreck which was found at the seabed of the Shin an area in the south-western coast of the Korean peninsula. Elements, Cu, Pb, Sn, Fe, Sb, As, Zn, Ag, Ni, Co and Mn, of 54 pieces of the coins were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-AIS). The result shows that Ch, Pb, and Sn were found to be major elements roughly the coins with the ratio of 7 : 2 : 1, respectively. Trace elements were classified into 3 levels according to the avarage concentration : Fe,As and Sb(0.1-0.5%), Ag, Mi, Co and Zn(100-1000ppm) and Mn(10ppm). Some systematic tendencies are observed in the composition change with a function of their minting ages .The Wuzhu coins(오수전) from the Eastern Han dynasty(A.D.25-219 )are much more abundant in Cu than the coins of Tang dynasty(A.D.618-907) and later periods. Major element compositions of the Kai -tong Vuan-Bao(개통원보) coins from the Tang dynasty, were remarkably variable. In general, however, the Tang dynasty coins were much more abundant in Cu than the Song dynasty(A.S.S60-1279) coins. The amount of major elements Cu and Sn decreases while that of Pb in creasesby passage of age from the Bei Song dynasty(A.D.960-1127) to later Nam Song dynasty (A.D.1127-1279 ). It means that the quality of coins mere degraded. The amounts of trace elemends(Fe, As, Co, Hn) increases with the above age. High amounts of trace elements are supposed to be a reflection of immaturity of minting techniques or use of impurity-rich raw materials. The Jin dynasty(A.D.1125-1234) coins are found to be rich in Sn and thus contain Pb as the third component. It is quite different from the coins of the Song dynasty. The Zhi-dai Tong-Bao(지대통보) coins of the Yuan dynasty from A.0.1310 are much more abundant in Cu and Sn than those of the Nam Song dynasty .
이창근(Chang-Kun Lee),김영수(Young-Su Kim),구명모(Myeong-Mo Gu),김봉기(Bong-Gi Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2010 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.15 No.12
본 광 분포 온도 측정 시스템은 광섬유 자체를 온도 측정용 센서로 이용하는 시스템으로, 한 가닥의 광섬유만을 포설하여 포설된 주변 전체 온도를 수 천 점으로 측정이 가능한 시스템이다. 분포 측정의 경우 측정 점의 수를 많이 할 경우 측정점당 비용을 기존 센서의 비용 수준으로 절감 할 수 있으며 동시에 한 두 가닥의 광섬유로 전체 센서를 연결 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 일반적으로 통신용으로 사용하는 광케이블 자체를 센서 (optical sensor cable)로 활용하여 최소한 매 1m 간격으로 센서 기능을 할 수 있는 특성을 이용함으로써 각 센서와 수많은 연결선들을 줄이고 시스템은 컴퓨터를 이용하여 데이터저장, 제어나 보관 등 데이터 관리가 용이하며, 실시간 온도 변화에 따른 온도 이력정보를 이용한 실시간 온도 모니터링 시스템을 구축한다. Optical Temperature Distribution Sensor Measurement System uses fiber optic sensors itself for temperature measurement is a system which can be measured the Installed surrounding entire temperature as a thousand points by laying a single strand of fiber optic. If there are a lot of measuring points in the distribution Measurement, the cost of each measuring point can be reduced the cost level of existing sensors and at the same time this has the advantage of connecting all sensors as one or two strands of fiber. Generally Optical Fiber is used for communication but Optical Fiber itself can be used for sensor and it has the characteristic of sensor function which can be measured Temperature in the at least each one meter distance. By using these characteristics each sensor and the number of Connection Lines can be reduced. In this paper, we implement a real time temperature monitoring system, which is easy to manage and control for data storage, data management, data storage using a computer and which has the functions of monitoring and correction according to Real-time temperature changes using historical temperature data.
멀티캐스트 혼잡제어와 오버레이 멀티캐스트 기술의 비교 분석
이창근 ( Chang-kun Lee ) 한국고등직업교육학회 2008 한국고등직업교육학회논문집 Vol.9 No.1
In this paper, we present an overview of the recent various proposed congestion control schemes for multicast and overlay multicast protocols. Congestion control is an important aspect in multicast environment in order to avoid congestion collapses. The primary goal of a congestion control mechanism is to make sure that applications share bandwidth fairly when the network is overloaded with traffic. The overlay multicast moves the multicast support from core routers to end hosts which implement all group communication functionalities, including membership management, packet replication, and distribution. There are some differences in many aspects between traditional multicast and overlay multicast. We survey the classification of TCP-Friendly, multicast and overlay multicast congestion control protocols and discuss their characteristics. Both multicast congestion control and application overlay multicast protocols are described.
한국인에서 D-Dimer의 위양성과 관련된 인자와 검사의 정확도 향상을 위한 Cut-Off Value
홍만용 ( Man Yong Hong ),이창근 ( Chang Kun Lee ),유상용 ( Sang Yong Yoo ),신대희 ( Dae Hee Shin ),정상식 ( Sang Sig Cheong ),권장훈 ( Jang Hoon Kwon ),장우성 ( Woo Sung Jang ),유승진 ( Seung Jin Yoo ),오광훈 ( Kwang Hoon Oh ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.84 No.3
목적: 폐동맥 색전증과 심부 정맥 혈전증 이외에 D-dimer 검사의 양성 결과를 나타내는 여러 질환들이 보고되고 있으나, 현재까지 한국인에서 위양성을 유발하는 인자에 대해서는 명백하게 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 한국인에서 위양성을 초래하는 인자들을 확인하고, 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 새로운 cut-off value를 제시하고자 한다. 방법: 2009년 1월부터 12월까지 본원에 방문한 환자 중 다양한 이유로 D-dimer 검사를 시행 받은 2,047명의 환자를 대상으로 분석하였고, 위양성을 유발하는 인자들을 확인하기 위해 오즈비와 95% 신뢰구간을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 새로운 cut-off value는 ROC curve를 이용하여 구하였다. 결과: 연령의 증가, 외상, 수술의 기왕력, 급성 감염, 결핵, 뇌혈관 질환, 악성종양, 만성 신부전, 급성 관동맥 증후군, 심부전, 호흡기 질환 등이 D-dimer 검사의 위양성을 유발하는 인자로 확인되었다. 또한 민감도와 특이도를 향상시키기 위해 ROC curve를 이용하여 구한 새로운 cut-off value는 0.68mg/L였다(65세 이하에서는 0.58 mg/L, 65세 이상에서는 0.77mg/L). 결론: 여러 인자들이 D-dimer 위양성과 관련이 있었으며, 임상에서 D-dimer 검사를 시행하고 임상에 적용할 때에는 이러한 인자들이 결과치에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 충분히 고려하여야겠다. Background/Aims: The D-dimer value is a simple blood test used to evaluate venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, due to its low specificity, another test is needed for a definite diagnosis, such as a radiographic test. We evaluate the factors associated with a false positive D-dimer test and propose a new cut-off value for detecting VTE more effectively in Koreans. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. From January 2009 to December 2009, 2,047 patients (988 men, 63 ± 15 years) had the D-dimer value checked to evaluate VTE. The main outcome of interest was a positive D-dimer test. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were determined using logistic regression analysis. The new D-dimer cut-off was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: The result was positive in 1,093 patients (53%), for a false positive percentage for VTE of 95% and a false negative percentage for VTE of 1%. Significant false positive predictors for a positive D-dimer were increasing age, trauma, postoperative, acute infection, tuberculosis, stroke, malignancy, chronic renal failure, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and lung disease. The discriminative value of the D-dimer test was assessed using ROC curve analysis. A D-dimer value of 0.68 mg/L on admission was the best cut-off value for predicting the development of VTE with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 57%. Conclusions: Many factors affect the D-dimer value and we must consider these factors before using the D-dimer value to evaluate VTE. A D-dimer value of 0.68 mg/L appears to be a good cut-off value for evaluating VTE more effectively in Koreans. (Korean J Med 2013;84:372-378)