직결식 세탁기용 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

이진원(JIN WON LEE),김창준(CHANG JOON KIM),성부현(BU HYUN SUNG),원종화(JONG HWA WON),이유신(YOU SHIN YI) 대한전기학회 1996 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.7

저분자 수용성 닭가슴살 분말의 PDCAAS 분석을 통한 단백질 품질평가

이진아(Jin A Lee),김민주(Min Ju Kim),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh),이중복(Jung-Bok Lee),서예희(Ye hei Seo),최현규(Hyun Gyu Choi),박해진(Hae-Jin Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

본 연구는 수용성 저분자 가수분해 닭가슴살 파우더를 개발하여 섭취에 용이하게 하고 이의 조단백 함량, 아미노산 조성, 펩타이드 함량 비교 및 단백질 질(PER, NPR 및 PDCAAS 등) 분석을 통해 영양학적으로도 우수한 단백질 급원으로의 유용성을 증명하고자 하였다. LWCP의 중량 평균 분자량은 675로 ISP 2,448 및 WPI 9,626에 비교하여 월등히 작게 나타났다. 필수아미노산의 함량은 단백질 건강기능식품의 아미노산 스코어 환산을 위한 기준 필수아미노산 조성표(건강기능식품의 기준 및 규격 고시 제2021-25호)를 기준으로 필수아미노산 전 항목에서 기준 필수아미노산 조성함량을 초과하였다. LWCP는 in vitro 단백질 소화흡수율의 경우 99~98%로 대부분 소화 흡수되었으며, 단백질 질 평가를 위하여 실시한 단백질 효율의 경우 비교군인 ISP군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고 순단백질 이용률 및 단백질 순 소화율은 비교군 간 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 아미노산 점수의 경우 LWCP는 트립토판으로 1.33, ISP는 메티오닌과 시스테인의 합으로 1.14, WPI의 경우 히스티딘 1.03, 카제인의 경우 메티오닌과 시스테인의 합으로 1.01로 측정되어 모두 1 이상을 기록하였으며 LWCP의 아미노산 점수가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 PDCAAS는 LWCP가 128.8%로 모든 식이 비교군과 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. LWCP의 기능성 펩타이드로 측정한 안세린과 카르노신의 경우 각각 21.06 mg/g, 5.46 mg/g으로 나타났으며, ISP 및 WPI는 검출되지 않았다. 결론적으로 LWCP는 저분자 단백질로써 ISP 또는 WPI 군과의 in vitro 및 in vivo 단백질 소화흡수율에서 비교우위에 있어 단백질 질적인 측면뿐만 아니라 생리 기능성 측면에서도 우수하다고 판단되므로 고부가가치 신규 단백질 소재로써의 활용이 기대된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality of low-molecular weight water-soluble chicken breast powder (LWCP) by the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which is a combination of the chemical score of the limiting amino acid multiplied by the true digestibility of the protein. The LWCP was hydrolyzed using by foodpro<SUP>®</SUP> alkaline protease for 4 hours at 55°C and was then further hydrolyzed with a combination of three enzymes (prozyme 2000P, bromelain, and papain) for 2 hours. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to measure the molecular weight distribution of the LWCP, isolated soy protein (ISP), and whey protein isolate (WPI). The protein quality of the LWCP was evaluated and compared with vegetable protein (ISP) and two animal proteins (WPI and casein). The protein quality was evaluated using a rodent bioassay of the protein digestibility and the amino acid composition of the LWCP was determined via high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Test diets were supplied for five days after an adaptation period of 4 days, to an animal model comprising 21∼28 days old SD rats with an average body weight of 70∼80 g. During the balance period, the nitrogen contents in the feces were assayed. As a result of estimating the weighted average molecular weight using GPC, the LWCP was observed to have a smaller value (Mw 675) than those of the ISP (Mw 995) and WPI (Mw 6,666). The protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio of the LWCP were 2.9 and 4.9, respectively. The PDCAAS value of the LWCP was 128.8% which was significantly higher than those of the ISP and WPI. These results suggest that LWCP appears to be a promising protein source with good biological values and digestibility.

Thioacetamide 유발 급성 간 손상에 대한 모과의 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),이지혜(Ji Hye Lee),박해진(Hae-Jin Park),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

본 실험에서는 thioacetamide(TAA)로 유발한 간 손상 rats에 대한 모과 추출물의 간 보호 효과를 확인하기 위하여 SD rat에게 3일간 TAA 복강투여 및 모과 추출물을 경구 투여하였고, 실험 종료 후 혈액 채취 및 간조직을 적출하였다. 혈액을 이용하여 간 손상 지표, 암모니아 및 MPO의 수치를 확인하였는데, Control군보다 모과 투여군에서 GOT, GPT, 암모니아 및 MPO의 수치가 유의하게 감소하였고, 특히 암모니아는 CF200군에서 Normal군과 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 간조직 western blotting을 통해 NADPH oxidase와 염증성 단백질의 발현을 확인한 결과, 모과 투여군에서 NOX2, p47<SUP>phox</SUP>와 같은 NADPH oxidase의 발현이 감소하였고, 염증 전사인자 NF-κB, IκBɑ와 전염증성 단백질 iNOS, COX-2 및 염증성 사이토카인 TNF-ɑ, IL-1β의 발현이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, H&E staining을 통해 염증 및 간세포의 침윤을 확인한 결과, 모과 투여군에서 세포의 침윤 정도가 크게 감소하여 간 손상이 뛰어나게 완화된 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 모과 추출물은 혈액 내 간 손상 지표인 GOT, GPT 및 과산화 효소의 수치를 감소시켰으며, 산화적 스트레스의 생성을 억제함으로써 염증성 단백질의 발현을 조절하여 TAA로 인한 간 손상을 완화하는 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus extract (CF) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five treatment groups: Normal group (Normal, n=8), TAA-induced with distilled water group (Control, n=8), TAA-induced with silymarin 100 mg/kg group (Silymarin, n=8), TAA-induced with CF 100 mg/kg group (CF100, n=8), and TAA-induced with CF 200 mg/kg group (CF200, n=8). An animal model of acute liver injury was established via an injection of TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight, I.P). Silymarin and CF extracts were administrated (P.O.) simultaneously with TAA for 3 days. Levels of GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), ammonia, and MPO (myeloperoxidase) were assessed in serum, and the expressions of NADPH oxidase and inflammatory related proteins were analyzed by western blot from liver tissue harvested during autopsy. Our results reveal that CF-administration significantly decreases the levels of serum GOT, GPT, ammonia, and MPO, effectively suppresses NADPH oxidase, and down-regulates the expressions of the NF-κB pathway proteins. These results indicate that administration of CF alleviates the liver injury by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and down-regulating the NF-κB pathway.

애엽(艾葉) 추출물이 알코올성 위염에 미치는 효과

이진아,서정복,김진영,신미래,박해진,노성수,Lee, Jin A,Seo, Jeong Bok,Kim, Jin Young,Shin, Mi-Rae,Park, Hae-Jin,Roh, Seong-Soo 대한한방내과학회 2022 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.43 No.4

Objective: Alcohol is known to cause inflammation in the stomach by decreasing the protective substances of the gastric mucosa and increasing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extract (AF) on alcohol-induced gastritis. Methods: The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of AF were confirmed through an in vitro experiment. Radical scavenging activities were confirmed using DPPH and ABTS assays. In vivo experiments were conducted on mice divided into 5 groups (n=8): a normal group (Nor), an alcohol-induced gastritis group (Con), an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 100 mg/kg AF (AFL), and an alcohol-induced gastritis group administered 200 mg/kg AF(AFH). The serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined, and protein expressions were confirmed in gastric tissues. Results: In alcohol-induced gastritis, AF alleviated damage to the gastric mucosa caused by alcohol. AF also decreased the serum ROS levels. Western blots showed that AF decreased the expression of NADPH oxidase and decreased the expression of the NF-κB pathway associated with inflammation. AF also decreased the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine proteins, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins. Conclusions: AF not only reduced oxidative stress in alcohol-induced gastritis, but it also relieved gastric mucosal inflammation by regulating the expression of the NF-κB pathway.

진피-황금 혼합물이 급성 역류성 식도염 흰쥐에 미치는 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh),박해진(Hae-Jin Park) 한국영양학회 2021 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.54 No.3

본 연구에서는 진피-황금 혼합물 (CS)이 급성 역류성 식도염에 미치는 식도 점막 보호 효과를 평가하기 위하여 CS를 경구투여한 후 수술을 통해 역류성 식도염을 유발하였으며, 실험 종료 후 혈액 채취 및 식도 조직을 적출하였다. 동물에게서 적출한 식도 점막의 손상 정도를 육안으로 확인한 결과 CS투여군에서 식도 점막의 손상이 유의하게 감소하였으며, H&E staining을 통해 관찰한 결과 마찬가지로 CS투여군에서 식도 상피의 탈락 및 염증세포의 침윤이 현저하게 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 혈액을 이용하여 역류성 식도염의 원인으로 유효하다고 알려진 ROS의 수치를 확인한 결과, CS투여군에서 ROS 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, western blotting을 통해 NADPH oxidase인 NOX4, p47<SUP>phox</SUP>, p22<SUP>phox</SUP>의 발현을 확인한 결과, 마찬가지로 CS 투여군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 특히 CS200투여군에서 Normal군과 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 또한, CS투여는 염증성 단백질인 MAPK와 NF-κB 경로를 유의적으로 억제하였을 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질인 claudin-1과 claudin-4의 발현을 유의하게 조절한 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 진피-황금 추출물은 산화적 스트레스를 억제함으로써 염증성 단백질의 발현을 조절할 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질의 발현을 조절하여 식도 점막을 보호하는 것으로 판단되나 역류성 식도염은 음식물의 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있는 만큼 추후 동물의 식이 섭취량을 조사하는 등 세부적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Purpose: Reflux esophagitis is a disease caused by the reflux of stomach contents and stomach acid etc. into the esophagus due to defect in the lower esophageal sphincter and is currently increasing worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Citrus Reticulata and Scutellariae Radix (CS) extract on acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups for examination: normal group (Normal, n = 8), water-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (Control, n = 8), tocopherol 30 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (Toco, n = 8), CS 100 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (CS100, n = 8), CS 200 mg/kg body weight-treated acute reflux esophagitis rats (CS200, n = 8). The experimental groups were administrated of each treatment compounds and after 90 min, acute reflux esophagitis was induced through surgery. Rats were sacrificed 5 h after surgery. We measured the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum and analyzed the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, inflammatory, and tight junction-related proteins by western blot in the esophageal tissues. Results: CS administration significantly protected the esophageal mucosal damage due to reflux esophagitis, and the level of ROS in the serum was significantly reduced with CS administration as compared to Control. In addition, CS administration significantly suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and increased protein expressions of tight junction protein. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CS not only regulates the expression of inflammatory proteins by inhibiting oxidative stress, but also reduces damage to the esophageal mucosa by inhibiting the expression of tight junction proteins.

햄프씨드 오일이 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이진아(Jin A Lee),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh),이우락(Woo Rak Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin) 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.4

본 연구에서는 햄프씨드 오일이 고콜레스테롤혈증을 개선시키는 지 확인하기 위하여 Sprague-Dawley rat에 1.25% 콜레스테롤식이를 8주 동안 급여하였으며, 햄프씨드 오일을 두 농도 (저농도, 고농도)로 경구 투여한 후 혈액, 조직 분석을 통하여 지질개선 및 염증 완화 효과를 발휘하는지 분석하였다. 햄프씨드 오일 식이는AMPK/SREBP-2 경로를 경유하여 혈중콜레스테롤의 합성을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, PI3IK/Akt/NF-κB의 경로를 유의하게 억제하여 항염증 효과를 발휘함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 신호전달의 경로는 간 조직에서 지질축적의 감소와도 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 햄프씨드 오일은 고콜레스테롤혈증의 예방 및 치료를 위한 잠재적 후보소재로서 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. Purpose: This study evaluates the potential protective effects of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil supplementation in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods: Rats were fed a 1.25% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, followed by oral administration of either of the two doses of hemp seed oil (HO) (0.5 mL/kg (HOL group) or 1 mL/kg (HOH group) body weight/day) or simvastatin at 10 mg/kg body weight/day. Oxidative stress, lipids, liver enzymes, and renal markers were measured in the serum. Western blot analysis was applied for evaluating the expressions of inflammatory makers. Results: Except for HDL-cholesterol, the altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, urea, and creatine kinases in hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly corrected by HO administration. Especially, compared to the HOH group, HOL treatment further reduced AST, ALT, creatinine, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels. Moreover, both the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor (CRF) in the HOL group were more restrained compared to the HOH group. Increased levels of p-AMPK coincided with the inhibition of SREBP-2 activation which subsequently suppressed the expression of HMGCR. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation coincided with the PI3K/Akt pathway activation and the increased phosphorylation of p38; these levels were significantly suppressed by HO treatment. In addition, HO treatment markedly reversed the changes in chemokines such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. Histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in cardiac and hepatic tissues were ameliorated by HO supplementation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate a low concentration of HO demonstrates improved dysfunctions caused by a high-cholesterol diet via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

강제수영실험을 통한 산수유 추출물의 항피로 효과

이진아(Jin A Lee),신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),노정숙(Jeong Sook Noh),박해진(Hae-Jin Park),노성수(Seong-Soo Roh) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

본 실험에서는 추출방법을 달리한 산수유 물 추출물(CFW)과 산수유 30% 에탄올 추출물(CFE)을 이용해 강제수영부하실험을 실시하여 산수유 추출물의 항피로 효과를 확인하였다. 강제수영부하실험 종료 후 수영시간 변화를 확인하였으며, 혈청을 이용하여 간 손상지표, 신장 손상지표 및 피로관련 지표를 측정하였다. 강제수영부하실험을 실시하여 시료 투여 전과 후의 수영시간을 측정한 결과, CFW군에서 0day 대비 7 days에서 23% 증가한 반면 CFE군에서는 15%감소하였다. 강제수영부하실험에서 CFW군에서 혈중 GOT, GPT 및 BUN 수치가 유의하게 감소하였으며, CFE군에서는 GPT와 BUN 수치가 유의하게 감소하였다. 항피로 관련 지표를 측정한 결과 CFW와 CFE 투여는 가자미근의 글리코겐 수치를 증가시켰으며, 특히 CFW 투여는 고강도 운동으로 증가한 LDH에 의해 D-lactate의 농도가 증가하는 것을 유의하게 억제하여 근피로를 경감시켰다. 또한, CFW군과 CFE군에서 혈중의 암모니아 수치가 유의하게 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, CFW 및 CFE 투여는 고강도 운동으로 인한 지방 소모로 TG 및 FFA의 수치를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 산수유 추출물은 항피로 효과를 나타냈으며, 특히 산수유 30% 에탄올 추출물보다 산수유물 추출물에서 더 뛰어난 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 산수유물 추출물은 피로 관련 인자를 조절하여 피로 개선 효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 피로 개선을 위한 주요 소재가 될 것이라 판단된다. This study examined the effects of Corni Fructus administration on the exercise performance and fatigue accumulation in the forced swimming test (FST). The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups: water-treated FST (control), 500 mg/kg of red ginseng-treated FST (RG), 500 mg/kg of water extract of Corni Fructus-treated FST(CFW), and 500 mg/kg of 30% EtOH extract of Corni Fructus-treated FST (CFE). After FST, an autopsy was performed, and the soleus muscle and serum were collected. The experimental result show that the running time increased in the CFW. In addition, the soleus muscle showed that glycogen was increased by CFW and CFE. Furthermore, CFW significantly regulated GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), ammonia, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), D-lactate, TG (triglyceride), and FFA (free fatty acid) in serum. On the other hand, CFE regulated the above factors but not significantly. Overall, CFW and CFE in FST are considered effective in preventing fatigue by controlling the liver enzyme, kidney enzyme, and fatigue-related factors, and the CFW is considered to be more effective than CFE.

천련자(川練子)가 만성 역류성 식도염 흰쥐에 미치는 효과

이진아 ( Jin A Lee ),신미래 ( Mi-rae Shin ),최정원 ( Jeong Won Choi ),노성수 ( Seong-soo Roh ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

Objective : Reflux esophagitis (RE), one of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a disease that causes inflammation due to reflux of stomach contents such as stomach acid and pepsin due to the unstable gastroesophageal sphincter, and is currently increasing worldwide. The currently used treatment for reflux esophagitis has various side effects. Therefore, in this study the effect of Toosendan Fructus extract on chronic acid reflux esophagitis in rats was evaluated in order to find a new treatment material for reflux treatment. Methods : After inducing reflux esophagitis through surgery, the group was separated and the drug was administered for 2 weeks; Normal rats (Normal, n=8), chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (Control, n=8), Toosendan Fructus 200 ㎎/㎏ body weight/day-treated chronic acid reflux esophagitis rats (TF, n=8). After, we were taken esophageal tissue and esophageal mucosa damage was identified, and analyzed the expression of NADPH oxidase, AP-1/MAPK-related proteins, and tight junction proteins by western blot in esophageal tissue. Results : Toosendan Fructus administration significantly protected the esophageal mucosal damage of reflux esophagitis. Also, Toosendan Fructus significantly reduced the expression of NADPH oxidases (NOX2 and p22^phox) and AP-1/MAPK-related proteins (c-Fos, c-Jun, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK). In addition, it significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-3, and Claudin-4). Conclusions : These results suggest that Toosendan Fructus reduced damage to the esophageal mucosa by protecting the esophageal mucosa by upregulating tight junctions proteins as well as inhibiting the AP-1/MAPK pathway through reducing NADPH oxidases expression.

목과(木瓜)추출물이 급성 간손상 흰쥐에 미치는 효과

이진아,신미래,이지혜,노성수,Lee, Jin A,Shin, Mi-Rae,Lee, Ji Hye,Roh, Seong-Soo 대한한방내과학회 2021 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) water extract on thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: one normal group (n=8) and four with TAA-induced hepatic injury. These treatment groups were administered distilled water (n=8); silymarin 100 mg/kg (n=8); CF 100 mg/kg (n=8); and CF 200 mg/kg (n=8). In the TAA groups, the acute liver injury was induced via IP injection (200 mg/kg), and the silymarin and CF extract were then orally administered for three days. Subsequently, serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia were confirmed as well as protein expressions using liver tissue. Results: In the liver injury-induced rats, CF administration reduced tissue damage and serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia. In addition, CF increased the anti-oxidant proteins Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and catalase and significantly regulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). Conclusions: In this animal model of liver injury induced by TAA, CF extract is determined to have a hepatoprotective effect by increasing anti-oxidant proteins that relieve damage and by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases.

대황-황금 혼합물이 만성 역류성 식도염에 미치는 효과

이진아,오민혁,신미래,노성수,박해진,Lee, Jin A,Oh, Min Hyuck,Shin, Mi-Rae,Roh, Seong-Soo,Park, Hae-Jin 한국생약학회 2022 생약학회지 Vol.53 No.1