직업적 폭로가 없는 일부 남성의 혈액 및 뇨중 카드뮴 함량

이용학(Yong Hag Lee),박종안(Jong An Park),이석기(Seok Ki Lee),장봉기(Bong Ki Jang),손부순(Bu Soon Son),이종화(Jong Hwa Lee) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

In order to determine the blood and urine cadmium levels among male Korean, we collected blood and urine samples from 365 men in Choongcheong province without occupational exposure to cadmium. The blood and urine cadmium levels were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The summarized results were as follows. ① The average cadmium levels of subjects were 0.96±0.40㎍/ℓ(GM: 0.88±1.47㎍/ℓ, Range: 0.31∼2.69㎍/ℓ) in blood, and 0.86±0.63㎍/ℓ(GM: 0.69±1.97㎍/ℓ, Range: 0.07∼4.26㎍/ℓ) in urine. ② Blood cadmium levels were significantly correlated to urine cadmium levels(r=0.419). ③ Blood and urine cadmium levels were significantly increased with increase of age and the number of cigarette smoked per day(p<0.001). ④ Blood and urine cadmium levels for drinking group were significantly higher than that for non-drinking group(p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). ⑤ Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of cigarette smoked per day contributed to blood and urine cadmium level (p<0.001), and age contributed to urine cadmium level (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively).

다핵방향조탄화수소류에 노출된 페인트 취급 근로자에서 요 중 1-Hydroxypyrene을 이용한 생물학적 모니터링

이종성 ( Jong Seong Lee ),김은아 ( Eun A Kim ),이용학 ( Yong Hag Lee ),문덕환 ( Deog Hwan Moon ),김광종 ( Kwang Jong Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To investigate the exposure effect of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we measured airborne total PAHs as an external dose, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an internal dose of PAHs exposure, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and PAHs exposure. The study population contained 44 workers in steel-pipe coating and paint manufacture industries. The airborne PAHs was obtained during survey day, and urine were sampled at the end of shift. Personal information on age, body weight, height, eniployment duration, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Airborne PAHs were analyzed by the gas chromatograph with mass selective detector. Urinary 1-OHP levels were analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatograph with ultraviolet wavelength detector. For statistical estimation, t-test, X-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, arid regression analysis were executed by SPSS/PC (Windows version 10). The mean of environmental total PAHs was 87.8±7.81 ㎍/m3. The mean concentration (526.5±2.85 ㎍/m3) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries using coal tar enamel was the higher than that (17.5±3.36 ㎍/m3) of workers in paint manufacture industries using coal tar paint. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration (51.63±3.144 μ mol/mol creatinine) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries was the higher than that (2.334.±709 μ mol/mol creatinine) of workers in paint manufacture industries. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration of smokers was the higher than that of non-smokers. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the environmental concentration of PAHs (r=O.S48, p<0.001), pyrene(r=0.859, p<0.001), and urinary cotinine (r=0.324, p<0.05). The regression equation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP in μg/g creatinine(C(1-OHP)) and airborne concentration of PAHs (or pyrene) in μg/m3 (C(PAHs) or Cpyrene) is: Log (C(1-OHP))=-0.650+0.889×Log(C(PAHs)), where R2=0.694 arid n=38 for p<0.001. Log (C(1-OHP))=1.087+0.707×Log(Cpyrene), where R2=0.713 arid n=38 for p<0.001. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about 1-OHP, significant independents were total PAHs and urinary cotinine (adjusted R2=0.743, p<0.001). In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the airborne concentration of PAHs. The urinary 1-OHP was effective index as a biomarker of airborne PAHs in workplace. But it was influenced by non-occupational PAHs source, smoking.

방역작업자의 브롬화메틸(methyl bromide) 노출수준과 생물학적 모니터링

이종성,이용학,신재훈,최정근,오차재,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to estimate environmental and biological monitoring of worker exposed to methyl bromide through quarantine fumigation. Airborne methyl bromide and it's metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography and ion chromatography, respectively. The results are as followings; airborne concentration of methyl bromide(TWA) was 2.08±1.56 ppm(N=8). Dispersion and setting/degas groups were 0.67±0.12 ppm(N=2) and 2.54±1.53ppm(N=6), respectively. Bromide ion concentration in serum was 23.40±14.91㎎/ℓ(N=10) in the exposed workers and 4.74±0.82㎎/ℓ(N=21) in the non-exposed workers. Bromide ion concentration in urine was 35.56±26.89㎎/ℓ(N=11) in exposed group and 6.62±2.31㎎/ℓ(N=21) in non-exposed group. Good correlation was observed between concentration of serum and urine(r^2=0.890 p<0.01). No significant correlations of other determinanats were observed. Calcuated from a regressive curve. the biological half lifes of serum and urine were 10.7 and 5.9 days. In these results, biological monitoring of bromide ion of serum and urine provided useful information for evaluating exposure of workers to methyl bromide, so that an availability of bromide ion of biological samples was showed as biological monitoring indices for methyl bromide.

코크스오븐 작업자들의 코크스오븐배출물 및 다핵방향족탄화수소 노출에 관한 연구

이동환,최정근,권은혜,이용학,오정룡 한국산업위생학회 2000 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Coke-oven workers are regularly exposed to cake oven emissions(COE), which consist primarily of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and volatile organic components. This study assessed the exposure of coke-oven workers to COE and PAH. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Among the 136 samples on cake-oven workers 33.1% exceeded the occupational exposure limit to the Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles(0.2 ㎎l㎥) established by the Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH). 2. The cake-oven workers were classified into twelve job categories and there was statistically significant difference among the airborne concentrations of COE and PAH in twelve job categories(p$lt;0.001). 3. There was na significant difference of the airborne concentrations of COE between NIOSH method and OSHA method applied. 4. There was a significant correlation between the airborne concentrations of total PAH and COE(r=0.733, P$lt;0,01). 5. The percentage of naphthalene in total PAH was 55.9% and the highest among those of 16 PAHs. There was a significant correlation between the airborne concentrations of naphthalene and total PAH(r=0.90, p$lt;0.01) and this study recommends naphthalene as the index component of PAH.

폐암 발생 용접공의 유해물질 노출 평가 및 폐암 원인에 관한 고찰

신용철,박정선,최정근,이나루,이광용,권은혜,정호근,박승현,이용학,유기호 한국산업위생학회 2000 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this case study is to report a case of lung cancer with exposure to welding fumes of welders in Korea and to demonstrate the causal relationship with exposure to welding fumes, especially with nickel and hexavalent chromium. The case is 47 years old, and had been engaged in welding, gas cutting, grinding and goosing on mild, stainless steel and nickel steel for 11 years from 1982 to 1993, and have been engaged in cleaning steel rollers with a cleaning oil in the same work shop since 1993. The level of welding fume exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 5㎎/㎥ established by the Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Especially, detectable hexavalent chromium and nickel was generated during welding, gousing on stainless and nickel steel. However, there was no ventilation systems(local and dilution) and no personal protection. There is several evidence that the past (1983-1993) exposure would be higher than the present. In conclusion, the lung case could be associated with his task including welding, gousing, and this association could be attributed to carcinogenic potential of the nickel and chromium in the fume.

EDXRF에 의한 용접흄 중의 중금속의 비파괴 정량

박승현,정지연,유장진,이나루,유일재,송경석,이용학,한정희,김성진,박정선,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The EDXRF(energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec=trometer) technique was applied to the determination of heavy metals in welding fume. The EDXRF method designed in this study was a non-destructive analysis method. Samples were analyzed directly by EDXRF without any pre-treatment such as digestion and dilution. The samples used to evaluate such as digestion and dilution. the samples used to evaluate this method were laboratory samples exposed in a chamber connected with a welding fume generator. The samples were first analyzed using a non-destructive EDXRF method. The samples subsequently were analyzed using AAS method to verify accuracy of the EDXRF method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the non-destructive analysis of heavy metals in welding fume by EDXRF. The results of this study were as follow: 1. When the samples were collected under the open-face sampling condition, a surface distribution of welding fume particles on sample filters was uniform, which made non-destructive analysis possible. 2. The method was statistically evaluated according to the NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and HSE(Health and Safety Executive) Method. 3. The overall precision of the EDXRF method was calculated at 3.45% for Cr, 2.57% for Fe and 3.78% for Mn as relative standard deviation(RSD), respectively. The limits of detection were calculated at 0.46 ㎍/sample for Cr, 0.20 ㎍/sample for Fe and 1.14 ㎍/sample for Mn, respectively. 4. A comparison between the results of Cr, Fe, Mn analyzed by EDXRF and AAS was made in order to assess the accuracy of EDXRF method. The correlation coefficient between the results of EDXRF and AAS was 0.9985 for cr, 0,995 for Fe and 0.9982 for Mn, respectively. The overall uncertainty was determined to be ±12.31% , 8.64% and 11.91% for Cr, Fe and Mn, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that Cr, Fe, Mn in welding fume were successfully analyzed by the EDXRF without any sample pre-treatment such as digestion and dilution and a good correlation between the results of EDXRF and AAS was obtained. It was thus possible to use the EDXRF technique as an analysis method of working environment samples. The EDXRF method was an efficient method in a non-destructive analysis of heavy metals in welding fume.