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이연숙(Yi Yeonsook) 한국인물사연구소 2012 한국인물사연구 Vol.17 No.-
Doosoo Yoon (1533~l602) passed the state examination in 1558 (the 13th year of King Myeongjong), and worked as a central figure of the political world through the Myeongjong and Seonjo periods. When the maternal relatives of the King during the Myeongjong period became powerful courtiers one by one to decide the political situation arbitrarily, he gradually strengthened the political position of the classical scholars opposing these powerful courtiers. In the early Seonjo period, under the great propositions of settlement of royal in-law politics and establishment of new political order, he expelled remnants of the Small Yoons powers in full measure and acted as a driving force for the party of classical scholars to lead the political situation. After the split of East and West political parties, he also played an active part as an influential figure of Western Party by sharing the political stance with personages like Uigyum Sim, Gyehwi Kim. Doosoo Yoon also attended on the King from beginning to end throughout the time when the royal carriage departed the capital city and arrived in Uiju by way of Pyeongyang, and then again returned to the capital city from Uiju during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and took care of the office work and the current issues of Haengjo(行卓月) during that time. The most important issue during the time when the royal carriage was getting from the capital city to Uiju was the request for military reinforcement from the Ming Dynasty as well as Seonjos entering and clinging to Yodong. In regards to the request for the military reinforcement from the Ming Dynasty, Doosoo Yoon opposed it at first for fear of the aftereffect of military expedition of the Ming Dynasty, however, as the progress of the battle got pressing, he took the opinions of ministers such as Seongryong Yoo and Hangbok Yi and requested for the military reinforcement. As for Seonjo's entering and clinging to Yodong, he sometimes soothed and curried flavor with Seonjo together with most ministers, and other times he opposed stoutly. Doosoo Yoon argued against peace in response to the double measure of harmony and war by the Ming Dynasty in the latter part of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and raised the deciding war argument while working in a crown prince's camp built by the split of the Royal Court and carried it into effect with Geoje pincer movement. Nevertheless, it ended as a defeat due to the reckless attack. Since then, the deciding war argument could not even be brought up any more, and Doosoo Yoon could not take part in the affairs of a militant nation and suffered a heavy blow in his political life by being dismissed from office in a few months after having been appointed as the prime minister of the Joseon dynasty because of Yangsa's persistent impeachment.
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김나래 ( Kim Narae ),김석영 ( Kim Sokyong ),박종한 ( Park Jonghan ),손남호 ( Sohn Namho ),신원철 ( Shin Wonchul ),이미경 ( Lee Mikyoung ),이연숙 ( Yi Yeonsook ) 한국중국어문학회 2016 中國文學 Vol.88 No.-
본고는 중국(PRC) 지역에서 간행된 외국어로서의 중국어(CFL) 교육용 교재의 분포에 대한 보고와 교재 개발 현황에 대한 분석을 시도한 논문이다. 이를 위해 본고는 중국 국가 도서관(中國國家圖書館)을 통해 수집된 도서 목록에서 외국어로서의 중국어 교육용 교재 4126권을 분석하였다. 주제별 분석의 결과 통번역 교재, 뉴스 관련 교재, 노래나 게임 중심 교재, 비(非)HSK 시험 관련 교재 개발이 저조하고, 비즈니스 중국어 교재가 대부분인 목적서 전체의 비율도 9.02%에 그치고 있어 개혁개방 이후 중국어 교육 30여 년의 역사에서 아직까지는 특수목적 중국어(CSP) 교재나 학문목적 중국어(CAP) 교재의 개발은 미진한 것으로 파악되었다. 영역별로는 쓰기 교재의 비중이 특히 낮았으며, 특수목적 혹은 학문목적(CAP)의 쓰기 교재는 아예 개발된 적이 없어 전반적으로 범용(general purposes) 언어 교육에 치우쳐 있음을 알 수 있다. 수준별 분포는 전체적으로 초급 교재가 절반 이상을 차지하고 있고 중고급으로 갈수록 줄어드는 우하향 패턴을 보이는데, 말하기 교재, 한자와 발음 교재가 우하향 패턴을 보인 반면, 읽기 교재, 어휘와 문법 교재, 문화 교재는 우상향 패턴을 보였다. 이는 수준이 올라갈수록 교수 내용의 중심이 말하기, 한자, 발음에서 읽기, 어휘, 문법, 문화로 이동하고 있음을 의미한다. 교수대상별 분포는 초중등학생에게 특화된 교재가 7.73%에 불과한 점이 두드러지는데, 아동중국어(CYL) 교육에 있어서는 아직까지 교재 개발이나 교수 모델 개발이 저조한 편이며, 2000년대 이후로 작은 폭이지만 꾸준한 증가 추세를 보이고 있어 앞으로의 귀추가 주목된다. 이상의 분석을 종합하면 중국의 중국어 교재는 전반적으로 아직 CSP, CAP, CYL 분야의 교재 개발이 저조한 상황으로 분석된다. 다만 2000년대 이후에는 이 영역의 교재들이 꾸준히 개발되고 있고, 작은 양이나마 증가 추세를 보이고 있다는 점에서 앞으로 중국어 교재 연구가 이 점에 더 주목할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. This study aims to report and examine the current status of instructional materials of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) that have been published in China (PRC). The authors analyzed 4126 CFL textbooks searched on the website of the National Library of China. As for the purposes of the materials, a lack of development is observed in the textbooks for interpretation/translation, news-based materials, materials based on songs/games and the test preparation materials for non-HSK exams. The entire proportion of Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) materials, of which Chinese for Business Purposes (CBP) is the majority, is also only 9.02%, which means that the development of materials for CSP or Chinese for Academic Purpose (CAP) has not been active during the 30-year history of CFL education since the `Reforms and Opening up`. Regarding the skills covered, the proportion of writing materials was particularly low and no writing textbook was ever identified for CSP or CAP, which indicates that the CFL education in China has centered on the teaching of Chinese for General Purposes (CGP). In terms of the levels, more than half of the overall materials were intended for beginners. Specifically, materials for speaking, Chinese characters and pronunciation follow this right-skewed distribution but those for reading, vocabulary/grammar and cultural topics show the opposite, i.e., left-skewed distribution. This means that the focus of CFL instruction shifts from speaking, characters and pronunciation to reading, vocabulary/grammar and culture in the more advanced levels. Another notable point is that the materials aimed at elementary to middle school students only account for 7.73%, which implies the lack of activity to develop educational materials or instructional models for Chinese for Young Learners (CYL). However, future trend is worth noting because a slight but steady increase in CYL materials is detected since the 2000`s. To sum up, among the CFL instructional materials released in China to date, CSP, CAP or CYL materials have been underdeveloped. As the publication of these materials, however, has been on a small but continuous increase since the 2000`s, it seems to deserve more attention in the future research on CFL textbooks.
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