Stoffenmanager nano 컨트롤 밴딩 도구 이해와 나노물질 합성 및 포장 공정 적용 연구

이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ),안정호 ( Jung Ho Ahn ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to better understand the conceptual model and Stoffenmanager nano module and apply it to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials. Methods: Site visits were conducted to five nanomaterial production processes. Product and exposure variables were investigated in these workplaces. Hazard banding and exposure classification of the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials were conducted using documents and the website of Stoffenmanager Nano. Results: The five sites featured different products, packing tasks, ventilation and local exhaust, and others. The hazards for nano-nickel and copper were classified as E. The hazards for both fumed silica and indium tin oxide were classified as D. The hazard for spherical silica was classified as C. The exposure classes in the synthesis process of nanomaterials ranged from 2 through 4. The exposure classes in the packing process of nanomaterials ranged from 1 through 4. Conclusions: Application of Stoffenmanager nano to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials helped to better understand the control level of the work environment and to suggest appropriate actions. The comparison of each process showed the effect of the production process and handling of solids and ventilation on exposure class.

석면 해체,제거 작업에서 사용되는 장비의 성능 기준에 관한 고찰

이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: Asbestos fibers are accumulated in negative pressure unit(NPU) or vacuum cleaner in asbestos removal. Failure of operation or poor use performance of the NPU or vacuum cleaner causes asbestos fibers to spread in the air. Asbestos contractors should have an NPU fitted with a HEPA , vacuum cleaner, decontamination area, respirators, wetting equipment, and differential pressure manometer to register with the Ministry of Employment and Labor. There should be performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. But there are none such criteria used in asbestos removal. This study was performed to investigate international or national performance criteria of equipment used in asbestos removal. Methods: Regulations, approved code of practice, guidance and national standards of the UK, USA and Korea were reviewed. A survey was done to investigate the requirements for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea. Results: Air flow of NPUs used in Korea usually covers from 500 ㎥/h to over 3000 ㎥/h. Some requirements for NPUs used in Korea were missing compared to the requirements of British standards for NPUs. All NPUs have different missing requirements. The UK also has separate British standard for leak tests for NPUs. Highly hazardous class vacuum cleaners should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. It has national standards on the operation of vacuum cleaners used in asbestos removal. There is only a certification system for less than 2.5kw rated voltage vacuum cleaners for home use in Korea. Powered(-assisted) respirators with mask are recommended in asbestos removal. Type 5 coveralls should be used in asbestos removal in the UK. There are international standards for requirements and leak tests of type 5 coveralls. A manometer for measuring differential pressure is needed in asbestos removal. The manometer`s measuring range should cover less than ±125 Pa and the gradation of manometer should be less than 2.5 Pa. The definition of decontamination area should be corrected. Installation of airlock and minimum area should be considered in decontamination area. Conclusions: Equipment should be used in asbestos removal proper performance and no leaks. There should be a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal. This study can help to a certification system for equipment used in asbestos removal in Korea.

국내 시판 중인 활성탄을 이용한 벤젠, 톨루엔, 아세톤 및 노말 헥산의 탈착 및 저장성 평가 연구

이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ),이광용 ( Gwang Yong Yi ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate desorption efficiency and storage stability on activated carbon acquired form domestic market. Materials: Mixture of acetone, benzene, normal hexane and toluene was injected on four types of charcoal 100 ㎎. After overnight, charcoal was desorbed by carbon disulfide 1 ㎖ and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Results: Desorption efficiency of benzene, normal hexane and toluene in charcoal tubes were 95% ∼ 105%. But desorption efficiency of acetone in charcoal tubes was below 75% and different from types of charcoal. The more injected amount of acetone on charcoal showed higher desorption efficiency. Acetone injected on charcoal tubes migrated from front section into back section after 10 days storage at room temperature. Conclusions: Desorption efficiency and storage stability of activated carbon acquired from domestic market was good for benzene, normal hexane and toluene. The activated carbon acquired from domestic market has ability to be used as sampling media.

휴대용 근적외선 분황분석기를 이용한 비침투 혈당 측정

강나루(Na Roo Kang),우영아(Young Ah Woo),차봉수(Bong Soo Cha),이현철(Hyun Chul Lee),김효진(Hyo Jin Kim) 대한약학회 2002 약학회지 Vol.46 No.5

The purpose of this study is to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measurement method by a portable near infrared (NIR) system which was newly integrated by our lab. The portable NIR system includes a tungsten halogen lamp, a specialized reflectance fiber optic probe and a photo diode array type InGaAs detector, which was developed by a microchip technology based on the lithography: Reflectance NIR spectra of different parts of human body (finger tip, earlobe, and inner lip) were recorded by using a fiber optic probe. The spectra were collected over the spectral range 1100~1740 nm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied for the calibration and validation for the determination of blood glucose. The calibration model from earlobe spectra presented better results, showing good correlation with a glucose oxidase method which is a mostly used standard method. This model predicted the glucose concentration for validation set with a SEP of 33 mg/Dl. This study indicated the feasibility for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose by a portable near ifrared system.

석유계 솔벤트를 사용하는 세탁소 작업자의 노출평가

정지연 ( Jee Yeon Jeong ),이광용 ( Gwang Young Yi ),이병규 ( Byung Kyu Lee ),이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ),김봉년 ( Bong Yeon Kim ),김광종 ( Kwang Jong Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In previous report, we presented that petroleum based solvents used in dry cleaning shop was almost similar to Stoddard solvent defined by ACGIH and NIOSH, and the occupational exposure standard of Stoddard solvent could be used in total exposure assessment of those solvents. The specific aim of the this study was to evaluate of the solvent exposure used in commercial dry cleaning shops by using occupational exposure standard of stoddard solvent. We conducted first survey of 8 self-employed dry cleaning shops and 5 factory type dry cleaning shops from July to August, and second survey of the same shops from October to November in 2002. The exposure concentration to the solvent during loading and unloading activity of vented dry cleaning machine was 489.2ppm(GM), 270.3ppm(GM), respectively, which was almost excursion limit(500ppm) of ACGIH, and exceed the ceiling limit(312ppm) of NIOSH. The time-weighted average (TWA) worker exposure to the solvent was 21.3ppm(GM) at self-employed shops. 20.7ppm(GM) at factory type shops on first survey, and 31.1ppm(GM), 33.7ppm(GM), respectively on second survey. The TWA exposure concentration of workers with spotting and cleaning machine operating job was 25.34ppm(GM), which wad 2.9 times higher than the TWA exposure concentration, 8.8ppm(GM) of press workers. All TWA exposure concentrations was lower than OEL(100ppm) of stoddard solvent. We found that the most heavy exposure process at dry cleaning was loading, unloading process, and the vent of dry cleaning machine was the main emission source for workers exposure to petroleum based solvent.

First Year Report of Analytical Proficiency Testing Program for Industrial Hygiene Laboratories

Dong Uk Park(박동욱),Yong Chull Shin(신용철),Na Roo Lee(이나루),Se Min Oh(오세민),Kyu Chull Chung(정규철),Doo Yong Park(박두용) 대한직업환경의학회 1993 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

한국 산업위생 정도관리의 발전방안 -인정제도 적용필요성 검토-

노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),김현욱 ( Hyun Wook Kim ),박용규 ( Young Kyu Park ),조기홍 ( Ki Hong Cho ),안규동 ( Kyu Dong Ahn ),원정일 ( Jung Il Won ),정지연 ( Jee Yeon Jeong ),이나루 ( Na Roo Lee ),박종세 ( Jon 한국산업보건학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1

우리나라 중소기업 도금공정 근로자의 크롬 및 세척제 폭로에 관한 연구

이홍근,정문식,이경희,백남원,이나루,윤충식,정희경 한국산업위생학회 1993 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Worker exposures to total chromium, hexavalent chromium (VI), sulfuric acid and alkaline dust at electroplating operations and worker exposures to trichloroethylene (TCE) and methyl chloroform (MCM) at degreasing operations in eleven small industrial plants were evaluated. Appropriate local exhaust ventilation systems for both operations were designed and recommended. Results of the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Out of 134 measurements for airborne hexavalent chromium concentrations, seven were exceeding the Korean occupational health standard of 50 ㎍/㎥ and 45 were exceeding the NIOSH standard of I ㎍/㎥. With an exception of one measurement, concentrations of total chromium were below the Korean standard of 500 ㎍/㎥. 2. Worker exposures to chromium were closely related to the existing control methods at the electroplating operations. Local exhaust systems, partial coverage of the tank surface, and antifoaming agents on liquid surface were adopted as control methods. 3. With an exception of one sample, airborne concentrations of sulfuric acid and alkaline dusts were below the applicable occupational health standards. 4. Three plants indicated that airborne concentrations of TCE and MCM were exceeding the Korean standards. Other plants showed lower concentrations than the standards. It should be noted that, generally, the activities and workloads on the day of surveys were less than normal. 5. Since the most existing ventilation systems did not satisfy the ACGIH criteria, the ventilation systems should be improved. Some examples for designing appropriate ventilation systems are presented.

활성탄관법을 이용한 공기중 이황화탄소 농도 측정법에 관한 연구

백남원,이나루 한국산업위생학회 1993 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the charcoal tube sampling method for carbon disulfide in the air. Breakthrough was investigated according to flow rate, sampling time and air volume. Also the storage stability by storage method and time was investigated. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The samples stored at room temperature (28.2℃), refrigerator (3.8℃) and freezer (-15.6℃) were analyzed every week to five weeks. At one week storage at room temperature, 3.5% of CS₂ in the front section of the charcoal tube migrated into the back section and 57.7% at five weeks. The amount of CS₂ in the back section of the charcoal increased continuously by storage time. Migration of CS₂ was slow at refrigerator, and stopped occur at freezer. Recovery rate CS₂ was 52-82% at room temperature and 92-101% at refrigerator, based on the amount at freezer as a reference value. Thus loss was observed at room temperature. 2. When 6-48 L of fresh air were passed through tubes with spiked amounts of 0.379 and 0.759㎎ sample, the amounts of CS₂ is the back section of charcoal were 5.7-132.4 and 0-92% of the amount in the front section, respectively. The total recovery rates of CS₂ from 0.379 and 0.759㎎ spiked sample were 35.7-101.0% and 91.3-100.1%, respectively. CS₂ loss was observed in 0.379㎎ spiked sample, but not in 0.759㎎ spiked sample. In the spiked samples, the amount of CS₂ in the back section of charcoal was not affected by flow rate when the air volume was controlled. The amount of CS₂ in the back section of charcoal increased over sampling time. And the faster the flow rate, the more the migration amount when the sampling time was the same. 3. A known concentration, 10 ppm of CS₂, was produced in a 200 L Tedlar bag. When the air volume was 24, 36, 48 L, breakthrough was 5.8, 16.9, 47.4%, respectively. The sampling flow rate of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 Lpm did not change the breakthrough rate. Breakthrough increased over sampling time. And the faster the flow rate, the more the breakthrough, when the sampling time was the same.

폐암 발생 용접공의 유해물질 노출 평가 및 폐암 원인에 관한 고찰

신용철,박정선,최정근,이나루,이광용,권은혜,정호근,박승현,이용학,유기호 한국산업위생학회 2000 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this case study is to report a case of lung cancer with exposure to welding fumes of welders in Korea and to demonstrate the causal relationship with exposure to welding fumes, especially with nickel and hexavalent chromium. The case is 47 years old, and had been engaged in welding, gas cutting, grinding and goosing on mild, stainless steel and nickel steel for 11 years from 1982 to 1993, and have been engaged in cleaning steel rollers with a cleaning oil in the same work shop since 1993. The level of welding fume exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 5㎎/㎥ established by the Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Especially, detectable hexavalent chromium and nickel was generated during welding, gousing on stainless and nickel steel. However, there was no ventilation systems(local and dilution) and no personal protection. There is several evidence that the past (1983-1993) exposure would be higher than the present. In conclusion, the lung case could be associated with his task including welding, gousing, and this association could be attributed to carcinogenic potential of the nickel and chromium in the fume.