오일샌드 기술(技術)의 특허정보(特許) 분석(分析)

이기봉,전상구,노남선,김광호,신대현,이흥연,Lee, Ki-Bong,Jeon, Sang-Goo,Nho, Nam-Sun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Shin, Dae-Hyun,Lee, Heoung-Yeoun 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.1

오일샌드는 원유성분이 함유되어 있는 모래로 종전에는 높은 생산비용으로 인하여 큰 관심을 받지 못했지만, 최근 초고유가 시대를 맞아 새로운 대체 원유로서 세계적으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 오일샌드로부터 합성원유 생산과 관련되어 한국을 포함하여 미국, 캐나다, 일본, 유럽, 중국에서 공개된 출원특허를 대상으로 분석하였고, 전체기술을 채굴, 추출, 개질, 연료화, 기타 기술로 나누어 세부기술 분석을 실시하였다. 오일샌드로부터 합성원유 생산 기술에 관한 특허는 1969년에 첫 출원이 이루어진 후, 꾸준히 출원건수를 보이고 있으며 특히 국제유가변동 추이에 출원건수가 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 미국과 캐나다 특허의 점유율이 전체의 약 90%로 오일샌드 기술을 주도하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 전체 기술 특허 중 추출 기술과 채굴 기술이 77% 이상을 차지하여 가장 활발한 활동을 보였지만, 2000년대 이후에는 출원건수가 감소하거나 일정한 양상을 보이고 있다. 반면, 개질 기술은 출원건수가 최근 들어 증가하고 있는데. 이는 근래에 관련 기술 중 개질 기술에 대한 연구가 활발함을 나타내고 있다. Oil sands are sands containing bitumen similar to crude petroleum. Oil sands had not received enough interest because of the high production cost. However, in the current record-high oil price situation, oil sands are considered as new sources for unconventional oil. In this study, patents analysis was performed for the technologies of production of synthetic crude oil from oil sands. The patents covered were open patents applied in Korea, US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and China. The patents were divided into five detailed technologies; mining and in-situ, extraction, upgrading, fuelling, and other technologies. For oil sands technologies, there have been steady patent applications, since the first patent was applied in 1969. The number of patents applied appeared to be affected by the variation of world oil price. The portion of patents applied in US and Canada was about 90% of the overall patents and it means 05 and Canada have led oil sands technologies. Mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction have been developed actively and occupied more than 77% of the overall patents. However, the number of patents applied for mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction has been constant or started to decrease since 2000. The number of patents applied for upgrading technologies increases recently and it shows the development of upgrading technologies is active now.

포항 방사광가속기(PLS) 설치계획 및 전망

이기봉,Lee, Gi-Bong 한국동위원소협회 1991 동위원소회보 Vol.6 No.2

대응출력 200마력 선박용 과급기에 의한 디젤기관의 배출특성 연구

이기봉(Kibong Lee),이원욱(Wonuk Lee),이민형(Minhyoung Lee),이치우(Chiwoo Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

This is a thesis about the experiment of comparison characteristic of exhaust gas in the same condition between diesel engine that is equipped response power 200HP turbocharger to increase effectiveness of the engine which is recently used in a lot of industry which requires high power. Resulting of the experiment with natural aspiration diesel engine and turbocharger diesel engine, difference in low speed is not significant, but in high speed, effectiveness of turbocharger diesel engine is much higher than the other one. In other hand, in exhaust gas experiment, turbocharger model exhausts more NOX and O2, but it doesn’t significantly affect the result when it comes with decreasing of CO2 and effectiveness of increased power characteristic. As a result, the turbocharger diesel engine is economically effective comparing with the natural aspiration diesel engine.

복합건물의 에너지관리를 위한 관제점 설정에 관한 연구

이기봉(Ki-Bong Lee),강민석(Min-Suk Kang),전상훈(Sang-Hoon Chun),최명인(Myung-In Choi),이건우(Kun-woo Lee),조동호(Dong-Ho Cho),이태원(Tae-Won Lee) 대한설비공학회 2011 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.7

The building and energy management system(BEMS) is one of the very powerful tool for proposing a resonable plan to reduce building energy consumption and for efficient operation of various building service equipments. BEMS requires generally so many sensors and informations gathered by it, such as electric power, gas flow, steam flow, liquid flow, temperatures and pressures and so on, to yield the energy consumption level of buildings and the performance of equipments. In this study the monitoring and control points for D-CUBE City, a test bed for actual application of the BEMS developed, were selected, and remarkable research activities on BEMS will be performed in the near future.

헤어미용사 전문성 평가척도 개발을 위한 실증적 연구

이기봉(Lee, Kee-Bong),김영희(Kim, Young-Hee) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.12

본 연구는 Lee(2015)의 질적 연구에 대한 후속연구로, 전문가 집단이 아닌 실무자들을 대상으로 양적연구를 진행하 여 평가척도의 타당성을 실증할 필요가 있었다. 이에 따라 예비조사의 탐색적 요인분석을 진행한 결과 오분류 및 이상치를 나타낸 12개의 문항을 삭제하였으며, 그 결과 연구자가 잠정적으로 설정한 요인구조와 대체로 부합하는 결과(75문항)를 나 타냈다. 이후 확인적 요인분석을 진행하기 위해 연구자가 설정한 요인들을 단계별로 투입한 4단계 구조방정식 모형에 대한 검증을 진행하였다. 그 결과 연구자가 설정한 요인이 추가되면서 점차 모형적합도가 향상되는 결과를 나타냈으며, 최종적으 로 연구자가 설정한 헤어미용사 전문성 구인화 모형에 부합하는 결과로 나타났다. 한편 본 평가척도는 자기평정방식을 채택 하였기 때문에, 자기반성을 통한 전문성 향상을 유도할 수 있으며, 상급자의 주관적 판단이 아닌 객관적인 전문성 측정이 가능하여 합리적인 직급체계를 정립할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. As a follow-up research of a qualitative study conducted by Lee(2015), this study needed to carry out a quantitative research targeting not a group of experts but of working-level staff and verify the validity of the assessment scales. As far as the study learned from an exploratory factor analysis of the preliminary research, these 12 questions that were incorrectly categorized or that presented outliers had to be removed and as a consequence, the researcher of the study was led to an outcome(75 Items) that would correspond to this factor structure which one had temporarily set up. For the next step, in order to carry out a confirmatory factor analysis, the study worked on verification on a four-stage structural equation model with each of the factors which the researcher had established applied by stage. In the end, a result to confirm how the model’s goodness of fit eventually increases with the factors which the researcher had set up added was gained and lastly, another outcome to agree to the hair designers’ expertise practice model which the researcher had created was obtained. In the meantime, in terms of the assessment scales which this study has discussed, the study assumes that since the scales accepted a self-rating method, it may lead not only to increase in expertise through self-reflection but also to establishment of a rational class system based on results of objective expertise measuring but not of subjective judgment by superiors.

대응출력에 따른 선박용 과급기에 의한 디젤기관의 배출특성 비교 연구

이민형(Minhyoung Lee),이기봉(Kibong Lee),이원욱(Wonuk Lee),이치우(Chiwoo Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

This is a thesis about the experiment of comparison characteristic of exhaust gas in the same condition between diesel engine that is equipped turbocharger to increase effectiveness of the engine which is recently used in a lot of industry which requires high power. Resulting of the experiment turbocharger diesel engine according to response power, difference in low speed is not significant, but in high speed, effectiveness of turbocharger diesel engine is almost the same in four turbocharger. In other hand, in exhaust gas experiment, high response power turbocharger model exhausts less NOX, but it doesn’t significantly affect the result when it comes with decreasing of CO2 and effectiveness of similar power characteristic. As a result, the high response power turbocharger diesel engine is economically effective comparing with the low response power turbocharger diesel engine.

대응출력 150마력 및 240마력 터보차저 선박용 디젤기관의 동력성능 및 배출특성 비교에 관한 연구

이민형(Minhyoung Lee),정경철(Gyeongchul Jung),이기봉(Kibong Lee),이원욱(Wonuk Lee),이치우(Chiwoo Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

This is a thesis about the experiment of comparison characteristic of power and exhaust gas in the same condition between diesel engine that is equipped turbocharger different from response power to increase effectiveness of the engine which is recently used in a lot of industry which requires high power. Resulting of the experiment with natural aspiration diesel engine and turbocharger diesel engine, difference in low speed is not significant, but in high speed, effectiveness of turbocharger diesel engine is much higher than the other one. In other hand, in exhaust gas experiment, turbocharger model exhausts more NOX and O₂, but it doesn’t significantly affect the result when it comes with decreasing of CO₂ and effectiveness of increased power characteristic. As a result, the turbocharger diesel engine is economically effective comparing with the natural aspiration diesel engine.

한국 도시 성인의 신체활동량 측정 질문지 개발

박일혁 ( Il Hyeok Park ),이기봉 ( Gee Bong Lee ),조성일 ( Sung Il Cho ),김연수 ( Yeon Soo Kim ),이성운 ( Sung Woon Lee ),이우형 ( Woo Hyung Lee ),이문진 ( Mun Jin Lee ),민진영 ( Jin Young Min ),이온 ( On Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2009 체육과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 한국 도시 성인의 신체활동량 측정 질문지를 개발하는 것이다. 질문지 개발을 위하여 문헌고찰과 다양한 특성의 성인 32명에 대한 심층면접을 실시하였으며 전문가 회의를 통하여 질문 영역과 질문지에 대한 검증을 하였다. 타당도 검증을 위하여 총 223명의 도시 거주 성인을 표집하여 가속도계, 심박수계, 일일기록지로 신체활동을 측정하고 질문지로 측정된 신체활동량과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한 구인타당도의 부분적 검증을 위하여 성별, 직업종류별 집단 간 비교를 실시하였다. 신뢰도는 27명의 성인을 대상으로 재검법을 통하여 검증하였다. 연구의 결과 신체활동의 영역을 직업활동, 가사활동, 여가활동, 계획적 운동, 이동 5개로 구분하였으며 이 영역들을 기준으로 질문지를 개발하였다. 개발된 질문지의 타당도는 남자의 경우 .59-. 74로 중간에서 비교적 높은 정도, 그리고 여자의 경우 0.34-. 75로 비교적 낮은 수준에서 높은 수준의 범위를 나타내었다. 질문지로 측정된 신체활동 총량 및 영역별 신체활동량의 집단별 비교에서는 성별, 직업유무별, 직업유형별로 대체로 기대한 차이를 나타내 질문지가 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 재검법에 의한 신뢰도는 .90으로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 질문지의 타당도는 타 연구에서 개발된 질문지와 비교하여 그 타당도가 유사하거나 더 높아 대규모 연구에서 유용하게 이용될 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to develop a physical activity questionnaire that is valid for measuring physical activity level of Korean adults who reside in city area. The research team identified the physical activity domains through literature review and semi-structured qualitative interview, and developed the questions that measure the physical activity level of each domain. Developed questionnaire was revised based on the experts`s review and pilot test. A total of 223 adults (102 males and 121 females) participated in completing questionnaires along with 7-day recording of accelerometer, heart rate monitor and diary measurement. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression were employed to examine criterion validity. Gender and occupation variables were used to examine group-divergent validity. Five physical activity domains, occupation-, household-, leisure-, planned exercise-and transportation-related domains, were identified through literature review and focus group interview. The criterion validity coefficients of the questionnaire ranged from .59 to .74 for males and .34 to .75 for females. These values are regarded as low to relatively high. The calculated reliability coefficient was relatively high at .90. The developed questionnaire may be useful in a large scale physical activity study.

방사광을 이용한 자기 물성 연구의 전망

이기봉(K. -B. Lee) 한국자기학회 1995 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.5 No.2

유소년 농구선수 잠재력 진단을 위한 경기력검사 개발

이기봉(Lee, Gi-Bong),김정준(Kim, Jung-Joon) 한국초등체육학회 2021 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 유소년 농구선수의 현재와 미래 경기력을 타당하게 측정하는 경기력검사를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 문헌고찰과 전문가 심층면접을 통해 경기력검사 측정변인을 탐색하였으며, 전문가 델파이조사를 통해 최종 측정변인에 대한 조작적 정의와 평가기준을 설정하였다. 개발한 경기력검사의 타당성검증을 위해 참여한 전문가는 총 11명이었다. 경기력검사를 적용한 실제 경기는 2021 KBL U-12 주말리그 결승리그 3경기였으며, 결승리그에 참가한총 3팀의 22명을 대상으로 하였다. 개발한 경기력검사의 타당성 검증을 위해 실제 경기기록과 상관분석을 실시하였으며, 미래 잠재 경기력 예측을 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 경기력검사는 드리블, 슛, 패스, 리바운드로 구성되었으며, 측정변인은 평균 점수보다 총점이 현재와 미래 경기력 평가 점수와 상관이 높았다. 또한, 유소년 농구선수의 미래 수행력을 설명하기 위해 슛이 타당한 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 향후 더 많은 선수들을 대상으로 연구를 수행한다면 드리블, 패스, 리바운드 변인에서도 높은 설명력을 보일 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to develop a performance test that reasonably measures the present and future performance of youth basketball players. We conducted literature review and in-depth interviews with experts to explore the measurement variables of the performance test. Operational definitions and evaluation criteria for the final measurement variables were established through expert Delphi research. The validity of the finally developed performance test was verified. Eleven experts participated to review the validity of the performance test and evaluate the actual performance of youth basketball players. The performance test targets were three games in the 2021 KBL U-12 weekend league, with a total of 22 players from three teams. To verify the validity of the developed performance test, correlation analysis was performed with the actual game record. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to predict future potential performance. As a result of the analysis, the performance test consisted of dribble, shot, pass, and rebound. The total score of measurement variables were correlated with the current and future performance evaluation scores than the average score. Also, shot was found to be a valid variable to explain the future performance of youth basketball players. If research is conducted on more players in the future, it will be possible to show high explanatory power in dribbling, passing, and rebounding variables. If a follow-up study is conducted with more players, it will be possible to show high explanatory power in dribble, pass, and rebound variables.