Ephedrine이 뇌내 Biogenic Amine 함량에 미치는 영향

이경은,Lee, Kyung-Eun 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2

Sympathomimetic amines, especially ephedrine, are a major ingredient in proprietary medications for symptomatic treatment of upper respiratory infections. Their frequent uses can lead to occasional instances of abuse and habituation. The clinical symptoms of ephedrine abuse are similar to that of amphetamine psychosis and resemble closely that of schizophrenia. Because both amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia are thought to be mediated primarily through the action on catecholamines, ephedrine-induced changes of the biogenic amines can be suspected. However, there were few studies about the central effects of ephedrine because of the milder central action than peripheral. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the relations between the effects of single or repeated administration of ephedrine on the regional levels of biogenic amines in rat brain and ephedrine-induced CNS stimulation. The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\sim}200\;g$ were used. After single or repeated administrations of ephedrine, blocks of tissue were obtained from frontal cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra and cerebellum. The concentration of biogenic amines(norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)) and their metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)) were measured by means of high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD). The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the normal rat, the concentration of norepinephrine was the highest in hypothalamus. Dopamine, DOPAC and HVA were highest in corpus striatum, and 5-HT and 5-HIAA were highest in substantia nigra. Epinephrine was not detectable in any part of the brain tissue. 2) In a single administration of ephedrine, the concentration of DOPAC was decreased in corpus striatum. However, the other biogenic amines and their metabolites were not changed. 3) In repeated administration of ephedrine, the concentration of norepinephrine was decreased in all brain region checked. Dopamine was decreased in corpus striatum and substantia nigra and, increased in hypothalamus, and HVA was decreased in corpus striatum. 5-HT was decreased in all brain region except cerebellum and, 5-HIAA was decreased only in frontal cortex. The ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT was increased in corpus striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus and substantia nigra. These data indicated that, although a single administration of ephedrine did not change the central neurotransmitters, repeated administration of ephedrine caused the decreases of norepinephrine and 5-HT in the most regions of brain, which may be responsible for the emergence of abnormal behavioral effect after ephedrine abuse.

주조방식에 따른 티타늄 주조체의 내부결함 비교

이경은,김부섭,정인성,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Kim, Bu-Sob,Chung, In-Sung 대한치과기공학회 2007 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the titanium castability (internal porosity) between pressure type casting machine & centrifugal casting machine with air-vent or not. Internal porosity is a well-known problem in dental titanium casting, resulting in inferior mechanical properties of dental restorations. To evaluate the castability, the square plate was chosen. 40 plate patterns($20{\times}20{\times}1.8mm$)were attached to funnel-shaped sprue. Then 20 plate patterns were attached air-vent. They were invested in titanium investment material and cast in a pressure type casting machine(20castings) and centrifugal casting machine(20castings). Each group were divided with air-vent(10castings) or not(10castings). The titanium castings were evaluated by radiographic photograph for the location of the internal porosities. The percentage porosity of each specimen was determined using standardized digital radiographs. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance and t-test for paired comparison between two groups.

Autoradiographic Verification of Transdermal Penetration of Oleic Acid-conjugated Peptide Nanosomes

이경은,정민교,엄재훈,정세희,하권수,박정해,이진성,한성식,최면,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Jung, Min-Kyo,Eum, Jai-Hoon,Jung, Se-Hui,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Park, Jeong-Hae,Lee, Jin-Sung,Han, Sung-Sik,Choe, Myeon Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.4

Short 펩타이드는 약용화장품(cosmeceuticals)으로 가능성이 있지만, 펩타이드의 친수성 성질 때문에 피부를 통한 전달이 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 short 펩타이드를 약용화장품으로 이용하기 위해서는 피부를 통과할 수 있는 성질로 바꾸어야만 한다. 이 연구에서는 프로콜라겐 type I의 신호펩타이드로 작용할 수 있는 KTTKS의 5개 펩타이드에 양친매적인 특성을 부여하기 위해 올레산을 결합시켰고, 그 후 나노좀으로 제조하였다. 제조된 나노좀은 동결투과전자현미경법을 이용하여 크기가 100에서 200 nm 사이의 리포좀의 형태임이 확인되었으며, 제타전위측정장치(ELS)를 통해 24주 동안 안정적인 크기를 유지하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이렇게 제조된 나노좀을 피부에 바른 후 자가방사기록법(autoradiography)을 이용하여 피부에 침투 여부를 확인하였다. 이 5개 펩타이드의 친수성 성질로 인하여 펩타이드만 피부에 도말하였을 때는 피부에 침투되지 않았으나, 펩타이드와 올레산을 결합하여 나노좀으로 제조된 경우에는 피부의 진피층까지 잘 도달한 것을 확인하였다. 이 연구를 통해 자가방사법이 피부를 통한 효과물질의 전달을 검증할 수 있는 좋은 방법임을 보여줌과 동시에 피부에 효과를 나타내는 친수성펩타이드의 피부를 통한 전달에 올레산 결합을 이용한 나노좀 형태가 효과적인 것을 보여주었다. Short peptides are potentially effective materials as cosmeceuticals, but their delivery across the skin can be problematic due to the ionic nature of peptides and the structure of the skin. For short peptide to be utilized as cosmeceuticals, its ability to penetrate the skin must be altered. In this study, we conjugated the widely used procollagen type I signal peptide, KTTKS, with oleic acid to improve the lipophilic properties of the peptide, and used the oleic acid-conjugated peptides to construct cosmeceutical nanosomes. Then we examined the penetration of cosmeceutical nanosomes prepared from isotope-labeled peptide into the skin after transdermal application using autoradiography. Because of its hydrophilic property of penta-peptide, the penta-peptide itself was not able to be penetrated through the stratum corneum of the skin. In contrast, nanosomes made from olecic acid conjugated penta-peptide were able to be penetrated through the stratum corneum effectively. Autoradiography showed the precise penetration points to dermal layer, demonstrating the appropriateness of this method for clarifying the mechanism of penetration of transdermal delivery systems.

삼릉추출물이 항산화와 멜라노제네시스에 미치는 영향

이경은,심관섭,김진화,박성민,이범천,윤여표,표형배,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Sim, Gwan-Sub,Kim, Jin-Hwa,Park, Sung-Min,Lee, Bum-Chun,Yun, Yeo-Pyo,Zhang, Yong He,Pyo, Hyeong-Bae 대한약학회 2004 약학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Whitening effect, which decreases the skin pigmentation, is the one of important targets in cosmetics. This study was investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma on ant ioxidation and melanogenesis. S.rhizoma is a rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis G. a perennial Cyperaceae species of wide occurrence in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. S.rhizoma shown scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the IC50 of 638${\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 21.7${\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S.rhizoma treatment (48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at 100${\mu}g/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. S.rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expres- sion in protein level. These results suggest that S.rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore S.rhizoma may be useful as new whitening agent due to the antioxidant effect and the inhibitory effect against melanogenesis.

Patterns and Persistence of Pharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in South Korea

이경은,제남경,Lee, Kyeong Eun,Je, Nam Kyung Korean College Of Clinical Pharmacy 2018 한국임상약학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objective: This study aimed to assess treatment persistence in Korean children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the factors influencing their adherence to ADHD pharmacotherapy. Methods: The study included patients between 6 and 18 years of age with ADHD who were taking various formulations of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on June 1, 2014. Patients were dichotomized as "persistent" or "non-persistent", depending on whether they continued ADHD therapy for 6 months (therapy persistence). We also investigated if the patients were taking the same medication(s) as before and also classified the patients as "medication persistent" or "non-persistent". Patient' characteristics were correlated with therapy persistence and medication persistence. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess potential risk factors for treatment persistence. Results: Overall, 3,317 patients were included in the analysis. A majority of patients were taking stimulants (82.0%), 16.2% were taking non-stimulants and 1.8% were taking a combination therapy of stimulants and non-stimulants. After 6 months, 2,290 patients (69.0%) continued to take medication for ADHD with 1,953 patients taking the same medication(s) as 6 months previously. Common positive factors for therapy persistence and medication persistence were identified as younger age, retardation, and developmental delay, and long-acting formulations of methylphenidate as either monotherapy or in a combination therapy may be used. Conclusion: ADHD medications were proven to improve academic performance and social skills of children. Collaboration between patients, parents, school staffs, and prescribers is required to improve the persistent use of ADHD medications.

Osteomyelitis of Mandibular Condyle : A Case Report in 9-year-old Child

이경은,최순정,서봉직,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Choi, Soon-Jeong,Suh, Bong-Jik Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2009 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.34 No.3

Osteomyelitis means inflammation of the bone marrow. It usually begins in the medullary cavity, involving the cancellous bone; then it extends and spreads to the cortical bone and eventually to the periosteum. The cause is usually thought to be microbiological. But there still are factors that predispose to produce a possible bone infection such as injuries, syphilis, actionomycosis, chronic kidney failure, alcoholism, malnutrition, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment of modalities have been directed toward eradicating microbes and improving circulation in the early stage. In the case presented, surgical debridement and IV antibiotics were the treatment of choice. Osteomyelitis in children is mainly affected in the mandible. And in childhood, the mandibular condyle is regarded as an important center of mandibular growth. Therefore, in young patients, osteomyelitis involving this region may cause a restraint of mandibular development, resulting in facial asymmetry. So diagnosis in the early stage is important in child with osteomyelitis. Recently, we have encountered an interesting case of osteomyelitis of the mandibular condyle in 9-year-old boy. So we present the case and review the literature about osteomyelitis.

홍순에 발생한 출혈성 궤양 병소의 증례보고 및 감별진단

이경은,정원,조남표,서봉직,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Jung, Won,Cho, Nam-Phy,Suh, Bong-Jik 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2011 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.36 No.2

The vermilion zone of the lips is mucocutaneous junction between the skin and the oral mucosa of lips. Diseases of the vermilion zone may be related to a local or systemic condition, and can be manifestation of a systemic disease. In this cases, we introduced patients with hemorrhagic, ulcerative lesions on the vermilion zone and reported plasma cell cheilitis and lesion of the vermilion zone related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome(SJS).

Multiple Oral Lipomas of the Tongue: Case Report

이경은,고승오,변진석,서봉직,Lee, Kyung-Eun,Ko, Seung-O,Byun, Jin-seok,Suh, Bong-Jik The Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medi 2012 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.37 No.3

지방종은 성숙한 지방세포로 이루어진 흔한 연조직 양성 종양이다. 그러나, 구강에서는 드물게 발생하며, 일반적으로 단독으로 발생하기 때문에 구강내에서 다발성으로 발생한 지방종을 경험하기는 매우 어렵다. 이에 저자는 아주 드물게 발생하는 혀의 다발성 지방종을 경험하여서 이를 보고하며 구강 지방종에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. Lipoma is a benign tumor composed of mature adipocytes and the most common soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasm but relatively rare in the oral cavity. Lipoma of the tongue is uncommon and especially multiple lipomas are quite rare and only several cases of those were reported. We describe an unusual case of multiple lipomas of the tongue.

하악과두 흡수(Condylar Resorption)에 대한 고찰

이경은,Lee, Kyung-Eun 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2007 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.32 No.1

Condylar resroption, or condylysis can be defined as progressive alteration of condylar shape and decrease in mass. Although the cause is unknown, condylar resorption has been assocated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic erythematous, steroid usage, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. In most case, however, there is no identifiable precipitating event. Hence the term is idiopathic condylar resorption. With condylar resorption, the bone loss is resulting in a loss of posterior support in the involved condyle and the mandible can then shift. As a result, the most patients exhibit occlusal change, openbite, retrognathism, and a decrease in posterior face height. This article reports cases of condylar resorption. And the author will review factors capable of changes of condyle, pathogensis and management of conylar resorption.

탄소나노물질의 자기조립 제어

이경은(Kyung Eun Lee),진형민(Hyeong Min Jin),리동준(Dong Jun Li),김상욱(Sang Ouk Kim) 한국고분자학회 2016 고분자 과학과 기술 Vol.27 No.5