원문 : 저항성 운동이 노화 흰쥐 해마 및 소뇌의 신경가소성 인자 발현 및 미세구조와 신경학적 기능에 미치는 영향

김종오 ( Jong Oh Kim ),윤진환 ( Jin Hwan Yoon ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3

김종오, 윤진환. 저항성 운동이 노화 흰쥐 해마 및 소뇌의 신경가소성 인자 발현 및 미세구조와 신경학적 기능에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 제3호, 217-228, 2014. 본 연구는 노화로 인해 나타나는 기억력 감소와 균형감각의 저하를 저항성 운동이 지연시킬 수 있는지와 그 기전을 밝힘으로써, 노인운동처방학적 운동기전을 제시하고자 하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 노화 흰쥐를 대상으로 tower climbing 운동을 12주간 실시한 후 신경기능학적 향상, 신경가소성 인자인 BDNF, TrkB의 발현 증가와 시냅스 관련 단백질인 synapsin I의 발현을 유도할 수 있는 지와 해마의 연접형성수준의 증가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 실험동물은 Sprague-Dawley 계열의 노화 흰쥐 72주령 수컷과 대조군으로 10주령 수컷이 이용되었으며, 이들은 실험 전 일주일 동안 운동 환경에 대한 적응기간을 거친 후, 무작위 표본추출에 의하여 노화 쥐는 노화 대조군(aging control group, ACG; n=15)과 노화 운동군(aging and exercise-trained group, AEG; n=15)으로 분류되었고, 10주령의 정상 대조군(normal control group, NCG; n=15)이 비교군으로 이용되었다. 저항성 운동은 tower climbing protocol을 이용하여 1일 약 30분씩 3회(09시, 14시, 20시) 12주 동안 훈련시켰다. 공간학습과 기억력과 균형감각과 신경학적 기능평가는 Morris water maze와 balance beam 검사가 이용되었고, BDNF, TrkB와 synapsin I과 같은 단백질 분석은 Western blotting 방법이 이용되었다. 또한, 해마부위 연접형성수준의 변화는 투과전자현미경(TEM)적 관찰을 통해 확인하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에 수행된 저항성 운동인 tower climbing 운동의 12주간 훈련은 노화로 인해 해마, 소뇌 부위의 신경 및 연접가소성인자 감소로 인해 저하된 공간학습기억능력과 평형감각기능을 지연시키는데 효과적인 운동임을 확인할 수 있었던 연구이다. Kim, Jong-Oh, Yoon, Jin-Hwan. Effects of Resistance Exercise on Synaptic Plasticity Factor, Ultrastructural and Neurologic-Function in Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Aging Rats. Exercise Science, 23(3): 217-228, 2014. Aging results in cognitive and balance decline both in humans and animals. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus and cerebellum also declines with age. Traditionally, exercise has been used for the treatment of several neuro degenerative disorders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on spatial learning memory ability, the synapses and the synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor in hippocampus and cerebellum in aged-rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups (n=15 in each group): the normal control group (NCG), the aging control group (ACG), the aging and exercise-trained group (AEG). Animals in the exercise group were performed to daily exercise on the tower climbing during 12 weeks. The spatial learning and memory capability was evaluated by Morris water maze in a separate set of rats. Also, the balance function was evaluated by Balance beam test. Western blotting analysis for the expression of BDNF, TrkB and synapsin I was performed. Electron microscopy were used to evaluate synaptic plasticity and quantitative electron microscopy was used to investigate morphological changes in the hippocampus. Measurements taken from analysis of the electron micrograph sets were used to calculate the spine synapses in hippocampus. Here in this study, it have shown that both synaptic plasticity neurotrophic factor expression and spine synapses were suppressed in aged-rat, whereas tower climbing exercise alleviated the aging-induced suppression of both synaptic-plasticity neurotrophic factor expression and spine synapses in the hippocampus of rats. The results of the present study indicate that tower climbing exercise may facilitate recovery from the CNS complications associated with aging by inducing enhanced the morphological development of synapses in the hippocampus via the augmentation of synaptic plasticity neurotrophic factor expression in the h ippocampus a nd t he cerebel l um.

운동이 좌골신경 손상 F344쥐의 Neurotrophins, BDNF, NT-3, GAP-43 단백질 발현과 축삭재생에 미치는 영향

윤진환,서태범,Yoon Jin-Hwan,Seo Tae-Beom 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구에서는 흰쥐의 좌골신경을 손상시킨 후 트레드밀 운동을 적용하여 신경돌기 성장과 좌골신경의 축삭 재생 및 신경성장 인자 발현 그리고 신경기능지수의 변화를 연구했다. 본 연구결과 좌골손상 후 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 그룹이 비운동군에 비해 축삭재생이 촉진되었고, 원위부의 좌골신경에서도 NGF, BDNF단백질 발현이 상당히 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 좌골신경지수를 검사한 결과에서도 운동을 실시한 흰쥐가 비운동 흰쥐에 비해 기능적 회복이 상당히 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 좌골손상 후 운동의 실시가 좌골신경의 축삭재생 촉진과 신경영양인자의 발현증가를 통해 기능적 회복에 도움이 될 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다. Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in severe functional deficits. In the present study, the effects of treadmill exercise on neurotrophin expressions and functional recovery following sciatic crushed nerve injury were investigated. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: the sciatic nerve injury group, the sciatic nerve injury and 3-day-exercise, the sciatic nerve injury and 7-days-exercise, and the sciatic nerve injury and 14-days-exercise groups. Sciatic nerve injury was caused by crushing the right sciatic nerve for 30 s using a surgical clip. A the light-exercise was applied to each of the exercise group over the respective number of days. In the present results, we identified enhanced axonal re-growth in the distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury with treadmill training. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron when cultured from animals with nerve injury and treadmill training showed more enhanced neurite outgrowth than that of sedentary animals. Nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels in low-intensity treadmill training group were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerves 3, 7 and 14 days after injury compared with sedentary group, and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) protein levels in treadmill exercise group were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3 days after injury compared with sedentary group. Then, treadmill exercise increased neurotrophic factors induced in the regenerating nerves. We further demonstrate that motor functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury was promoted by treadmill exercise. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill exercise enhanced neurotrophins expression and axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

운동이 F344계 임신쥐에서 골격근의 VAMP-2 및 GLUT-4 단백질 발현과 혈중 인슐린, 렙틴 농도에 미치는 영향

윤진환,이희혁,김종오,오명진,박성태,지용석,서태범,남궁욱,Yoon, Jin-Hwan,Lee, Hee-Hyuk,Kim, Jong-Oh,Oh, Myung-Jin,Park, Seong-Tae,Jee, Young-Seok,Seo, Tae-Beom,NamGung, Uk 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.6

본 연구는 임신횐쥐에서 운동이 혈중 인슐린과 렙틴 농도, 그리고 골격근의 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2단백질 발현에 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 비임신 횐쥐에 비해 임신 횐쥐에서 혈중 인슐린 농도가 유의하게 증가되었고, 렙틴 농도는 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 임신횐쥐에게 달리기 운동을 적용한 결과 임신으로 증가된 인슐린 농도를 유의하게 감소시키면서 렙틴 농도의 감소를 억제시키는 것으로 나타났다. 골격근에서 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2 단백질 발현량을 조사한 결과 비임신 횐쥐에 비해 임신 횐쥐에서 이러한 단백질 발현이 유의하게 감소되었지만, 임신 중 달리기운동을 경험한 횐쥐에서 GLUT-4와 VAMP-2 발현 모두 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 잘이 임신으로 인한 혈중 인슐린 및 렙틴의 변화가 골격근에서 당을 근조직으로 흡수하는 신호 전달 경로와 수송체의 발현 손상과 연관되어있음을 보여주는 것이다. 하지만 임신 횐쥐에서 달리기 운동은 인슐린과 렙틴 농도의 변화를 완화시킴으로써 골격근의GLUT-4와 VAMP-2발현을 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on serum insulin and leptin levels and GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 in skeletal muscles from the pregnant rats. F344 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15 in each group): control group (CG), pregnant group (PG), pregnant running group (PR), and pregnant swimming group (PS). From the 15th day of pregnancy, animals in the running group were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min with a light intensity, while those in the swimming group were forced to swim in swimming pool for 10 min once a day for 6 consecutive days. The present result demonstrated that in pregnant rat group, serum insulin levels significantly in-creased and leptin levels significantly decreased. Skeletal GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 protein expression was significantly decreased in pregnant rats compared to non-pregnant rats. However, matenal running during gestational period alleviated pregnancy-induced changes in plasma insulin and leptin levels, and it significantly enhanced skeletal GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 protein expression. From those results, it can be suggested that running exercise during gestational period may improve glycemic control by up-regulating GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 protein expression.

운동강도의 차이가 F344 흰쥐의 골격근 세포기질 및 미토콘드리아 LDH 동위효소 발현에 미치는 영향

윤진환(Jin Hwan Yoon),이상학(Sang Hak Lee),임정명(Jung Myung Lim) 한국여성체육학회 2006 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

수영운동이 류마티스 관절염 모델 마우스 혈청 Prostaglandin, 활막에서의 COX-1 및 COX-2 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

윤진환(Jin-Hwan Yoon),임은미(Eun-Mi Lim) 한국생활환경학회 2017 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of swimming exercise on serum Prostaglandin, E₂ COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis mice’s synovium. DBA/1J mice were injected with collagen into the tail for induction of CIA model. Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: normal group(n=8), CIA(collagen-induced arthritis) group(n=8), and CIA+SE (collagen-induced arthritis+swimming exercise) group(n=8). After 8 consecutive weeks of swimming exercise, serum prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and synovium COX-1 mRNA, COX-1 mRNA were determined. Serum prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in CIA+SE group compared to the CIA group. COX-2 mRNA expression in synovium was significantly reduced in CIA+SE group compared to the CIA group. These observations indicate that the protective effect of swimming exercise against rheumatoid arthritis is mediated via the modulation of inflammatory responses in mice.

중량트레이닝 선수에 있어 골밀도와 IGF-I, Calcitonin의 상관관계

윤진환(Jin Hwan Yoon),김영표(Young Pyo Kim),김종오(Jong Oh Kim),지용석(Yong Seok Jee),이창규(Chang Kyu Lee) 한국체육교육학회 2002 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.7 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight lift training on bone mineral density(BMD) and the relationship between BMD and Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), and Calcitonin. The subjects in this study were 12 male weight lifter and 12 male non-athletes. In all subjects. BMD at the lumbar_2-4 and femoral neck was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and to investigate the possible hormonal relationships underlying the effects on BMD, serum concentrations of IGF-I and Calcitionin were measured. An alpha level of .05 was used as the criteria for significance. 1. There was significant differences between two groups in mean BMD values of lumbar_2-4(p<0.5) femoral neck(p<0.5). 2. IFG-I in weight lifter group was significant higher than non-athletes group. However, there was no significant differences between two groups in Calcitonin. 3. There was a significant correlation between BMD of lumbar_2-4 and femoral neck and IGF-I in weight lifter group. However, no significant relatiomships were found between BMD of lumbar_2-4 and femoral neck and Calcitonin. 4. No significant relatiomships were found between BMD of lumbar_2-4 and femoral neck and Calcitonin in non-athletes group. In summary, these findings suggest that resistance exercise training increased IGF-I correlated significantly with BMD. Thus, this implies that this resistance training may increase bone mineral accumulation.

체표면적을 고려한 흡연자와 비흡연자간의 폐기능 비교

윤진환(Yoon Jin Hwan),정일규(Jeong Ill Gyu) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate pulmonary function in smoker and non-smoker among athletes and non-athletes. The subjects in this study were 91 male undergraduates who were further classified as non-athletic group (non-smokers 21, smokers 15) and athletic group (non-smokers 20, smokers 35). The variables examined included pulmonary function including slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), tidal vo1ume(TV), maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV). The results of pulmonary function were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in SVC values between athletic group and non-athletic group. 2. FVC value was statistically higher in athletic group than in non-athletic group (p=.000); a post-hoc test indicated that A and A' groups have a greater values in FVC than S and S' groups, however there was no significant difference in S and S', A and A'. 3. FEV1 value was statistically higher in athletic group than in non-athletic group(p=.000); a post-hoc test indicated that A and A' groups have a greater values in FEV1 than S and S' groups, however there was no significant difference in S and S', A and A'. 4. There was no significant difference in TV values between athletic and non-athletic groups. 5. MVV value was statistically higher in athletic group than in non-athletic group (p=.000); a post-hoc test indicated that A and A' groups have a greater values in MVV than S and S' groups, however there was no significant difference in S and S', A and A'. These data suggest that in pulmonary functions considering difference of body surface in subjects athletes have a greater values in FVC, FEV1, MVV than non-athletes, thus lung functions can be enhanced by exercise, but as there was no significant difference between smoking and non-smoking groups, cigarette smoking may be not associated with change of lung functions

트레드밀 운동에 의한 MAPK 관련 전사인자의 활성화가 축삭 재생과 탈신경된 가자미근의 비대에 미치는 효과

윤진환 ( Jin Hwan Yoon ),정일규 ( Il Gyu Jeong ),김연희 ( Yeon Hee Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2010 운동과학 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 운동에 의한 Erk1/2와 c-Jun 경로의 활성화가 축삭 재생과 탈신경된 가자미근의 비대에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 총 180마리의 S.D계 쥐들을 무작위로 3개의 그룹으로 나누었다. 통제 그룹(n=60), 좌골신경 손상 후 비운동 그룹(n=60, 좌골신경 손상 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 그리고 28일 후 비운동 그룹) 그리고 좌골신경 손상 후 트레드밀 운동그룹(n=60, 좌골신경 손상 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 그리고 28일 후 운동 그룹)이다. 손상 2일 후 운동 그룹에 쥐들은 하루에 30분씩 하루에 한번 주 5일 동안 트레드밀 달리기를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 트레드밀 운동이 비운동 그룹보다 손상 14일 후부터 10mm 원위부에서의 축삭재생이 증가하였고, 손상 28일에는 GAP-43 단백질의 발현이 촉진되었다. p-Erk1/2 and p-c-Jun의 발현 수준은 손상 3 그리고 7일 후비운동 그룹에 비해 운동 그룹에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 좌골신경 손상 21일 그리고 28일 후 트레드밀 운동은 가자미근의 위축을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 골격근의 횡단면적을 통계적으로 유의하게 증가시켰다. 결론적으로, 트레드밀 운동에 의해 증가된 p-Erk1/2 and p-c-Jun은 좌골신경 손상 후 축삭의 재생과 골격근의 비대를 조절하는 중요한 역할을 수행할 것이다. Main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise-activated ErK1/2 and c-Jun pathway on axonal regeneration and hypertrophy of denervated soleus muscle. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group(n=60), sedentary group after sciatic nerve injury(n=60), sedentary group 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after injury) and treadmill exercise group after sciatic nerve injury(n=60, exercise group 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after injury). Two days after injury, animals in the exercise group were forced to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day for 5 consecutive days. present result demonstrated that treadmill exercise further increased axonal regrowth in the region 10 mm distal to the injury site from 14 days post injury and upregulated GAP-43 induction levels than those in the sedentary group 28 days after injury. expression levels of p-Erk1/2 and p-c-Jun were significantly increased in treadmill training compared to the sedentary group 3 and 7 days after injury. Treadmill exercise after sciatic nerve injury not only prevented atrophy of the soleus muscle but also significantly increased cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle at 21 and 28 days. The present data suggest that increased p-Erk1/2 and p-c-Jun by treadmill exercise may play an important role in the axonal regeneration and skeletal muscle hypertrophy after sciatic nerve injury.

수영훈련이 좌골신경 손상 후 F344계 흰쥐 슈완세포의 활동성에 미치는 효과

윤진환(Jin Hwan Yoon) 한국여성체육학회 2006 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

운동 강도의 차이가 흰쥐의 심근 Purkinje 섬유의 항산화효소와 형태학적 변화에 미치는 영향

윤진환(Jin Hwan Yoon),이준수(Jun Soo Lee),김원섭(Won Seop Kim) 한국체육교육학회 2002 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of -week exercises on antioxidant enzyme activities and tectolgoy of the heart tissue. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control group(n=8), low-intensity endurance group(n=8) and high-intensity endurance group(n=8). The rats were provide with the same environment. The low intensity group was exercised by low intensity training for 8 weeks, running for 5 minute at 20m/minute, 0% grade, 5 days per weeks. The high intensity group was exercised for 8 weeks, running for 10 minute at 30m/minute, 5 days per weeks, but the control group was not exercised at all. Following 8 weeks. The heart tissue of rats were analyzed to determine the change of SOD activity, CAT activity. Statistical techniques for data analysis were two-way repeated measures ANOVA to determine the difference among groups and training times. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. 1. There was significant difference in SOD among the group×periods following 8-week training[F_(2. 21)=47.179, p=.000]. The results of simple effects test, SOD activities in low-intensity exercise following 8-weeks were highly increased than high-intensity exercise and control group. 2. There were no significant difference in CAT among the groups, periods and groups×periods following 8-week training. 3. There was significant difference in the diameter of purkinje fibers among the groups, periods and groups×periods following 8-week exercise[F_(2.21)=55.676 p=.000]. The results of simple effects test, the diameter of purkinje fibers in high-intensity exercise & low intensity exercise following 8-weeks was increased than control group. And the tectology profiles in low-intensity exercise was indicated positive effects compared to high-intensity exercise. As a result of this conclusion the study shows that low-intensity exercise may have more an effect to induce an adaptive increase in activities of anti-oxidant enzyme, especially SOD than other exercise intensity do. These results indicates that low-intensity exercise following 8-week does provide an positive effects compared to high-intensity exercise following 8-week on morphology profiles of purkinje fiber.