청소년학 일반 ; 청소년에 관한 심리학적 연구방향

윤진(Gene Yoon) 한국청소년학회 1993 청소년학연구 Vol.1 No.-

This review article covers the research articles on the psychology of adolescence published in Korea since 1960s, and also the future directions and needs of the research are discussed in detail. For the theoretical issues, life-span developmental approach and developmental-contextualism are discussed, and sequential designs are suggested for the longitudinal studies. In addition, the major research topics which need to be done in Korea are as follows: basic social motivation systems, family relations, sex-roles, sexual behaviors, cognitive ability and moral judgement, health behaviors, and risk-taking behaviors.

발달단계에 따른 심리적 부적응

윤진(Gene H Y Yoon) 한국노년학회 1983 한국노년학 Vol.3 No.1

Psychopathology in late adulthood is reviewed from the viewpoint of developmental stage concept. The abnormal behavior could be caused by the developmental stage itself, not by the general other reasons. Some of the developmental changes and characteristics in late adulthood are as follows: deterioration of sensory/perceptual and intellectual abilities, changes of personality characteristics, the negative effects of compulsory retirement and loss of social roles, and death of one's spouse. In addition to those developmental events, learned helplessness and the ineffective functioning of personality system in the aged are discussed. With those of specific changes and events in old age, the psychopathology-especially, depression-is analyzed in detail.

『경산 노화사실인지척도』의 구성연구

윤진(Gene H Y Yoon),조석미(Cho Suk Mee) 한국노년학회 1982 한국노년학 Vol.2 No.1

In Korea, no test on aging and its related fields has attempted to measure the knowledge-level of the facts on aging. The Gyongsan Facts-on-Aging Quiz is short, well-documented and consist of 24 factual items only. A case report of responses by a college student sample is provided and 13 common items out of 24 are compared among three cultures - i, e., Korea, U. S. A. and Australia. It is constructed to cover the three major areas in the aging process and the current situation of the Korean elderly (i, e, physical / physiological, psychological, and family / social facts). This quiz can be used as a tool for the facilitation of group discussion, identification of frequent misconceptions, indirect measurement of the attitude toward the elderly, and the effectiveness of gerontology training courses. It should be validated and innovated further with diverse samples from other than college students.

장년기 이후의 흡연행동에 대한 다각적 분석

윤진(Gene Yoon),도영임(Young Yim Doh),김영선(Young Sun Kim) 한국노년학회 1996 한국노년학 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 중년기 이후의 연령층을 대상으로 흡연행동의 연령에 따른 차이를 파악하고, 흡연행동의 심리적 기능을 탐색하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 40세 이상의 성인남성 262명이며 평균연령은 57.4세(SD=11.2)였다. 흡연행동에 영향을 미치는 성격변인으로는 자극추구동기와 불안을 측정하였다. 흡연양상을 파악하기 위해 니코틴 의존도, 흡연이유, 흡연상황질문지, 흡연만족도를 측정하였고, 건강관련 변인으로는 지각된 건강수준, 건강가치, 음주빈도, 운동빈도를 측정하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 40대, 50대, 60대의 흡연행동을 비교해 보면 60대 연령층은 40대와 50대에 비해 흡연이유에서 부적정서감소와 중독성 흡연의 점수가 높았다. 한편, 흡연상황에 따른 욕구수준에서는 세집단 모두 높은각성상황에 비해 낮은각성상황에서 흡연욕구가 높았다. 둘째, 흡연행동에 영향을 미치는 성격변인으로 자극추구동기와 불안의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 흡연상황에 따른 욕구수준, 흡연만족도에서 성격에 따른 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 셋째, 흡연자 유형별로 살펴보면, 습관성, 부적정서감소, 정적정서증진 흡연자는 낮은 각성상황에서 높은 흡연욕구를 느끼는 반면, 중독성 흡연자는 상황에 관계없이 흡연욕구가 높았다. 그리고 흡연만족도에서는 정적정서증진, 중독성흡연자가 부적정서 감소, 습관성 흡연자에 비해 높은 수준의 만족감을 보였다. 넷째, 중다회귀분석 결과 흡연만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 중요한 변인은 '즐거움과 이완', '높은 각성상황', '연령', '니코틴 의존도' 순이었다. 끝으로, 다량흡연자와 소량 흡연자간에는 지각된 건강수준, 건강가치, 음주와 운동빈도에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 흡연행동의 연령에 따른 변화에 대한 이해의 필요성과 흡연의 '놀이의 기능', 과 '정서조절기능'의 중요성에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in the patterns of smoking and explore psychological [psychosocial] function of smoking behavior in the middle and late adulthood smokers. Subjects were 262 adult smokers (Mean age=57.4, SD=11.2), range:40∼88 years old). Multiphasic measurements to smoking were follows : (a) patterns of smoking were assessed by 4 measures-nicotine dependance(FTQ), reason for smoking(HWS), situational smoking questionnaire, and smoking satisfaction, (b) personality variables by stimulation seeking(IPI) and anxiety(STAI), (c) health-related variables by perceived health, health value, frequency of drinking, and frequency of exercise. In analysis, participants were divided into three age groups (40, 50, and 60 years ). The results were as follows : First, In reason for smoking, 60 years smokers had higher score than other age groups in the Negative affect reduction and Addictive smoking. In smoking situation, all age groups showed more desire for smoking in low-arousal situations(boredom, relaxation, etc) than in high-arousal situations (emotional stress, anxiety, etc). Second, personality variables[stimulation seeking & anxiety] had no effects on desire for (situational) smoking, and smoking satisfaction. Third, among smoking patterns(4 smoker subtypes), Habitual, Negative affect reduction, Positive affect smokers had high desire for smoking in low-arousal situation, while Addictive smokers showed high desire regardless of smoking situation. And Positive affect and Addictive smokers were higher levels of smoking satisfaction than Negative affect reduction and Habitual smokers. Fourth, in the result of stepwise multiple regression, significant variables that influenced smoking satisfaction were 'pleasure-relaxation', 'high-arousal situation', 'age', and 'nicotine dependance'. Finally, there were no significant differences between heavy smokers and light smokers in the health related variables. Several implications of these findings were dicussed : the necessity of understanding the changes of smoking behavior according to age, smoking behavior as 'emotion regulation', and new(exciting) exploration of smoking efficiency 'play'.

비행 개입 정도에 따른 청소년 자아개념의 차이

윤진(Gene Yoon) 성곡언론문화재단 1995 성곡논총 Vol.26 No.1

가족구성원에 대한 노인의 심리적 거리

윤진(Gene H Y Yoon),조석미(Suk Mee Cho) 한국노년학회 1980 한국노년학 Vol.1 No.1

The perceived distance on 12 different family-member concepts were measured on the "closedistant" dimension of the Osgood-type Semantic Differential Subjects are 50 males and 50 females, ranging from the age of 61 to 82. All family-member concepts are perceived as close, and grandson is the closest concept,atd grandfather atd son-in-law are the farthest ones. Comparing with the Kim' s (1974) study with the younger respondents, daughter is moving toward the farther distance. Even though both grandson and granddaughter are the third generation, while grandson is as close as son, granddaughter is much farther than daughter. Therefore, the importance of family continuation and the inheritance system proved to be very strong. One caution should be mentioned that this result can only be applied to the healthy and urban elderly with the middle range of socio-economic status.

대중매체의 폭력성이 청소년에게 미치는 영향

윤진(Yoon, Gene),곽금주(Kwak, Keum Joo) 한국형사법무정책연구원 1991 형사정책연구 Vol.6 No.-

건강한 가족관계를 위한 심리학적 접근 -부부와 자녀 및 노부모와의 관계를 중심으로-

윤진 ( Gene H. Y. Yoon ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 1983 人文科學 Vol.50 No.-

중년기 위기감(1)

김애순(Ae Soon Kim),윤진(Gene Yoon) 한국노년학회 1993 한국노년학 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 Levinson 등이 주장하는 '중년기 위기론'을 1444명의 한국 성인남녀(남자: 666명, 여자: 778명)를 대상으로 검증하였다. 먼저 중년기 위기가 오는 시기를 규명하기 위해, 중년기 위기감과 본인연령, 첫자녀 연령, 그리고 막내자녀 연령과의 관계를 분석했으며, 사회경제적 변인들이 중년기 위기감에 미치는 영향이 분석되었다. 그 결과, 본인연령은 중년기 위기감에 대해 의미있는 설명력이 없었으나, 첫자녀와 막내자녀의 연령이 증가할수록 위기감 수준이 증가했으며, 막내자녀의 연령이 12-19세와 26-30세 사이에, 특히 26-30세 사이에 가장 높아지는 굴곡형 추세를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 성인발달이 신체적 연령보다는 사회적 연령과 더 밀접한 관계가 있으며, '40대 초반의 청소년 자녀들과 갈등을 일으키는 시기' 보다는 자녀들이 심리적으로 부모의 슬하를 떠나는 '50대의 빈둥우리에 임박한 시기'가 더욱 심각한 위기임을 말해 주고 있다. 또한 중년기 위기감에 영향을 미치는 변인의 순서는 개인의 건강수준, 수입, 성별, 학력의 순이었다. The major purpose of the study is the confirmation of the mid-life crisis theory, originated from Levinson (1978) and other researchers, in Korean adults. The respondents were 1444 adults (666 males and 778 females) from Seoul metropolitan area. First of all, for the identification of the approximate timing of mid-life crisis, the age effects of the respondents and of their children were analyzed. And the effects of social-economic factors on mid-life crisis were analyzed. The results are as follows : While the age of the respondents has no significant effects on mid-life crisis, the older their children are, the more mid-life crisis they experience. Mid-life crisis is more closely related to the age of the last child than that of the first child. When their last child is in the age range of 12-19 or 26-30 years, especially in the range of 26-30, mid-life crisis is most dramatic. These results indicate that adult development is more related to the social age than to the chronological age, and that the middle-aged adults in Korea experience more serious crises in the '50's empty nest period' when their children departs from them rather than in the '40's transition' when they have conflict with their children. And the health has most powerful effects on mid-life crisis, and the next income, sex, education are in order.

연령증가에 따른 지능의 변화

김선자(Sun ja Kim),윤진(Gene Yoon) 한국노년학회 1992 한국노년학 Vol.12 No.2

This study has two major purposes : 1) Investigating the relationship between the Practical intelligence(PI) and the traditional intelligence test scores, and 2) the effect of the various variables influencing the PI. For it, the "Everyday Problem Solving Inventory(EPSI)" consisted of 12-problem situations, was constructed from three age groups : the young adult, the middle-aged and the elderly. The fluid intelligence was measured by the block design subscale and the crystallized intelligence by the vocabulary test subscale of the Korea Wechsler Intelligence Scale(KWIS) respectively. The subjects are 30 male college students(Mean age=21.50) and 30 male elderlys(Mean age=65.25). Each subject was requested to provide his alternatives to 12 problem situations. And each situation was rated on the dimensions of familiarity, controllability and anxiety level by Likert-type 7 point scale. Among three measures, there was a significant correlation between EPSI and crystallized intelligence scores only. And there was no significant age difference in EPSI scores, and only "familiarity" variable out of the three has significant correlation with the EPSI score. It can be concluded that PI does not decrease with age, but is determined by degree and quality of the experience. And there was little interaction between age and the domain of the problem, social or nonsocial. 본 연구는 성인기 지능의 중요한 측면으로 간주되는 실제적 지능과 전통적인 지능검사로 평가되는 지능과의 상관을 밝히고, 실제적 지능의 한 지표인 일상적 문제해결 수행에 영향을 미치는 제 변인의 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 20대 대학생(평균연령=21.50) 30명과 60대 성인 30명(평균연령=65.25)에게 KWIS검사의 소검사(어휘와 토막짜기)를 시행하여 결정화된 지능과 유동성 지능을 평가하였고, 12개의 문제상황으로 구성된『일상적 문제해결 검사』에서는 각 문제상황에 대한 해결대안을 제시하게 하였다. 또한『일상적 문제해결』의 수행에 영향을 미치는 행동적/인지적/정서적 변인의 효과를 알아보기 위해 각 문제상황에 대한 친숙성, 통제감, 불안수준의 정도를 평정하게 하였다. 그 결과, 『일상적 문제해결 검사』의 수행과 결정화된 지능검사 수행간에 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었고, 일상적 문제해결검사 수행은 성인초기와 노년집단간 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 연령, 문제상황에 대한 친숙성, 통제감, 불안수준의 변인들 중 친숙성만이 일상적 문제해결 수행을 예언할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 성인의 일상적인 문제해결 능력(즉 실제적인 지능)이 연령증가에 따라 쇠퇴한다기보다 문제에 대한 경험 유무에 의해 결정됨을 시사한다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 일상적인 문제의 영역-사회적/비사회적 문제- 이 연령과 상호작용하여 수행에 영향을 미친다는 가설은 확인되지 못했다.