수학 영역에 있어 중재반응모델의 중재 요소에 대한 고찰

김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),우정한 ( Jeong Han Woo ),이성환 ( Seong Hwan Lee ),안정애 ( Jung Ae Ahn ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2008 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 수학 영역에 있어 중재반응모델을 적용하기에 앞서 해결되어야 할 1) 중재반응 모델의 적용 시기와 대상 2) 단(tier)의 수와 단의 성격 3) 비반응의 측정 4) 학습장애 판별방식 등에 관련한 문제들에 대해 합의점을 도출하기 위하여 관련한 미국의 실험연구들을 분석하였다. 2007년까지의 해당 연구들을 수집한 결과 총 6편에 달했다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중재반응모델은 주로 전학급 또는 전학년을 대상으로 초등학교 1, 2학년 시기에 적용하고 있었다. 둘째, 2-3개의 단을 많이 채택하고 있었으며, 1단은 위험군 아동을 선별하고, 2단과 3단에서 교수의 강도를 증가시켜 나가고 있었다. 셋째, 측정도구는 주로 CBM을 사용하고 있었으며, 위험군 아동의 선별은 하위 16% 준거를 많이 사용하고, 비반응에 대한 준거는 다양했다. 넷째, 1편의 연구에서 중재반응모델을 통한 학습장애 판별이 출현율을 줄여주는 엄격한 기준이 될 수 있음을 나타냈다. 이를 통해 수학 영역에 있어 중재반응모델의 적용에 따른 얼마간의 방법적.절차적 문제에 대하여 시사점을 발견할 수 있었으나, 완전한 해결점을 도출하기에는 계속된 이론적.실험적인 검증이 필요한 것으로 보인다. In this study, 6 experimental studies, which applied the response-to-intervention (RTI) to the at-risk children on mathematics, were analyzed to draw a solution on the main problematic issues before introduction and application in Korea. 6 studies which have been reported from 1982 to 2007, were reviewed on issues such as: 1) appropriate time and target population for effective applying RTI; 2) numbers and types of tier 3) measurement ways to nonresponse 4) effectiveness on identifying of learning difficulties. The major conclusions are summarized as follows: First, the response-to-intervention model was mainly applied to the 1st and 2nd grade students with class-wide or school-wide. Second, 2 or 3 tiers were mainly adopted and the 1st tier were used for selecting at-risk children, then the 2nd and 3rd tier were each used for increasing intensive teaching. Third, the CBM was mainly used as a measurement tool, and low-ranking 16% criteria was applied in selecting at-risk children, but criteria in nonresponse were various. Forth, it is suggested that response-to-intervention model could be a strict standard which might decrease a prevalence in identifying learning disabilities. Based on these results, there are, though, some implications in measurement and procedural issues in applying response-to-intervention to mathematics field for students with learning difficulties, however, it seems to be still needed theoretical and experimental verifications to find out perfect agreement on these issues.

수학 학습곤란 아동의 연산능력 향상과 학습장애 위험학생의 선별을 위한 학교기반 중재반응모델 개발에 대한 연구

김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),이성환 ( Seong Hwan Lee ),안정애 ( Jung Ae Ahn ),김영걸 ( Young Gull Kim ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2011 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 학교기반의 효율적인 중재반응모델 체제를 마련하기 위해 중재반응모델을 통한 수학 학습장애 위험아동의 연산능력 향상과 비반응자 선별에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 이를 위해 부산과 대구 소재 6개 초등학교 2, 3학년 1072명을 연구 대상으로, 3단계 중재반응모델에 의한 연산중재와 단계별 연산능력 성취도검사, 수학 교육과정중심측정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 연산능력 향상에 있어 1단계 일반교수에 비해 2단계 소집단교수의 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교육과정중심측정을 통한 이중불일치 준거 적용과 2단계 소집단교수후 비반응자 출현이 크게 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수학 학습곤란 학생의 연산능력 향상과 수학 학습장애 선별을 위한 학교기반의 중재반응모델은 학습곤란 학생의 선별, 2단계 소집단교수를 중심으로 구축되어야 한다. The purpose of this study was to develop school based response to intervention(RTI) model which screen students with math learning disabilities. So first content of this study was to know the effect of RTI model on math calculation ability of at-risk students with math learning disabilities and second content was to know the effect of RTI model on screening students who didn’t respond to multi-tier calculation intervention. For this study, 1072 elementary 2~3 grade students of 6 schools in Busan and Daegu cities were employed and researched by 3-tier RTI model(general instruction, small group instruction and individualized instruction). The testing tools of this study were math calculation achievement test and math-curriculum based measurement(M-CBM). The results of this study were as follows: First, math calculation ability of at-risk students with math learning disabilities was improved by RTI model based on multi tier intervention. Especially the influence of small group instruction of tier 2 was higher than general instruction of tier 1. Second, RTI model using dual non-discrepancy criteria(achievement and progress) was effective for reducing students who didn’t respond to multi -tier calculation intervention. According to this results, the conclusions of this study were as follows: First, RTI model should be introduced to school to improve math calculation ability and to screen at-risk students with math learning disabilities. Second, 2-tier RTI model is more effective than others, because it reduces the number of at-risk students with math learning disabilities dramatically and applies to school easily.

치매 환자에 대한 신체건강척도의 한국판 표준화

정성수(Seong-Su Jeong),신용재(Yong-Jae Shin),안정애(Jung-Ae Ahn),여경희(Kyoung-Hee Yeo),신석철(Suk-Chul Shin) 대한노인정신의학회 2000 노인정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

치매 환자에 대한 동반질환 및 예후에 대한 평가는 적절한 환자관리를 위해 필요하나 그동안 만족할 만한 평가도구가 없었다. 최근에 치매 환자에 대해 동반질환 및 예후에 대해 신뢰도가 높은 평가도구인 GMHR이 계발되어 본 저자들은 이를 신체건강척도로 번안하여 표준화하였다. 연구대상은 치매 환자 35명으로 내과의사 1명, 간호사 2명에 의해 평가되었다. 신체건강척도의 신뢰도를 검증한 결과 kappa 값이 0.001 이하로 매우 신뢰도가 높았다(reliability coefficient α=0.9121). 복용중인 약물의 수 및 불안정 질환의 수와의 상관은 각각 r=-0.487(p<0.01), r=-0.542(p<0.01)로 만족스러웠다. 3점 이하로 측정된 환자는 71.5%이었고 40%의 환자에서 불안정 질환이 동반되어 동반질환의 중요성을 인식 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 신체건강척도는 치매 환자에 대해 쉽게 평가할 수 있는 도구로 평가자 사이의 신뢰도가 높고 불 안정 질환의 수와 투여 약물의 수와도 상관성이 높은 평가도구이었다. 향후 이 신체건강척도의 신뢰도 및 예후적 가치가 검증되기 위해 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 하여 평가 및 장기간의 추적관찰이 요구된다. Concurrent medical problem is common in dementia patients and critical to their care. Despite its importance, there was no bedside global rating scale for the seriousness of medical comorbidity. Lykestos et al. newly developed a reliable bedside scale, the General Medical Health Rating(GMHR). The objective of this study was to standardize the GMHR in form of Korean version(KGMHR). The study population consisted of 35 dementia patients in nursing home. Rating was performed by 1 physician and 2 nurses. Forty percent(14/35) of patients had one or more unstable medical illnesses. KGMHR ratings no more than 3 were 71.5%(25/35) of patients. The value of interrater reliability coefficient αwas 0.9121. Correlations between KGMHR ratings and number of unstable medi-cal illnesses were high(r=-0.487, p<0.01). KGMHR ratings were also correlated with number of medications being taken for comorbid conditions(r=-0.542, p<0.01). In conclusion, KGMHR is a very reliable and simple rating scale for medical comorbidity in dementia patients. So the KGMHR could be a useful tool for evaluation of comorbidity in dementia patients. To verify the prognostic value of KGMHR, further large sized long-term study are needed.

植物의 生物活性物質探索 : 고사리의 發癌物質 The Carcinogen of Bracken Fern

이영란,윤주영,박춘임,안정애,임의섭,김미현,조혜경,이정아 이화여자대학교약학회 1992 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.31

Naturally occurring carcinogens of plant origin were briefly reviewed. The historical background of the studies on the bracken carcinogen and the cattle bracken poisoning and some attempts at the characterization of the active principle(s) were described. finally, ptaquiloside, an unstable glycoside of an illudane-type norsesquiterpene, was characterized as the active principle. On the basis of the chemical and biological nature of ptaquiloside, a bilogical assay method using a modified Ames' test and a chemical assay using thin-layer chromatographydensitometry were devised. By using these methods, several processed or untreated samples of the fern collected in different places, and in different seasons, were assayed for their ptaquiloside contents to show under what conditions the decompositon of ptaquiloside took place, the epidemiological meanings and whether or not they were safe as food. Wide occurrence of ptaquiloside-like compounds in the ferns of the Pteridaceae family was also revealed by the same methods and four new analogous compounds were isolated and characterized. These analogs and illudins S and M, sesquiterpenes of illudane-type from Basidiomycetes, were shown to have mutagenecity in the modified Ames' test and in chromosome abberation in CHL cells of ptaquiloside and were to be the carcinogens of the same type as ptaquiloside.