학술발표회 초록 : ( 열역학 (2) ) ; 전해질을 포함한 용액의 기상 - 액상 평형

심연식(Yon Sik Shim),이철수(Chul Soo Lee) 한국화학공학회 1992 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

연구발표 초록 ( 열역학 (Ⅱ) ) : 혼합 강전해질 혼합용매중의 전해질의 용해도

심연식(Yon Sik Shim),이철수(Chul Soo Lee) 한국화학공학회 1991 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

폐광된 탄광의 갱내수 유출실태와 오염 및 처리방안검토

함주익,심연식 ( Joo Ik Ham,Yon Sik Shim ) 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

폐금속광산지역 중금속의 위해성 평가

이진수,권현호,심연식,김태혁,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kwon, Hyun-Ho,Shim, Yon-Sik,Kim, Tae-Heok 한국지하수토양환경학회 2007 지하수토양환경 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구에서는 폐금속광산 지역에서 중금속이 인체에 미치는 위해영향을 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 3개 금속광산 주변 지역에서 농경지 토양, 농작물 및 지하수를 채취하여 화학분석을 실시하였다. 이들 폐금속광산 주변에 야적된 광산폐기물(광미)은 바람이나 집중 강우에 의해 광미댐 하부에 있는 농경지나 하천으로 유입되어 주변 환경을 오염시킬 가능성이 크다. 따라서 폐금속광산에서의 인체노출경로는 농사활동을 통한 토양의 섭취, 지하수(식수)의 섭취, 쌀의 섭취, 농사활동에 의한 토양의 피부접촉 등 4가지로 파악할 수 있었다. 각 노출경로별 비발암성위해도 평가 결과, 모든 광산에서 쌀의 섭취를 통한 중금속의 독성위해도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 광산별 4가지의 인체노출경로를 총합한 HI 지수가 3개 광산 모두 9.0 이상을 나타내었으며, 특히 B 광산이 HI 29.2로 중금속에 의한 독성위해도가 가장 높은 것으로 판명되었다. 비소에 대한 발암위해도 평가 결과, 3개의 폐금속광산 지역에서 쌀 섭취의 노출경로를 통한 비소에 의해 암이 발생할 확률이 천명중의 1명 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 환경부 토양오염 위해성평가지침(안)과 미국 EPA에서 제시한 허용가능한 초과발암위해도보다도 크므로 이들 지역 주민들이 비소에 의해 오염된 농작물(쌀)을 지속적으로 장기간 섭취하게 된다면 비소가 건강에 미치는 위해영향이 크다고 판단된다. An environmental survey from three abandoned metal mine areas was undertaken on to assess the risk of adverse health effects on human exposure to heavy metals influenced by past mining activities. Tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals may have a impact on soils and waters around the tailing piles. In order to perform the human risk assessment, chemical analysis data of soils, rice grains and waters for As, Cd, Cu and Pb have been used. The HQ values for heavy metals via the rice consumption were significantly higher compared with other exposure pathways in all metal mine areas. The resulting HI values in three mine areas were higher than 9.0, and their toxic risk due to rice ingestion was strong in these mine areas. The cancer risk of being exposed to As by the rice consumption from the A, B and C mine areas was $5.1\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$, $6.8\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$ and $3.1\;{\times}\;10^{-3}$, respectively. The As cancer risk via the exposure pathway of rice ingestion from these mine areas exceeds the acceptable risk of 1 in 10,000 set for regulatory purposes. Thus, the daily intakes of rice by the local residents from these mine areas can pose a potential health threat if exposed by long-term As exposure.

전라남도 화순군 폐탄광 산림복구지 토양의 화학적 특성

정문호(Mun Ho Jung),심연식(Yon Sik Shim),김태혁(Tae Heok Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.6

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical characteristics for forest rehabilitation and suggest management in abandoned coal mine areas in Hwasun-gun, South Jeolla Province. Total study sites were 8 sites, and soil analysis particular were soil pH, TOC, total-N, C/N ratio, Avail. P2O5, and CEC. Average soil pH was 5.8 (4.7~6.4). Average contents of TOC, total-N and C/N ratio were 1.1% (0.2~2.0%), 0.08% (0.02~0.13%) and 15.0 (7.9~31.4), respectively. Average Avail. P2O5 was 8.3 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> (2.7~15.0) and Average CEC was 13.7 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> (9.9~18.5 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>). Soil pH was decreased according to elapsed time from forest rehabilitation, while TOC, total N and CEC were increased. Av. P2O5 did not show any relationship with elapsed time. Soil pH was stable comparing with general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (5.1), while contents of TOC and total N were lower than general forest soil in South Jeolla Province (4.9% and 0.18%, respectively). Therefore, sustainable managements such as fertilization for TOC and total N are necessary for good rooting and growth of vegetation.

탄광슬러지를 이용한 금속광산 산성배수 처리 시 pH및 온도의 영향

최명찬,임정현,권보연,장민,심연식,김지형,Cui, Ming-Can,Lim, Jung-Hyun,Kweon, Bo-Youn,Jang, Min,Shim, Yon-Sik,Khim, Jee-Hyeong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2009 지하수토양환경 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 석탄광산 배수(CMD)를 전기정화법으로 처리 시 발생되는 슬러지를 흡착제로 금속광산 산성배수(AMD)중 중금속 처리 시 pH와 온도변화에 따른 중금속 흡착 거동을 연구하고자 하였다. 실험결과 CMDS의 pH$_{zero\;point\; charge}$:(pH$_{zpc}$)는 5로 나타났다. pH영향의 경우 구리, 아연, 카드뮴, 철은 pH 증가에 따라 제거율은 증가하였고, 구리의 경우 흡착량은 pH와 상관없이 0.64 mg g$^{-1}$ sludge로 나타났다. pH 5 이상일 때 기타 중금속 흡착량은 pH3일 때의 1.1 배로 나타났고 크롬의 경우 pH 7 이상에서 다소 증가하였는데 이는 크롬이 $Cr(OH)_{6}^{3-}$형태로 미량 용출되었기 때문이다. 온도의 영향에서 pH3일때 온도증가에 따라 중금속 흡착량은 증가하였고, 선택도Cd>Fe>Zn>Cu순으로 나타났다. pH 5이상에서 최대 흡착량(q$_{max}$)은 Cu와 Zn의 경우 각각 2.747mg g$^{-1}$와 2.525mg g$^{-1}$로 더 이상의 흡착이 일어나지 않아 온도의 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption behavior of acid mine drainage (AMD) on coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS) has been investigated during the treatment of coal mine drainage (CMD) by electrical purification method. The pH$_{zero\;point\;charge}$ (pH$_{zpc}$) of CMDS was 5. The removal ratio of copper, zinc, cadmium, iron were increased according to the increase of pH value. The adsorption amount of copper showed 0.64 mg g$^{-1}$ sludge. It was independent of pH value. The adsorption amount of the other metals showed l.l times when pH was 3. The adsorption amount of chromium was a little bit increased at the pH value higher than 7 due to a small amount of the chromium was eluted as $Cr(OH)_6^{3-}$. The amount of metals' absorption were decreased according to temperature was increase at pH value was 3. The selectivity order was Cd>Fe > Zn > Cu. The amount of absorption showed q$_{max}$ Cu 2.747 mg g$^{-1}$ andZn 2.525 mg g$^{-1}$ when pH value higher than 5. It was independent of temperature.

국내 산성광산배수(AMD)의 수질 특성 분석

오재일(Oh JeiIl),심연식(Shim Yon Sik) 대한토목학회 2003 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.23 No.6B

석탄광산 배수슬러지의 연탄첨가물로서의 타당성 연구

오세강,박찬오,곽용완,이영재,이현주,심연식,권현호,이재영,Oh, Sae-Gang,Park, Chan-Ho,Kwak, Yong-Wan,Lee, Young-Jae,Lee, Hyun-Ju,Shim, Yon-Sik,Kwon, Hyun-Ho,Lee, Jai-Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.6

Possibility of the usage of sludge generated in coal mine drainage treatments as a briquette additive was investigated by the combination of industrial, elemental, and combustion experiments. A series of briquettes having 2% and 6% of sludge were used for the experiments. Compared to the control sample, our results show that all experimental values for the briquettes are very similar. In particular, it is worthy to note that there is no obvious difference in calorific values for the briquettes containing 2% or 6% of sludge. The calorific values are 4,250~4,360 kcal/kg, 4,240~4,250 kcal/kg, 4,180~4,210 kcal/kg, and 4,270~4,360 kcal/kg for the control sample, briquette containing 6% of Hambaek sludge, briquette containing 6% of Hamtae sludge, and briquette containing 2% of Hambaek sludge, respectively. Results of ash fusion temperature show that the temperature is greater than $1,550^{\circ}C$ for the control sample. However, the temperature for the briquettes with 6% of Hambaek sludge and 2% of Hambaek or Hamtae sludge is $1,510^{\circ}C$. For a briquette containing 6% of Hamtae sludge, the temperature of ash fusion is $1,530^{\circ}C$. After combustion, environmental impacts of the briquettes with sludge were tested. Little environmental influence was observed for the combusted briquettes with sludge.

셰일가스 개발 시 적용되는 수압파쇄공법에 의한 환경문제

한협조,김경웅,나경원,박희원,이진수,심연식,Han, Hyeop-Jo,Kim, Kyoung-Woong,Na, Kyung-Won,Park, Hee-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Shim, Yon-Sik 대한자원환경지질학회 2013 자원환경지질 Vol.46 No.1

본 연구에서는 최근 전 세계적으로 이슈가 되고 있는 셰일가스 개발 과정 중 발생 가능한 환경문제에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 셰일가스는 개발 가능한 자원량 측면에서 매우 우수하며, 기존의 석유 및 석탄에 비해 이산화탄소 및 아황산가스 배출량도 적은 친환경적인 연료이다. 셰일가스가 부존하는 지층의 특성상 개발 과정 중 유체투과도를 높이는 수압파쇄공법 적용이 필수적이나, 이러한 기술 적용에 따라 수질, 토양, 대기 오염 등 다양한 환경문제의 발생이 예상된다. 셰일가스 개발에 따른 오염은 지상 및 함수층 주변에서 발생 가능하며, 따라서 셰일가스 개발은 환경적으로 위험 요소가 될 수 있다. 그러므로 셰일가스 개발 시 발생 가능한 환경문제에 대한 이해가 필요하며, 본 연구에서는 향후 수압파쇄공법에 의한 셰일가스 개발 시 발생할 수 있는 주요 환경 문제들을 정리하고, 이에 대한 해결 방안들을 제시하고자 하였다. This paper discusses important environmental issues that must be considered during shale gas development. Shale gas has been attracting many attention as the next key energy resource with its large abundance through easily accessible production fields, and its lower carbon dioxide & sulfur dioxide emission profile upon combustion when compared to the conventional oil and natural gas resources. Successful development of a shale gas field requires the use of hydraulic fracturing to recover hydrocarbon through the very tight shale formation, which has been frequently associated with environmental contamination issue of water, soil, and atmosphere. Therefore, environmental issues and their solution to minimize environmental impact should be considered for successful development of shale play in a future.

산성광산배수의 발생저감을 위한 황철석 표면의 피막형성 기술개발

지민규,윤현식,지은도,이우람,박영태,양중석,전병훈,심연식,강만희,최재영,Ji, Min-Kyu,Yoon, Hyun-Sik,Ji, Eung-Do,Lee, Woo-Ram,Park, Young-Tae,Yang, Jung-Seok,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Shim, Yon-Sik,Kang, Man-Hee,Choi, Jae-Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.4

Acid mine drainage occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to an oxidizing environment. The objective of this study was to inhibit the oxidation of pyrite by applying various coating agent such as $KH_2PO_4$, MgO and $KMnO_4$ over its surface as an oxidation inhibitors. Experiments were conducted for 8 days to test the feasibility of oxidation inhibitors. The optimal condition of coating agent for standard pyrite and IK mine was the combination of 0.01M $KH_2PO_4$, 0.01M NaOAc and 0.01M NaClO. Otherwise, for YD mine the combination of 0.01M $KMnO_4$, 0.01M NaOAc and 0.01M NaClO. The $SO_4^{2-}$ reduction efficiency of pyrite, IK and YD mine samples was 70, 92 and 84%, respectively. For 8 days, no significant increase of $SO_4^{2-}$ from pyrite sample coated with inhibitor was observed. The pH of solution remains in between 4 to 6 for the reaction conditions.