회분식 생물반응기를 이용한 BDOC_rapid와 BDOC_slow 결정

손희종,노재순,강임석,Son, Hee-Jong,Roh, Jae-Soon,Kang, Lim-Seok 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

In this study, biodegradable organic matter was divided into a rapidly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{rapid}$) and a slowly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{slow}$) for various waters with different types of DOC. These fractions($BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$) were defined by using a shaking incubation method modified from Carlson's method. Also, in this study, optimum incubation time and accuracy were investigated to determine $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$. When suspended bacteria obtained from raw water and BAC effluent, or attached bacteria from BAC was respectively used as an inoculum, the difference in total BDOC($BDOC_{total}$) was minimal. Therefore, total BDOC was determined in 7~8 days by the shaking method, which is comparable with Servais's method by which BDOC was determined in 28 days. In addition, the difference of BDOC between these two methods was within 7%. Although $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$ were effectively determined by a method defined by Klevens, the difference in optimal incubation time was significant for different water samples. However, when using the shaking method, optimal incubation time for $BDOC_{rapid}$ was found to be 3 days, therefore, the $BDOC_{rapid}$ was defined as the difference between $DOC_0$ and $DOC_{3days}$, and $BDOC_{slow}$ was defined as the difference between $BDOC_{total}$ and $BDOC_{rapid}$. As a conclusion, for determining the fraction of BDOC using the shaking method, the concentrations of an inoculurns and optimal incubation times used in this study were very effective.

석탄계 활성탄의 재생 횟수 증가에 따른 세공 구조 변화가 수중의 NOM과 THM 흡착에 미치는 영향

손희종(Hee Jong Son),류동춘(Dong Choon Ryu),장성호(Seong Ho Jang) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.10

본 연구에서는 석탄계 활성탄 신탄과 재생탄들을 이용하여 재생 횟수의 증가가 이들의 세공 구조 변화 및 수중의 유기성 오염물질들의 흡착 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴본 결과, 신탄과 비교하여 1~3차 재생탄들에서 재생회수의 증가에 의해 15 Å 이하의 미세세공은 감소한 반면 20~100 Å 정도의 중간세공은 증가하였다. 재생횟수의 증가할수록 비표면적과 세공용적의 감소가 나타났으며, 세공용적의 감소폭은 신탄에 비해 크지 않았다. 신탄과 1~3차 재생탄들에서의 CHCl₃와 DOC에 대한 최대 흡착능(X/M)은 신탄의 경우 964.6 μg/g 및 19.5 mg/g인데 반해, 1~3차 재생탄들에는 255.6~399.5 μg/g과 18.0~18.7 mg/g이였으며, 1차~3차 재생탄들의 THM 구성종들에 대한 흡착능은 신탄 보다 2~3배 정도 감소하였으나, DOC에 대한 흡착능은 신탄과 거의 동일하였다. The objective of this research was to evaluate for the changes of pore structures and adsorption capacities due to the increase the numbers of reactivation. The reactivated GAC had experienced three cycles of water treatment and thermal reactivation. The pore size distributions of virgin and reactivated GACs were very different. The virgin GAC was mostly microporous (< 15 Å), with less mesopores (20~100 Å). The reactivated GACs was mostly mesoporous (20~100 Å), with less micropores (< 15 Å). The specific surface area and total pore volume were reduced as the number of reactivation increased. The maximum adsorption capacity (X/M) of virgin GAC (964.6 μg/g) for CHCl₃ was 2~3 times larger than 1st~3rd reactivated GAC (255.6~399.5 μg/g). The maximum adsorption capacity (X/M) of virgin GAC (19.5 mg/g) for DOC (dissolved organic carbon) was equal to that of 1st~3rd reactivated GAC (18.0~18.7 mg/g).

정수처리용 생물활성탄 공정에서 Halonitromethanes (HNMs)의 생물분해 동력학 평가

손희종(Hee Jong Son),강소원(So Won Kang),염훈식(Hoon Sik Yoom),류동춘(Dong Choon Ryu),조만기(Man Gi Cho) 大韓環境工學會 2015 대한환경공학회지 Vol.37 No.7

생물활성탄(BAC) 공정에서의 공탑 체류시간(EBCT) 및 수온의 변화에 따른 9종의 halonitromethanes (HNMs)류들의 생물분해 특성을 평가하였다. 수온 10℃와 25℃에서 EBCT를 5분~15분까지 변화시켜 실험하였다. 생물활성탄 공정에서 HNMs류 9종의 생물분해율은 EBCT와 수온에 따라 큰 영향을 받았으며 EBCT와 수온이 증가할수록 생물분해율이 증가하였으며, HNMs류들의 종류에 따른 생물활성탄 공정에서의 생물분해율은 DBCNM과 TBNM이 가장 높았고, CNM과 DCNM이 가장 낮았다. DBCNM과 TBNM을 제외한 HNMs류 7종에 대해 BAC 공정에서의 생물분해 속도상수(kbio)는 수온이 10℃에서 25℃로 상승하였을 경우, 0.0797~0.7657 min-1에서 0.1245~1.8421 min-1로 증가하여 1.6~2.4배 정도 증가하였다. In this study, the effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the biodegradation of 9 halonitromethanes (HNMs) in biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperatures (10℃, 15℃ and 25℃) and three EBCTs (5, 10 and 15 min). Increasing EBCT and water temperature increased the biodegradation efficiency of HNMs in BAC column. Dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM) and tribromonitromethane (TBNM) showed the highest biodegradation efficiency, but chloronitromethane (CNM) and dichloronitromethane (DCNM) were the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a pseudo-first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 7 HNMs at various water temperatures and EBCTs. The pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants (kbio) of 7 HNMs ranged from 0.0797~0.7657 min-1 at 10℃ to 0.1245~1.8421 min-1 at 25℃. By increasing the water temperature from 10℃ to 25℃, the biodegradation rate constants (kbio) were increased 1.6~2.4 times.

정수처리 공정에서 용존 유기물질 분류에 의한 haloacetic acid 생성능 평가

손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),황영도 ( Young Do Hwang ),류동춘 ( Dong Choon Ryu ),정철우 ( Chul Woo Jung ),이건 ( Gun Lee ),손형식 ( Hyeng Sik Son ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.9

A comprehensive fractionation technique was applied to a set of water samples obtained along drinking water treatment process with ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) process to obtain detailed profiles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and to evaluate the haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potentials of these DOM fractions. The results indicated that coagulation-sedimentation-sand filtration treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophilic fraction (28%), while removal of hydrophobic and transphilic fraction were 57% and 40%, respectively. And ozonation and BAC treatment showed limited ability to remove hydrophobic fractions (6%), while removal of hydrophilic and transphilic fractions were 25% and 18%. The haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP)/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of hydrophilic fraction was the highest along the treatment train and HAAFP/DOC of hydrophilic fraction was higher than hydrophobic and transphilic fraction as 23%∼30%, because of better removal for hydrophobic fraction both in concentration and reactivity.

상수관망에서 생물막에 의한 Haloacetic Acids 생물분해 특성 평가

손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),김도환 ( Do Hwan Kim ),한영립 ( Young Rip Han ),최영익 ( Young Ik Choi ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.9

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) concentrations have been observed to decreased at drinking water distribution system extremities. This decrease is associated with microbiological degradation by pipe wall biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate HAAs degradation in a drinking water system in the presence of a biofilm and to identify the factors that influence this degradation. Degradation of monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was observed in a simulated distribution system. The results obtained showed that different parameters came into play simultaneously in the degradation of HAAs, including retention time, water temperature, biomass, and composition of organic matter. Seasonal variations had a major effect on HAAs degradation and biomass quantity (ATP concentration) was lower by 25% in the winter compared with the summer.

UV / TiO2 / H2O2 와 초음파를 이용한 시스템에서 Aniline 및 TOC 의 산화능 향상에 관한 연구

손희종(Hee Jong Son),유명호(Myung Ho Yu),조규갑(Kyu Kap Cho),김성윤(Seong Yun Kim),이성식(Sung Sik Lee) 한국공업화학회 2000 공업화학 Vol.11 No.7

N/A

완속 모래여과 공정에서의 Geosmin 제거 특성

손희종(Hee Jong Son),염훈식(Hoon Sik Yoom),장성호(Seong Ho Jang) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.8

완속 모래여과 컬럼의 생물막(schmutzdecke)은 운전 시작 30일 정도에 정상상태에 도달하는 것으로 나타났으며, 생체량과 활성도는 각각 4.5×10(6) CFU/g과 3.42 mg·C/m3·hr로 나타났다. 정상상태에 도달한 생물 여과층의 박테리아 종 분포는 Pseudomonas sp.가 차지하는 비율이 56%였으며 그 중에서 Pseudomonas fluorescens가 전체비율의 22%를 차지하였다. 운전 시작 30일 후의 용존 유기탄소(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)와 geosmin의 제거율은 각각 27%와 95%로 나타나 최대의 제거율을 나타내었으며, 그 이후에는 DOC와 geosmin의 제거율에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 수온 변화에 따른 DOC와 eosmin의 제거율 변화에서 유입수의 수온이 5℃일 경우 geosmin과 DOC의 평균 제거율은 각각 62%와 10%로 나타났으나 수온을 15℃와 25℃로 증가시켰을 경우에는 geosmin과 DOC의 평균 제거율이 각각 88%와 25% 및 100%와 42%로 나타났다. 수온 변화에 따른 완속 모래여과 컬럼의 상부 생물막 층에서의 geosmin과 DOC에 대한 생물분해 속도상수(k)는 1.842~15.965 hr-1와 0.253~1.123 hr-1 이였고, 상부의 생물막 층이 그 하부 보다 DOC와 geosmin에 대한 생물분해 속도상수가 각각 18~32배 및 20~51배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. Geosmin removal by biodegradation was investigated in lab-scale slow sand filtration column with different empty bed contact times (EBCTs) and water temperature. Schmutzdecke layer was built up after 30 days operation and biomass and activity were 4.5×10(6) CFU/g and 3.42 mg·C/m3·hr, respectively. The attached bio-film microorganisms in schmutzdecke layer were isolated and identified. The dominant species was Pseudomonas sp. that had occupied 56%. Removal efficiencies of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and geosmin were 27% and 95% after 30 days operation. In lab-scale slow sand filtration column, geosmin and DOC removal efficiencies were 62% and 10% at 5℃, respectively. And increasing water temperature (15℃ and 25℃) increased the geosmin and DOC removal efficiencies (88~100% and 25~42%) in lab-scale slow sand filtration column. Geosmin and DOC biodegradation rates (k) in the schmutzdecke layer (in the upper 5 cm filter bed) were 1.842~15.965 hr-1 and 0.253~1.123 hr-1, respectively. It were about 18~32 times and 20~51 times of the rates in the deeper filter bed (5~60 cm).

낙동강 하류지역의 식물플랑크톤 우점종 군집 변화

손희종(Hee Jong Son) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.4

2002년부터 2012년까지 낙동강 하류 물금지역에서의 식물플랑크톤 우점종의 군집비율 변화를 조사한 결과, 식물플랑크톤 생체량(클로로필-a 농도)은 점진적인 감소 추세였던 반면, 우점종의 개체수는 증가 추세를 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤 종별로 우점종의 연도별 개체수 비율변화에서 규조류는 감소 추세를 보인 반면, 남조류는 증가 추세를 나타내었다. 또한, 우점기간의 경우 매년 우점기간의 75% 이상을 규조류가 차지하였다. 연중 식물플랑크톤 비율변화에서 규조류는 11월에서 5월까지 매우 높은 우점비율을 보였고, 6월부터 9월까지도 우점일수의 56%~74%를 차지하여 연중 규조류가 300일 정도 우점하였다. 남조류는 6월부터 9월까지 개체수 및 우점기간의 68%~94% 및 26%~36%를 차지하였으며, 녹조류는 4월부터 9월까지 낮은 우점률을 나타내었다. 규조류와 남조류 우점종들의 연중 천이패턴은 규조류의 경우 12월~5월은 Stephanodiscus spp., 5월~10월은 Aulacoseira spp.와 Fragilaria spp.가 대부분 우점하였으며, 남조류의 경우 5월~11월에 Microcystis spp.가 대부분을 우점하였다. 또한, 녹조류는 4월~9월에 Actinastrum spp., Pediastrum spp., Micractinium spp. 및 Pandorina spp.가 우점하였다. The changes of phytoplankton community in downstream of the Nakdong River from 2002 to 2012 was investigated. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a concentration) was gradually increased, but dominant species cell number was gradually decreased. In changes of percentage of dominant species cell number from 2002 to 2012, Diatoms was gradually decreased, but blue-green algae was gradually increased. In changes of annual percentage of dominant period, Diatoms showed high percentage from November to May, and dominant period (%) of diatoms was 56%~74% from June to September, also dominant period of diatoms was about 300 days every year. Percentage of dominant species cell number and dominant period of blue-green algae was 68%~94% and 26%~ 36% from June to September, respectively. And green-algae showed low percentage from April to September. In the transition patterns of diatoms and blue-green algae, Stephanodiscus spp. was the highest dominant species, from December to May, and Aulacoseira spp. and Fragilaria spp. were showed high dominant percentage from May to October. In the case of blue-green algae, Microcystis spp. was the highest dominant species, from May to November, also in the case of green algae, Actinastrum spp., Pediastrum spp., Micractinium spp. and Pandorina spp. were dominant species from April to September.

활성탄 흡착공정에서의 요오드계 트리할로메탄 흡착 특성

손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),염훈식 ( Hoon Sik Yoom ),김경아 ( Kyung A Kim ),송미정 ( Mi Jung Song ),류동춘 ( Dong Choon Ryu ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study accessed the adsorption characteristics of the 9 trihalomethanes (THMs) on coal-based granular activated carbon (GAC). The breakthrough appeared first for CHCl3 and sequentially for CHBr2Cl, CHBr3, CHCl2I, CHBrClI, CHBr2I, CHClI2, CHBrI2, and CHI3. The maximum adsorption capacity (X/M) for the 9 THMs with apparent breakthrough points ranged from 1,175 μg/g (for CHCl3) to 11,087 μg/g (for CHI3). Carbon usage rate (CUR) for CHCl3 was 0.149 g/day, 5.5 times higher than for CHI3 (0.027 g/day).

상수원수중에 함유된 천연유기물질 분자량 크기가 염소 소독부산물 생성에 미치는 영향

손희종(Hee Jong Son),노재순(Jae Soon Roh),정철우(Chul Woo Jeong),이철우(Chul Woo Lee),강임석(Lim Seok Kang) 大韓環境工學會 2004 대한환경공학회지 Vol.26 No.11