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권혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kwon ),손희식 ( Hee Sik Son ),오주연 ( Joo Yeon Oh ),오정은 ( Jeong Eun Oh ),최성득 ( Sung Deuk Choi ) 한국환경분석학회 2013 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.16 No.3
Ulsan, a representative industrial city in South Korea, has various sources of heavy metals. The upstream of the Taehwa River in Ulsan is used to supply drinking water, but heavy metal pollution in this area has not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the levels and patterns of heavy metals in the Taehwa River including the upstream. We also evaluated water quality using the water pollution index. We collected water samples at 18 sites of the Taehwa River in February and May 2011. Target heavy metals were cadmium,chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc, which were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The concentration of heavy metals increased from the upstream to downstream, and the highest concentration was detected in the downstream nearby an industrial complex. The spatial distribution of heavy metals and water pollution indexes indicated that some urban sites and most industrial sites were artificially polluted, and non-point sources might play an important role in water pollution of the Taehwa River.
박민규 ( Min-kyu Park ),손희식 ( Hee-sik Son ),손지영 ( Ji-young Son ),이호영 ( Ho-young Lee ),조인규 ( In-gyu Cho ),최성득 ( Sung-deuk Choi ) 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.2
In this study, the contamination of urethane track samples with lead (Pb) was investigated, and the previous results of human health risk assessment for Pb in urethane track samples were critically reviewed. Two extraction methods (i.e., acid digestion and ultrasonication) were applied. An acid digested urethane track sample from an elementary school showed the highest Pb concentration of 1,526 mg/kg, which exceeded the guideline of 90 mg/kg. The same sample was ultrasonicated, and the concentration was 1.51 mg/kg. This level is lower than a mean concentration of Pb in soils, suggesting that the exposure of Pb by urethane tracks could not be serious. Since Pb is classified into a non-carcinogen, a Hazard Quotient (HQ) can be calculated based on an Average Daily Dose (ADD) and a Reference Dose (RfD). It was found that the total exposure of Pb could be overestimated by the estimation of hand-to-mouth exposure. Furthermore, a RfD of Pb was not established by the US EPA, and the WHO withdrew a previously established Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). Therefore, the results of health risk assessment using previous RfD values are quite uncertain to be used for the management of urethane tracks exceeding the concentration guideline. In conclusion, a more systematic approach should be developed to deal with this issue.
권혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kwon ),이윤세 ( Yun Se Lee ),예진 ( Jin Ye ),손희식 ( Hee Sik Son ),김철수 ( Chul Su Kim ),최성득 ( Sung Deuk Choi ) 한국환경분석학회 2012 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.15 No.1
Indoor air quality is an important environmental issue especially for multi-use buildings because many people can be readily exposed to air pollutants. In this study, we collected air samples at eight indoor sites in a new library completed in 2009. Our target compounds were hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) such as formaldehyde (HCHO), 48 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 16 US-EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Their concentrations were 17~124 μg/m3 (mean: 37 μg/m3), 41~90 μg/m3 (mean: 59 μg/m3), and 19.5~94.7 ng/m3 (mean: 37.4 ng/m3), respectively. The highest concentrations of HCHO and VOCs were measured at an auditorium, while the highest concentration of PAHs was measured at a supercomputer room. The main source of HCHO and VOCs in the auditorium seemed to be new furniture, and that of PAHs in the supercomputer room might be circuit boards and chips in computers. The spatial distribution of HAPs in this library suggested that ventilation was a key factor affecting the levels of HAPs in the building.
울산지역 대기 중 아황산가스의 시공간적 오염특성(2005-2009)
이윤세 ( Yun Se Lee ),최성득 ( Sung Deuk Choi ),권혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kwon ),김철수 ( Chul Su Kim ),손희식 ( Hee Sik Son ),예진 ( Jin Ye ) 한국환경분석학회 2011 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.14 No.4
We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of SO2 measured at 14 air pollution monitoring sites in Ulsan, Korea. The levels of SO2 in Ulsan have continuously decreased since the 1990s, and a recent (2005-2009) annual average concentration of 8 ppb is lower than the national guideline of 20 ppb. However, Ulsan has higher levels of SO2 than any other mega-city in Korea. The average level of SO2 at industrial sites (13.7ppb) is 2.4 times higher than those at residential and commercial sites. According to the measurement data, meteorological condition, and former air dispersion modeling results, it was confirmed that SO2 emitted from the industrial complex was transported to the residential area by sea-land breeze and southeastern seasonal winds. For the improved air quality in Ulsan, the current environmental policy permitting the use of high-sulfur oil (<4%) should be carefully evaluated. The emission of greenhouse gases and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) as well as SO2 from plants using the high-sulfur oil should be monitored. Furthermore, separated environmental policies for the industrial and residential areas are required for more effective pollution management.
오주연 ( Joo Yeon Oh ),권혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kwon ),이윤세 ( Yun Se Lee ),박은정 ( Eun Jeong Park ),김철수 ( Chul Su Kim ),손희식 ( Hee Sik Son ),예진 ( Jin Ye ),최성득 ( Sung Deuk Choi ) 한국환경분석학회 2012 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.15 No.2
In this study, wastewater sludge was collected at a chemical plant in Ulsan, Korea, and the effect of ultrasonic treatment on sludge reduction and heavy metal leaching was investigated. In lab-scale experiments, the amount of sludge decreased with increasing ultrasonic irradiation intensity (100~600 W) and time (0.5~30 min). A pilot-scale ultrasonic reactor made in this study showed the highest performance (i.e., 46.2% of sludge reduction) in a batch mode operation. These results demonstrated that the ultrasonic treatment was useful for the reduction of sludge. On the other hand, the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in supernatants of the sludge samples after the ultrasonic treatment substantially increased, addressing the need for proper management of toxic chemicals after dehydration of sonicated sludge. The reason for the sludge reduction and heavy metal leaching after the ultrasonic treatment was the disintegration of sludge flocs and cell walls. Therefore, an advanced ultrasonic technology considering both sludge reduction and leaching of toxic chemicals should be developed for practical applications.