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심장에서 세포내 Mg<sup>2+</sup> 농도 의존적 Mg<sup>2+</sup> 유리
백성수,김상진,김진상,Baek, Sung-soo,Kim, Shang-jin,Kim, Jln-shang 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
Magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$) transport across the plasma membrane of cardiac myocytes appears to be under hormonal control. Repeated stimulations with adrenergic or histaminergic agonist produced a progressive decrease in $Mg^{2+}$ efflux from hearts. Thus we hypothesized that the $Mg^{2+}$ efflux may be resulted from a down-regulation of receptors or from a depletion of $Mg^{2+}$ from intracellular pool(s) in the hearts. In the present study, the regulation of $Mg^{2+}$ homeostasis by receptor stimulation was studied in perfused rat and guinea pig hearts. The successive short addition of norepinephrine (NE) to rat and guinea pig, and of histamine (HT) to perfused guinea pig hearts induced a progressive decrease in $Mg^{2+}$ efflux. These $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes were blocked by propranolol or ranitidine, respectively. These decrease in $Mg^{2+}$ efflux were inhibited by sodium cyanide (NaCN), which increases intracellular $Mg^{2+}$ ($[Mg^{2+}]_i$) levels. When NE (or HT) was added after HT (or NE), this efflux was also decreased in the guinea pig hearts. In the rat hearts and myocytes, HT did not stimulate $Mg^{2+}$ efflux. But NE produced a large $Mg^{2+}$ efflux after stimulation with HT. 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-adenosine cAMP (cAMP), like NE and HT, also induced a progressive decrease in $Mg^{2+}$ efflux in guinea pig hearts. This effect was inhibited by NaCN. These data provide evidence that the progressive decrease in receptor-stimulated $Mg^{2+}$ efflux is considered to be due to a decrease in $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ levels rather than receptor down-regulation.
흰쥐에서 ATP 결핍에 의한 혈중 Mg<sup>2+</sup> 농도조절
김상진,백성수,심소연,오성숙,김진상,Kim, Shang-jin,Baek, Sung-soo,Shim, So-yeon,Oh, Sung-suck,Kim, Jin-shang 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
Since intracellular free $Mg^{2+}$ ($[Mg^{2+}]_i$) appears to be tightly regulated following cellular energy depletion, we hypothesized that the increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ would result in $Mg^{2+}$ extrusion into circulation. Extracellualr $Mg^{2+}$ contents ($[Mg^{2+}]_o$) were measured in rat erythrocytes, the perfused heart and liver, and plasma in the anesthetized rat. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$) and plasma $Mg^{2+}$ was measured after the injection and then 10 and 20 minutes later. An increase in circulating (plasma) $Mg^{2+}$ ($[Mg^{2+}]_c$) and methemoglobin was observed in animals injected with $NaNO_2$ (30 mg/Kg). The time course of the effects demonstrated that $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ and methemoglobin continued to increase 10 minutes after the $NaNO_2$ injection. Under these conditions, there was a sustained increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$, but not in methemoglobin, which was inhibited by pretreatment with potassium cyanide (KCN, 4 mg/Kg), indicating that an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ was accompanied by ATP depletion. Injection of rotenone (0.9 mg/Kg) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (15 mg/Kg) also induced an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$. Reduced respiration rate from 100/min to 10/min during 30 minutes also caused a time-dependent rise in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$. These increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ were inhibited by pretreatment with KCN. In addition, ATP depletion by $NaNO_2$ or KCN sustainedly increased the $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ in rat erythrocytes. $Mg^{2+}$ efflux was stimulated by KCN in the perfused heart and liver, but not by $NaNO_2$. These results suggest that the activation of $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes into the circulation is directly dependent on the ATP depletion-induced increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ and heart, liver and erythrocytes have a major pool of $Mg^{2+}$ that can be mobilized upon cellular energy state.
달리기 운동이 streptozotocin- 유도 당뇨쥐의 가자미근 당수송체(GLUT4)와 소포관련 막단백질(VAMP2) 발현에 미치는 효과
박성태 ( Sung Tae Park ),서태범 ( Tae Beom Seo ),백성수 ( Seung Soo Baek ),정영수 ( Young Soo Chung ),오명진 ( Myung Jin Oh ),김종오 ( Jong Oh Kim ),이희혁 ( Hee Hyuk Lee ),정일규 ( Il Gyu Jeong ),윤진환 ( Jin Hwan Yoon ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2005 운동과학 Vol.14 No.4
흰쥐 대동맥에서 phospholipase C를 경유한 melatonin의 혈관 이완 작용
김상진,백성수,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Baek, Sung-Soo,Kang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Jin-Shang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4
Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of melatonin on vascular tissues are still vague. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phospholipase C (PLC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling cascade in the relaxatory action of melatonin in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) aortic rings. In KCl-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was not inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with NOS inhibitors, L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine (L-NNA) and L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors, methylene blue (MB) and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, ODQ and 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC). Moreover, in without endothelium (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA, L-NAME, MB and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by NCDC, a PLC inhibitor. It is concluded that melatonin can evoke vasorelaxation due to inhibition of PLC pathway through the protein kinase G activation of endothelial NOS/cGMP signaling cascade.
랫드를 이용한 Acetanilide의 반복투여 및 생식/발생독성 병행시험
정문구(Moon-Koo Chung),백성수(Sung-Soo Baek),이상희(Sang-Hee Lee),김현미(Hyun-Mi Kim),최경희(Kyung-Hee Choi),한상섭(Sang-Seop Han) 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.2
The study was conducted to assess the repeated dose and reproduction and developmental toxicities of acetanilide, an intermediate for drug production, as a part of OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) program. The test agent was administered by gavage at dose levels of 0, 22, 67, 200 and 600 ㎎/㎏ to Sprague-Dawley rats (12/group/sex) during pre-mating and mating period for males(up to 30 days) and females and pregnancy and early lactation period for females (up to 39~50 days). At 22 ㎎/㎏, decreases in HGB, HCT (males) and MCHC (females), hyperplasia of spleen red pulp, hyperplasia of femur bone marrow (both sexes) were observed. At 67 ㎎/㎏, salivation (males), reduced food consumption (both sexes), decreases in RBC, HGB, HCT and MCHC (males), increases in MCV (males) and spleen weight (males), hyperplasia of spleen red pulp and femur bone marrow (both sexes) were observed. At 200 ㎎/㎏, decreases in locomotor activity and salivation (both sexes), reduced food consumption (both sexes), decreases in RBC, HGB, HCT and increases in MCV, MCH, BUN, T-BIL (males), enlargement of spleen (both sexes), increased weight of spleen (males), hyperplasia of spleen red pulp and femur bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis of liver (both sexes), atrophy of thymus and corpus luteum hyperplasia of ovary (females) were observed. At 600 ㎎/㎏, decreases in locomotor activity, cyanosis (both sexes), reddish tear, and salivation (males), mortality (4 out of 12 females), decreased body weight (females), reduced food consumption (both sexes), decreases in RBC, HGB, HCT and MCHC and increases in WBC, MCV, MCH, reticulocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, AST, ALT, BUN, T-BIL, ALB, Ca and A/G ratio (males), enlargement of spleen, increased weights of spleen (both sexes), liver (males), kidney and ovary, decreased weights of thymus (females), hyperplasia of spleen red pulp, hyperplasia of femur bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis of liver (both sexes), and atrophy of thymus and corpus luteum hyperplasia of ovary (females) were observed. Regarding the reproduction and development toxicities, there were no treatment- related changes in precoital time, mating index, fertility index and pregnancy index at all doses tested. At 22 and 67 ㎎/㎏, there were no adverse effects on all the parameters observed. At 200 ㎎/㎏, decreased body weight of pups (day 4 p.p.) were observed. At 600 ㎎/㎏, decreased body weight of pups (day 0 and 4 p.p.) and viability index (day 4 p.p.), increased incidence of newborns dead or with abnormal clinical signs were observed. The results suggest that the NOAELs for general toxicity are < 22 ㎎/㎏, LOAELs are 22 ㎎/㎏ and the NOAELs for reproductive toxicity are 67 ㎎/㎏.
김종춘(Jong-Choon Kim),신진영(Jin-Young Shin),신동호(Dong-Ho Shin),손우찬(Woo-Chan Son),강성철(Cheng-Zhe Jiang),정나영(Na-Young Jung),백성수(Sung-Soo Baek),정문구(Moon-Koo Chung) 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.1
The present study was carried out to establish a mouse whole embryo culture technique for detecting developmental toxicity in ICR mice. ICR mouse embryos were explanted on gestational day (GD) 8.5 and cultured for 48 hrs in the bottles containing 2 ㎖ of culture media consisting of 100% immediately centrifuged and heat-inactivated rat serum. The culture bottles with 15 ㎖ capacity were attached to a rotator drum and rotated at 35 rpm, 37.5℃ with a continuous gas flow of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂, 90% N₂ for the first 17 hrs; 20% O₂, 5% CO₂, 75% N₂ for the next 17 hrs; 40% O₂, 5% CO₂, 55% N₂ for the last 24 hrs, After 48 hrs of culture, the growth and differentiation of embryos were compared with those of embryos grown in vivo and each embryo was evaluated for the presence of any malformations. At the begining of the culture, embryos were early somite stage, and the length of whole conceptus including ectoplacental corn was about 1.8 ㎜. At the end of culture, all embryos in culture showed well-developed vascularization in the body and yolk sac. No morphological and histological defects were detected in any embryos examined. The yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, and head length were 5.1, 4.3, and 2.3 ㎜, respectively. The number of somite pairs and morphological score were 30.0 and 67.7, respectively. The crown-rump length, head length and somite number of embryos grown for 48 hrs in vitro were slightly lower than those of embryos in vivo, respectively, but the morphology and differentiation were similar to those of embryos in vivo. These results indicated that morphology, growth and differentiation of in vitro mouse embryos are almost identical to those of in vivo embryos and suggest that the mouse whole embryo culture technique can be a useful tool for prescreening the developmental toxicity of chemicals.